An analysis of the South African tax policy on hybrid debt instruments with reference to international developments

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce (specialising in Taxation)The popularity of hybrid instruments as a tax planning technique has grown over the years. There is an increasing global awareness on the use of these instruments and on addressing the tax gaps created by these instruments. South Africa introduced significant amendments to the legislation on hybrid debt instruments, ahead of many countries around the globe. This research report examines hybrid debt instruments and the tax concerns which have created the need for specific tax legislation addressing such instruments. It considers tax policies proposed by the international tax fraternity, global trends in changes to tax policies and South Africa‘s stance on such tax policies. The amended section 8F and new section 8FA of the Income Tax Act are included in this consideration. Key words: arrangement, debt, deductible, dividend, equity, host country, interest, hybrid debt instrument, hybrid interest, home country, taxMT201

Alternative Water Level Controller using Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Drum Boiler.

This work is based onthe paper entitled 'Overcoming the shrinkandswell effect in water level controlstrategy on industrial drum boiler' [1], The basic function of this boiler is to produce steam. The steam will allow the turbine to function and therefore, will generate electricity to users. This paper illustrates the optimisation of loadfollowing scheme by applying 3-element controller scheme to regulate the drumboiler's water level. The PID controller is, by far the most commonly used for controlling and monitoring purposes in process plants. Nevertheless, the performance specifications ofa PID controllercould be further improved. This FinalYear Project entitled 'Alternative WaterLevel Controller usingArtificial Intelligence (AI)forIndustrialDrum Boiler'. It applies neural network, neuro-fuzzy and pre-processing to comparethe control performance ofthe steam pressureand water level ofthe boiler model. The objective of the project is to design and construct software by using Matlab, which can simulate and enhance thecontroller ofwater level andsteam pressure indrum boiler. The Artificial Intelligence approach makes it easier to conceptualize and implement control systems. Theprocess is reduced to a setofvisualizable steps. Thisis a very important point. Actually implementing a control system, even a simple control system, is more difficult than it appears. Unexpected aberrations and physical anomalies inevitably occur. In reading about AI control applications in industry, one of the significant points that stand out is: AIis usedbecause it shortens the time for engineering development. AI enables engineers to configure systems quickly without extensive experimentation andto make use of information from expert human operators who have beenperforming the task manually

PENGARUH INTERVAL WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR ENVIRO TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL DUA VARIETAS MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.)

This study was aimed at determining appropriate time interval of providing liquid organic fertilizer Enviro to growth and yield of two varieties of cucumber and interaction betweenthe time interval and the variety.  The experiment was carried out on flood plain of Krueng Lamnyong, Shiah Kuala Sub District, Banda Aceh from November 2008 to January 2009, using a factorial randomized complete block design 4x2 with three replications. Factors studied were time interval of providing liquid organic fertilizer Enviro, consisting of 4 levels ( 5, 7, 9 and 11 days and varieties, consisting of 2 levels (local varieties and Hercules 56). Variables observed were plant height, fruit numbers, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit Weights. Results showed that the time interval of providing liquid organic fertilizer Enviro did not affect plant height at age of 10, 20, and 30 days after planting (DAP), the number, length, diameter and weight of cucumber fruits harvested for 4 times. On the other hand, variety exerted significant effects on plant height at age of 10, 20 and 30 DAP, the number, length and weight of fruits, but did not exert a significant effect on fruit diameter. The best growth and length of cucumber fruits were found on varieties Hercules 56, while the number, diameter and weight of fruits of four Time harvest were found on local varieties. There was no significant  interaction between time interval and variety on all variables observed

STUDI KASUS TENTANG PELAKSANAAN PELATIHAN OLAHRAGA RENANG PRESTASI PADA PESERTA DIDIK TUNAGRAHITA DI SLB AZ-ZAKIYAH

Penelitianiniberjudul : “Studi Kasus Tentang Pelaksanaan Pelatihan Olahraga Renang Prestasi pada Peserta Didik Tunagrahita di SLB Az-Zakiyah.” Permasalahan yang ditelitisesuaidengantujuanpenelitianyaituuntukmengetahui gambaran deskriptif mengenai pelaksanaan pelatihan olahraga renang prestasi pada peserta didik tunagrahita di SLB Az-Zakiyah.Penelitianinibermula dari pola pendidikan di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) yang lebih menekankan kepada akademis. SLB sampai saat ini masih menerapkan pendidikan yang monoton dan belum dapat menggali serta mengembangkan potensi yang ada pada peserta didik, salah satunya dalam olahraga berenang. Penelitianinimenggunakanpendekatankualitatif yang bersifatstudikasuseksploratif.Teknikpengumpulan data dilakukanmelaluiwawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi.SLB Az-Zakiyah membuktikan bahwa peserta didik tunagrahita dapat mengembangkan potensinya dalam bidang olahraga renang. Peserta didik dapat mengalami perkembangan yang optimal dalam olahraga renang bila dilatih secara berkelanjutan dan konsisten serta didukung oleh pengelolaan sekolah yang baik dan dukungan orang tua. Saran yang penulisrumuskanadalah perubahan jadwal dalam frekuensi berlatih untuk perenang pemula dan menengah minimal empat kali dalam seminggu dan perenang tingkat lanjut minimal tiga kali dalam seminggu. sekolah menggunakan kolam renang yang memiliki panjang 50m dan kedalaman minimal 3m setiap berlatih untuk perenang prestasi tingkat mahir. Pihak sekolah harus memberikan laporan perkembangan pada orang tua setiap pelatihan renang dilaksanakan dalam bentuk narasi dan grafik. ABSTRACT Abstract :The problem that occurs in reality is education system in Special School which emphasizes theacademic. Special Schoolis stillimplementingeducationmonotonousandyetcanexplore anddevelop the potential oflearners, one of themin theswimmingsports. This study used a qualitative approach that is both explorative case study. Data was collected through interviews, observation and documentation. Based on the findings of this study that Prestigeous swiming training to prepare intellectual disability students attended a swimming competition. SLB Az-Zakiyah proves that mentally retarded learners can develop their potential in swimming. Learners can experience optimal development in the sport of swimming when trained on an ongoing basis and is supported by a consistent, good school management and parental support.The recomendation is the change in frequency of practice schedules for beginners and intermediate swimmers at least four times a week and advanced swimmers at least three times a week. schools use the pool which has a length of 50m and a depth of at least 3m each practice for swimmers advanced level of achievement. The school must provide progress reports to parents every swimming training in the form ofnarrative and graph

Alternative Water Level Controller using Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Drum Boiler.

This work is based onthe paper entitled 'Overcoming the shrinkandswell effect in water level controlstrategy on industrial drum boiler' [1], The basic function of this boiler is to produce steam. The steam will allow the turbine to function and therefore, will generate electricity to users. This paper illustrates the optimisation of loadfollowing scheme by applying 3-element controller scheme to regulate the drumboiler's water level. The PID controller is, by far the most commonly used for controlling and monitoring purposes in process plants. Nevertheless, the performance specifications ofa PID controllercould be further improved. This FinalYear Project entitled 'Alternative WaterLevel Controller usingArtificial Intelligence (AI)forIndustrialDrum Boiler'. It applies neural network, neuro-fuzzy and pre-processing to comparethe control performance ofthe steam pressureand water level ofthe boiler model. The objective of the project is to design and construct software by using Matlab, which can simulate and enhance thecontroller ofwater level andsteam pressure indrum boiler. The Artificial Intelligence approach makes it easier to conceptualize and implement control systems. Theprocess is reduced to a setofvisualizable steps. Thisis a very important point. Actually implementing a control system, even a simple control system, is more difficult than it appears. Unexpected aberrations and physical anomalies inevitably occur. In reading about AI control applications in industry, one of the significant points that stand out is: AIis usedbecause it shortens the time for engineering development. AI enables engineers to configure systems quickly without extensive experimentation andto make use of information from expert human operators who have beenperforming the task manually

Proximate Compositions, Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Mixed Green Tea Leaves with Vegetables Snack

The aim of this study is to develop mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snacks.  Proximate compositions, physical and sensory properties of mixed green tea leave with vegetables snack were assessed. The vegetables such as water spinach, spinach and Kailan were mixed with green tea leaves separately to produce GWS, GS, and GK, respectively. Commercialized seaweed snack (CS) was used as a control. The proximate composition of mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snack and control were determined using Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. The physical properties (i.e. water activity and texture profile) of the control and mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snacks were assessed using water activity meter and texture profile analyzer, respectively.  Sensory evaluation was evaluated by 40 semi-trained panelists. The ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat as well as calories of mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snacks were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control. Moisture and carbohydrate of mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snack were significantly (P<0.05) lower than control. Texture profile analysis indicated that mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snack and control were no significant (P>0.05) in terms of fracturability, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. Sensory evaluation results indicated that mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snacks were acceptable by panelists as they received score higher than 4.00. Therefore, the findings from this study showed that mixed green tea leaves with vegetables snacks has potential to be developed into snack which is similar with the seaweed snack

Penerapan Bimbingan Kelompok Di Sekolah Untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Empati Siswa Di MAN 3 Medan

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan kelompok dalam meningkatkan sikap empati siswa kelas XI MIA-4 MAN 3 Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah PTBK (Penelitinan Tindakan Bimbingan Konseling) yaitu penelitian upaya yang dilakukan secara terencana dan sistematis dengan melakukan refleksi terhadap praktik pelayanan, selanjutnya dilakukan tindakan perbaikan dengan menggunakan beberapa siklus untuk peningkatan praktik pelayanan konseling dengan menggunakan beberapa tekhnik pengumpulan data/ instrument meliputi angket, observasi, wawancara singkat. Hasil instrument angket yang diberikan sebelum tindakan sebesar 40%, setelah diberikan tindakan pada siklus I diperoleh hasil 60%, dan pada siklus II lebih meningkat menjadi 90%. Jadi hasil peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 30%, dengan kriteria berhasil dan kondisi ini telah mencapai target yang ditetapkan yaitu 75%. Artinya siswa yang diberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok mengalami peningkatan empati

Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Problem Solving Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Konsep Mol

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan hasil belajar kimia siswa kelas X IPA 1 SMA Negeri 2 Mataram Tahun Pelajaran 2016-2017 pada materi Konsep Mol dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran problem solving. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang secara umum terdiri dari 2 (dua) siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4 (empat) tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas X IPA 1 SMAN 2 Mataram pada tahun pelajaran 2016-2017 yang berjumlah 40siswa, 10 siswa laki-laki dan 30 siswa perempuan. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada materi konsep mol yang mencakup konversi jumlah mol ke dalam jumlah partikel, jumlah massa, jumlah volume, hipotesis Avogadro, rumus empiris, rumus molekul, kadar zat, dan pereaksi pembatas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, lembar observasi, dan angket siswa. Hasil penelitian pada siklus II menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan dengan siklus I. Pada siklus II, rata-rata nilai post tes     siswa adalah 79,08 dengan siswa sebanyak 35 orang (88%)mencapai nilai ≥76. Hasil angket siswa serta hasil observasi terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode problem solving juga menunjukkan tanggapan yang baik dari siswa. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode problem solving memberikan dampak yang positif bagi siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar

Zaman keemasan pendidikan Islam Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Nabundong Kecamatan Batang Onang Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara pada tahun 1925-2007

Adapun latar belakang masalah penelitian ini bahwa Pondok Pesantren adalah suatu tempat yang tersedia untuk para santri dalam menerima pelajaran-pelajaran agama Islam sekaligus tempat berkumpul di tempat tinggalnya. Sedangkan zaman keemasan dalam persepektif sejarah adalah priode yang mengalami masa kejayaan pendidikan Islam berkembang pesat yang ditandai dengan berkembangnya lembaga pendidikan, Madrasah (sekolah) formal serta universitas-universitas dalam berbagai pusat budaya Islam. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui Zaman Keemasan Pendidikan Islam Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Nabundong dengan tiga priode yaitu pada tahun 1925-1946, kemudian 1946-1981, dan 1981-2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah melalui tahapan-tahapan heuristik mengumpulkan sumber-sumber sejarah dengan cara wawancara dan arsip-arsip berupa akta pendirian pondok pesantren, verifikasi (kritik terhadap data), interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan historis. Dan pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Wawancara, Observasi dan Dokumentasi. Dari penelitian yang dilaksanakan mendapat hasil bahwa, Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Nabundong berdiri pada tahun 1925 oleh Syech Ahmad Daud Siregar, berlokasi di Hutan Nabundong. Awal berdirinya merupakan tempat parsulukan, Pondok Pesanten ini mengalami perkembangan yang meliputi sarana dan prasarana, dilihat dari musalla yang dulunya di gunakan untuk tempat belajar, sekarang memilki ruangan untuk kegiatan belajar santri. Perkembangan santri pada awal berdiri hanya memilki 50 santri, tahun 1967-1981 hampir mencapai 700 santri. Asal santri yang dulunya dari Desa Gunung Tua Julu, sekarang santri berdatang dari daerah yang berbeda-beda (dari Palas, Paluta, Tapsel, dan Tabangsel). Peran pimpinan mampu membangkitkan karakter dari seorang santrisantrinyah, populeritas pimpinan yang memilki ilmunya yang tinggi, pengetahuannya kuat dan juga karomah, sedangkan Progam kerja yang dulunya fokus di pendidikan kitab kuning saja sekarang diadakannya kegiatan santri, dan juga keamanan santri. Pendidikan Islam pada zaman keemasan pondok pesantren ini yaitu pendidikan yang mampu di kembangkan dan di aplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari

Urban River and Its Heritage Value: A river of life at Precinct 7, Kuala Lumpur

Some of urban rivers have their respective heritage value and need to be preserved.  However, enforcement of river pollution had not given much effect to improvement due to human attitude and behaviour. The purpose of this research is to present an analysis to revitalize the urban river at Precinct 7, River of Life Project, Kuala Lumpur.  Through analysis of the precedent studies, the rationale will then be compared to suit the most suitable and relevant proposal. The study revealed that the historic buildings along the river and the river itself should be maintained and integrated to preserve its heritage value.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Urban river; heritage value; sustainable development; River of Life