A New Method for the Isolation and Purification of Trigonelline as Hydrochloride from Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

بذور نبات الحلبه تحتوي على العديد من المواد الفعاله كالزيوت الثابته, القلويدات (أهمها الترايكونللين), المواد الصابونية , ومواد اخرى. ان فصل مادة الترايكونللين وهو الرئيسي في نبات الحلبة يعتبر معقدا وذلك لاحتواء نبات الحلبة على العديد من المواد الاخرى كمادة الكولين, والمادة الهلامية, والستيرويد الصابوني ومواد اخرى. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى عزل مادة الترايكونللين عن بقية المواد, والكولين من بذور الحلبة واللذان يشتركان في صفات فيزياوية وكيميائية متقاربة وبطريقة محورة عن الطريقة التقليدية. تم عزل المواد الدهنيه ( الزيوت الثابته) من بذور الحلبه باستعمال مذيب لاقطبي وبعدها تم استخلاص المواد الفعاله الأخرى من البذور عن طريق استخدام مذيبات مختلفة القطبيه تم عزل الترايكونللين بخطوات متعاقبة من التنقية قبل تنقيتها بشكل نهائي بواسطة تقنية الكروماتوغرافيا (غشاء الطبقة السميكة) والتعرف عليه من خلال كاشف دراجندروف و ماير, بالاضافه الى استخدام اجهزه مثل جهاز استشراب سائل عالي الأداء و مطيافية الأشعة تحت الحمراء وجهاز قياس درجة الانصهار. هذه الطريقة سريعة وملائمة للحصول على مادة ملح الترايكونيللين من بذور الحلبة.Separation of Trigonelline, the major alkaloid in fenugreek seeds, is difficult because the extract of these seeds usually contains Trigonelline, choline, mucilage, and steroidal saponins, in addition to some other substances. This study amis to isolate the quaternary ammonium alkaloid (Trigonelline) and choline from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella-foenum graecum L.) which have similar physiochemical properties by modifying of the classical method. Seeds were defatted and then extracted with methanol. The presence of alkaloids was detected by using Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents. In this work, trigonilline was isolated with traces of choline by subsequent processes of purification using analytical and preparative TLC techniques. Further identification was done by using HPLC, IR and MP. Pure Trigonelline was isolated from the seeds of Trigonella-foenum graecum excluding other alkaloid like choline. In this study, a new, fast and convenient method for isolation and purification of Trigonelline from fenugreek seeds has been established. Unlike other methods, this one excludes all the non-alkaloidal components from the fenugreek seeds extract

A Fractional LC − RC Circuit

Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33, 30B10, 33B15, 44A10, 47N70, 94C05We suggest a fractional differential equation that combines the simple harmonic oscillations of an LC circuit with the discharging of an RC circuit. A series solution is obtained for the suggested fractional differential equation. When the fractional order α = 0, we get the solution for the RC circuit, and when α = 1, we get the solution for the LC circuit. For arbitrary α we get a general solution which shows how the oscillatory behavior (LC circuit) go over to a decay behavior (RC circuit) as grows from 0 to 1, and vice versa. An explanation of the behavior is proposed based on the idea of the evolution of a resistive property in the inductor giving a new value to the inductance that affects the frequency of the oscillator

A comparative assessment of the amount and rate of orthodontic space closure toward a healed vs recent lower premolar extraction site.

To investigate and compare the amount and rate of space closure and tooth tipping during orthodontic space closure toward a recent vs healed first premolar extraction site. The mandibular arches of 23 patients were included. Treatment plans included lower first premolar extractions. After reaching 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless-steel archwires (SSAW), patients were subdivided into two groups (Group 1: space closure was carried out toward a healed first premolar extraction space and Group 2: space closure was carried out immediately after first premolar extraction). Elastomeric power chain from second molar to second molar was used to close lower extraction spaces. The following time points were defined: T1: just before space closure; T2-T4: 1-3 months after initial space closure. Records consisted of dental study models. The amount and rate of extraction space closure were evaluated at each time point. In Group 1 (healed socket), a total amount of 1.98 mm (coronally) and 1.75 mm (gingivally) of space closure was achieved. The rate of space closure was 0.66 mm/month coronally and 0.58 mm/month gingivally. In Group 2 (recent socket), the total amount of space closure was 3.02 mm coronally and 2.68 mm gingivally. The rate of space closure was 1.01 mm/month coronally and 0.89 mm/month gingivally. Differences between the two groups were significant (P .05). In the lower arch, the amount and rate of space closure toward a recent extraction site were higher than that toward a healed extraction socket with similar tipping of teeth in both groups.This study was supported by the Deanship of Research/Jordan University of Science and Technology (Grant number 53/2019)

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ -> l nu q(q)over-bar production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Results are presented from a search for the direct electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in signatures with either two or more leptons (electrons or muons) of the same electric charge, or with three or more leptons, which can include up to two hadronically decaying tau leptons. The results are based on a sample of protonproton collision data collected at p s = 13TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb1. The observed event yields are consistent with the expectations based on the standard model. The results are interpreted in simpli ed models of supersymmetry describing various scenarios for the production and decay of charginos and neutralinos. Depending on the model parameters chosen, mass values between 180GeV and 1150 GeV are excluded at 95% CL. These results signi cantly extend the parameter space probed for these particles in searches at the LHC. In addition, results are presented in a form suitable for alternative theoretical interpretations.Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physic

Angular momentum partitioning and hexacontatetrapoles in impulsively excited argon ions

We have studied simultaneous ionization and excitation of argon atoms by transversely-polarized electron impact. We measured the integrated Stokes parameters of the light emitted along the direction of the electron polarization from the excited ions without detecting the scattered electrons. The excited states under investigation, 2F7/2, 2F 5/2, 2D5/2, and 2P3/2 , have a 3p4 (1D) core and the 4p outer electron. With the exception of the 2P3/2 state, which has a 12% 3P core component, they are well-LS coupled. Our experiment can measure two normalized integrated state multipoles for the total angular momentum J: t 11 (J) and t20 ( J). These multipoles are called the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole moments and they are related to the integrated Stokes parameters P3 and P1 respectively. The other integrated Stokes parameter P2 is consistent with zero for all the states under investigation, which means that inelastic Mott scattering is not occurring. We showed that the Rubin-Bederson hypothesis holds for these well-LS coupled states for L and S multipoles. We determine the state multipoles for the 1D core and the 4p outer electron by using the formalism of irreducible tensor multipole moments. We have made the first experimental measurements of the an orbital multipole moment of rank 4 (hexadecapole moment) for the 1D core. Furthermore, it is possible to determine the orbital multipole of rank 6 (hexacontatetrapole moment) accurately for the 2F states

Performance of retrofitted reinforced concrete beam with anchored carbon fiber reinforced polymer rods and concrete jacket under increasing repetitive bending

Recently, the applications of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite materials have shown a significant growth in the strengthening and retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structural beams in terms of extending their effective life duration, reducing deformation, and increasing load capacity. However, Externally Bonded (EB) and Near Surface Mounted (NSM) systems are the most well-known techniques that have been applied lately to strengthen beams. But these approaches have some drawbacks, including poor performance against fire, degradation of the polymer matrix under Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, low compatibility between the epoxy matrix and the concrete substrate, thermal incompatibility between the FRP composites and concrete substrates, and unmatured de-bonding phenomena, which greatly reduce the effects of strengthening systems. Hence, RC structures strengthened with FRP material failed at loads less than their ultimate capacity, especially when subjected to repeated loading. This is because repeated loading leads to progressive degradation of the bond at the FRP-adhesive- concrete interfaces and results in failure at bond stresses lower than the ultimate monotonic bond stress. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to propose a new RC beam strengthening technique to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods and prove its functionality and effectiveness under incremental repetitive bending. The proposed system consists of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) rods attached to the beam’s bottom surfaces (at the tensile zone). The rods are fixed to the beams using a Mechanical Anchorage System (MAS), which mainly consists of clipping steel plates and expansion anchor bolts. A new cast-in-situ concrete jacket covers the MASs and the CFRP rods. An epoxy composite layer is utilized on the bottom surface of the existing beams to avoid premature de-bonding between the old beam concrete and the new cast jacketing concrete to ensure that the strengthening system functions properly. A full-scale experimental test has been conducted on eight beams strengthened using the new proposed system. The eight beams were cast for this purpose and subjected to incremental repetitive bending load until failure following the four-point standard test setup. To examine the influence of each component of the proposed system, each beam with a specific setting is considered. Initial cracking, yielding, and ultimate loads, crack pattern, and mode of failure were recorded and discussed to evaluate the performance of the strengthened beams. Numerical simulation models have been developed using finite element software to evaluate the current proposed strengthened system performance and investigate more design parameters. In addition, an analytical calculation was applied to assess the ability of current design guidelines and codes to predicate the behavior of the proposed system in terms of elastic and plastic deflection, moment-curvature curve, ultimate load, and crack pattern. The experimental testing results indicated that the new proposed system effectively prevents premature de-bonding phenome, which led to an increase in the ultimate load capacity ranging between 87% and 120%. Furthermore, excellent bonding in the contact region between the old, existing concrete surface and the fresh concrete jacketing was observed along with the test until the failure. Numerical simulation results also showed excellent agreement with the experimental ones in terms of load–deflection, maximum load capacity, and mode of failure. Besides, FE output has confirmed the MAS’s contribution to bonding and capacity performance and the limited effect of the thickness and grade of concrete jacketing. The results of the analytical calculation showed that the current formula predicts the response of the tested beam specimens with reasonable accuracy. Overall, the results demonstrated that the new proposed prototype could be a promising replacement for the current strengthening system by providing accepted strengthening performance and durability

An emergency medical care network system for fetal ECG monitoring

Developing and less developing countries (LDCs) are identified in risk of stillbirth due to insufficient emergency medical take-care supports. The regular check-up of the fetal electrocardiography (FECG) could be an earliest prevention of this occurrence. This paper presents a research work aim to implement a simple, customize and portable emergency medical care for the FECG monitoring system from remote location. After acquisitions of the abdominal wall fetal electrocardiography (AFECG) signal from the pregnant mother (patient), the local terminal then transfers this AFECG signal as data to the remote terminal at the expert physician for diagnosis purpose. At the remote terminal, the FECG signals are then extracted from the AFECG signals by our developed software. In this case, computer network establishes a bridge between the patient and a distant expert physician. The network program developed based on the client/server applications. The developed network program is capable to support both the AFECG data transfer and online chat session simultaneously. A specialist physician at the remote terminal can diagnose the FECG signal and provides instruction to the local terminal in case of emergency. A number of cases studied by this developed system and found approximately same result compared with a commercial system.M.I. Ibrahimy, K.A.S. Al-Khateeb, M.A. Hasan, S.M.A. Motakabberhttp://www-ist.massey.ac.nz/seat/conferences/delta