Heavy Quark Potential in a static and strong homogeneous magnetic field

We have investigated the properties of quarkonia in a thermal QCD medium in the background of strong magnetic field. For that purpose, we employ the Schwinger proper-time quark propagator in the lowest Landau level to calculate the one-loop gluon self-energy, which in the sequel gives the the effective gluon propagator. As an artifact of strong magnetic field approximation ($eB>>T^2$ and $eB>>m^2$), the Debye mass for massless flavors is found to depend only on the magnetic field which is the dominant scale in comparison to the scales prevalent in the thermal medium. However, for physical quark masses, it depends on both magnetic field and temperature in a low temperature and high magnetic field but the temperature dependence is very meagre and becomes independent of temperature beyond a certain temperature and magnetic field. With the above mentioned ingredients, the potential between heavy quark ($Q$) and anti-quark ($\bar Q$) is obtained in a hot QCD medium in the presence of strong magnetic field by correcting both short and long range components of the potential in real-time formalism. It is found that the long range part of the quarkonium potential is affected much more by magnetic field as compared to the short range part. This observation facilitates us to estimate the magnetic field beyond which the potential will be too weak to bind $Q\bar Q$ together. For example, the $J/\psi$ is dissociated at $eB \sim$ 10 $m_\pi^2$ and $\Upsilon$ is dissociated at $eB \sim$ 100 $m_\pi^2$ whereas its excited states, $\psi^\prime$ and $\Upsilon^\prime$ are dissociated at smaller magnetic field $eB= m_\pi^2$, $13 m_\pi^2$, respectively.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Economic Structural Reforms and Sovereign Assets-Backed Sukuk in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review

Purpose: The continuous increase in internal debts without the reciprocal implementation of economic reforms proportionately increase the cost of goods for the economic growth of Pakistan, which ultimately caused serious economic problems in an economy. The core purpose of conducting this study is to propose workable /attainable solutions by imposing economic structural reforms and sovereign asset-backed Sukuk to overcome the economic problems of Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study consist of an In-depth analysis consists of a detailed description of the theory and conceptual framework to support the research objective of this study through a systematic literature review. Findings: The Study found that private-public partnerships to be financed through the issuance of sovereign Asset-Backed Sukuk which can ultimately protect investor’s risk. Implications/Originality/Value: This study also recommended that by using Assets- Backed Sukuk, an economy can increase in agriculture and industrial goods, increase in exportable goods that support the current account deficit, elimination of unfavorable balance of payments, removal of fiscal deficit and leads towards the sole objective of sustainable economic growth of Pakistan. &nbsp

Interpretation of Electrocardiogram and Emergency Management of Myocardial Infarction: A Survey among Doctors

Background: A virtuous understanding of Electrocardiogram is an indispensable ability and essential skill required in doctors. This study assessed the understanding of the electrocardiogram and acute management of myocardial infarction among emergency doctors, general practitioners, medical officers, house officers and postgraduate students. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted for 7 months on n=312 doctors working in tertiary care public and private hospitals and as General practitioners in Karachi, Pakistan. Convenience sampling technique was used. Participants were asked to interpret a 12 lead electrocardiogram attached to questionnaire and write down their findings and diagnoses. They were then asked about its acute management. ANOVA and Chi square was applied for making inferences from the acquired data. p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Approval was taken from the Ethical Review board. Results: Knowledge was assessed on basis of designation, 84.6% of the emergency doctors correctly interpreted the ECG while 75.4% of general physicians read it correctly. House officers and medical officers had the lowest scores in ECG interpretation. Years of experience demonstrated inverse results with >5 years experience at the lowest scores for interpretation of ECG and MI management. Interpretation scores of ECG were significantly high (p value 0.03) in participants who attended workshops compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Emergency doctors had better scores when it comes to ECG interpretation and management of MI. Frequent workshops and cardiology rotations should be mandatory for health care professionals to improve essential skill and knowledge of acute management of myocardial infarction

CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS: A CASE REPORT

Background: Craniosynostosis has a prevalence of 1 in 2000 to 2500 live births. We report on a case of craniosynostosis managed surgically. Method: A 2-year old male, case of craniosynostosis which presented to Ziauddin Hospital North Nazimabad OPD. This child had a history of multiple falls since the past 4 months for which sutures were required twice. His head circumference was above 95 percentile for his age. He was diagnosed as a case of trigonocephaly based on the findings of the 3D CT scan. He underwent surgical remodelling Result: Patient was discharged after an unremarkable post-operative period

Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.Comment: Compilation of the contributions (148 pages) as presented in the `Hot QCD Matter 2022 conference', held from May 12 to 14, 2022, jointly organized by IIT Goa & Goa University, Goa, Indi

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries