Supersymmetric dS/CFT

We put forward new explicit realisations of dS/CFT that relate ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric Euclidean vector models with reversed spin-statistics in three dimensions to specific supersymmetric Vasiliev theories in four-dimensional de Sitter space. The partition function of the free supersymmetric vector model deformed by a range of low spin deformations that preserve supersymmetry appears to specify a well-defined wave function with asymptotic de Sitter boundary conditions in the bulk. In particular we find the wave function is globally peaked at undeformed de Sitter space, with a low amplitude for strong deformations. This suggests that supersymmetric de Sitter space is stable in higher-spin gravity and in particular free from ghosts. We speculate this is a limiting case of the de Sitter realizations in exotic string theories.Comment: V2: references and comments added, typos corrected, version published in JHEP; 27 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Massively parallel nanowell-based single-cell gene expression profiling

Heatmaps illustrating the total number of detected transcripts for each well selected for downstream processing. Data are for three microchips, each with 5184 wells arranged in a 72 × 72 square layout. Microchips 72,618 and 72,598 were used for profiling human and mouse cell lines (names of cell lines indicated in the plot). Microchip 72,625 was used for profiling pancreatic islets. For microchips with multiple dispensed samples, the dispense area for each sample is indicated. (PDF 93 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S5. of Massively parallel nanowell-based single-cell gene expression profiling

Percentage of mitochondrial transcripts plotted against total number of detected transcripts for mouse Ba/F3 cells (a), human cell lines (b), mouse cell lines (c), and pancreatic islets (d). Dashed lines indicate the minimum number of detected transcripts required as a cell QC filter for each data set. (PDF 409 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Massively parallel nanowell-based single-cell gene expression profiling

Checkerboard assay. (a) Image of a microchip where the right half contains negative control master mix (NTC wells, n = 2520) and the left half contains lambda DNA master mix master (Positive wells, n = 1024) and negative control master mix (Test wells, n = 1496) in a checkerboard pattern. (b) Number of Test wells with signal, number of NTC wells with signal, and calculated misalignment rate for 11 MSNDs and 19 microchips. (PDF 1288 kb

7.Econ.concorrenza e regolazione_AeGI 2015_2016_2 PP

<div><p>Black Sigatoka or black leaf streak disease, caused by the Dothideomycete fungus <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> (previously: <i>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</i>), is the most significant foliar disease of banana worldwide. Due to the lack of effective host resistance, management of this disease requires frequent fungicide applications, which greatly increase the economic and environmental costs to produce banana. Weekly applications in most banana plantations lead to rapid evolution of fungicide-resistant strains within populations causing disease-control failures throughout the world. Given its extremely high economic importance, two strains of <i>P</i>. <i>fijiensis</i> were sequenced and assembled with the aid of a new genetic linkage map. The 74-Mb genome of <i>P</i>. <i>fijiensis</i> is massively expanded by LTR retrotransposons, making it the largest genome within the Dothideomycetes. Melting-curve assays suggest that the genomes of two closely related members of the Sigatoka disease complex, <i>P</i>. <i>eumusae</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>musae</i>, also are expanded. Electrophoretic karyotyping and analyses of molecular markers in <i>P</i>. <i>fijiensis</i> field populations showed chromosome-length polymorphisms and high genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation was also detected using neutral markers, suggesting strong selection with limited gene flow at the studied geographic scale. Frequencies of fungicide resistance in fungicide-treated plantations were much higher than those in untreated wild-type <i>P</i>. <i>fijiensis</i> populations. A homologue of the <i>Cladosporium fulvum Avr4</i> effector, <i>PfAvr4</i>, was identified in the <i>P</i>. <i>fijiensis</i> genome. Infiltration of the purified PfAVR4 protein into leaves of the resistant banana variety Calcutta 4 resulted in a hypersensitive-like response. This result suggests that Calcutta 4 could carry an unknown resistance gene recognizing PfAVR4. Besides adding to our understanding of the overall Dothideomycete genome structures, the <i>P</i>. <i>fijiensis</i> genome will aid in developing fungicide treatment schedules to combat this pathogen and in improving the efficiency of banana breeding programs.</p></div

Infiltration of purified protein of the putative effector gene <i>PfAvr4</i> from <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> into leaves of banana and tomato.

<p>A: Infiltrations into leaves of resistant and susceptible banana varieties. B: Infiltrations into leaves of tomato with or without the <i>Cf4</i> resistance gene known to interact with PfAVR4. Experiments were done with crude fermentor product and concentrated or diluted product. Fermentor medium alone and water were used as controls.</p

The repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) index calculated as (CpA+TpG)/(ApC+GpT) for genes^a and repeats^a in AT-poor and–rich regions of the <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> genome.

<p>The repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) index calculated as (CpA+TpG)/(ApC+GpT) for genes<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005876#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> and repeats<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005876#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> in AT-poor and–rich regions of the <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> genome.</p

Comparison of selected gene families with potential roles in pathogenicity among five Dothideomycete fungi and the saprotrophic Sordariomycete <i>Neurospora crassa</i>.

<p>Comparison of selected gene families with potential roles in pathogenicity among five Dothideomycete fungi and the saprotrophic Sordariomycete <i>Neurospora crassa</i>.</p

Phylogenetic analysis showing the placement of Dothideomycete species within the Capnodiales with expanded genomes.

<p>At least two genome expansions may have taken place; one leading to the banana pathogen <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> and one that contributed to its close relative the tomato pathogen <i>Cladosporium fulvum</i>. Genome sizes and percentages of the genome containing repeat elements are indicated in parentheses.</p

Comparison of the amount of repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) between AT-rich blocks and more GC-rich regions of the <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</i> genome as measured by the RIP index (CpA+TpG)/(ApC+GpT).

<p>(A) AT-rich blocks have a lower RIP index indicating a depletion of RIP-susceptible sites due to a higher frequency of RIP compared to (B) an AT-poor region (higher GC) of the genome, which has a higher RIP index reflecting very little RIP. Four AT-rich blocks are shown along with one AT-poor region for comparison. Length of each block in kilobases is shown along the x-axis and the RIP index (CpA+TpG)/(ApC+GpT) is shown on the y-axis.</p