Measuring Charge Carrier Mobility of Graphene

This research reports measurements of electron mobility in liquid-gated graphene. Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors are more sensitive to changes in external fields when the mobility is high; therefore increasing mobility will improve sensitivity. Mobility can be calculated from the ratio of sheet conductivity to carrier density. Sheet conductivity was measured using van der Pauw geometry and carrier density was determined from measurements of the liquid-gate capacitance. It is shown that mobility improves after the graphene surface is cleaned by an annealing process

The Vehicle, Spring 2004

Table of Contents Mother Nature\u27s PotentialsChristina Leepage 4 The Elephant in the RoomErika Olsenpage 5 Sin of MortalsHeather Harmonpage 6 Autumn GoldBrianne Kennedypage 7 Flight to the SeaBrianne Kennedypage 8 SmileTravis A. Probstpage 9 The BodyLavada Rainierpage 10 GuessTravis A. Probstpage 11 MonopolyCatherine Apodacapage 12 MourningLavada Rainierpage 13 A Premonition During My Sister\u27s PregnancyLavada Rainierpage 14 The Things I LoveSarah Chancepage 15 Flights of BirdsLavada Rainierpage 16 The Slumbering LibrarianJosh Sopiarzpage 16 Untitled (1)Josh Reeleypage 18 Untitled (2)Josh Reeleypage 19 Untitled (3)Josh Reeleypage 20 Self-IntrospectionLiz Toyntonpage 21 Mother\u27s DayCatherine Apodacapage 22 CarolJosh Sopiarzpage 23 PerhapsWillie Griggspage 24 PoemWillie Griggspage 25 In Longing for WealthWillie Griggspage 26 Crisis by DesignCatherine Apodacapage 27 UntitledLiz Toyntonpage 28 SleetCara Moranpage 29https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1081/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 2004

Table of Contents Mother Nature\u27s PotentialsChristina Leepage 4 The Elephant in the RoomErika Olsenpage 5 Sin of MortalsHeather Harmonpage 6 Autumn GoldBrianne Kennedypage 7 Flight to the SeaBrianne Kennedypage 8 SmileTravis A. Probstpage 9 The BodyLavada Rainierpage 10 GuessTravis A. Probstpage 11 MonopolyCatherine Apodacapage 12 MourningLavada Rainierpage 13 A Premonition During My Sister\u27s PregnancyLavada Rainierpage 14 The Things I LoveSarah Chancepage 15 Flights of BirdsLavada Rainierpage 16 The Slumbering LibrarianJosh Sopiarzpage 16 Untitled (1)Josh Reeleypage 18 Untitled (2)Josh Reeleypage 19 Untitled (3)Josh Reeleypage 20 Self-IntrospectionLiz Toyntonpage 21 Mother\u27s DayCatherine Apodacapage 22 CarolJosh Sopiarzpage 23 PerhapsWillie Griggspage 24 PoemWillie Griggspage 25 In Longing for WealthWillie Griggspage 26 Crisis by DesignCatherine Apodacapage 27 UntitledLiz Toyntonpage 28 SleetCara Moranpage 29https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1081/thumbnail.jp

Therapeutic Efficacy of a Potent Anti-venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Antibody Is Contingent on FC Effector Function

The development of specific, safe, and potent monoclonal antibodies (Abs) has led to novel therapeutic options for infectious disease. In addition to preventing viral infection through neutralization, Abs can clear infected cells and induce immunomodulatory functions through engagement of their crystallizable fragment (Fc) with complement proteins and Fc receptors on immune cells. Little is known about the role of Fc effector functions of neutralizing Abs in the context of encephalitic alphavirus infection. To determine the role of Fc effector function in therapeutic efficacy against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), we compared the potently neutralizing anti-VEEV human IgG F5 (hF5) Ab with intact Fc function (hF5-WT) or containing the loss of function Fc mutations L234A and L235A (hF5-LALA) in the context of VEEV infection. We observed significantly reduced binding to complement and Fc receptors, as well as differential in vitro kinetics of Fc-mediated cytotoxicity for hF5-LALA compared to hF5-WT. The in vivo efficacy of hF5-LALA was comparable to hF5-WT at −24 and + 24 h post infection, with both Abs providing high levels of protection. However, when hF5-WT and hF5-LALA were administered + 48 h post infection, there was a significant decrease in the therapeutic efficacy of hF5-LALA. Together these results demonstrate that optimal therapeutic Ab treatment of VEEV, and possibly other encephalitic alphaviruses, requires neutralization paired with engagement of immune effectors via the Fc region

Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome

The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62798/1/409860a0.pd

Finding Our Way through Phenotypes

Despite a large and multifaceted effort to understand the vast landscape of phenotypic data, their current form inhibits productive data analysis. The lack of a community-wide, consensus-based, human- and machine-interpretable language for describing phenotypes and their genomic and environmental contexts is perhaps the most pressing scientific bottleneck to integration across many key fields in biology, including genomics, systems biology, development, medicine, evolution, ecology, and systematics. Here we survey the current phenomics landscape, including data resources and handling, and the progress that has been made to accurately capture relevant data descriptions for phenotypes. We present an example of the kind of integration across domains that computable phenotypes would enable, and we call upon the broader biology community, publishers, and relevant funding agencies to support efforts to surmount today's data barriers and facilitate analytical reproducibility

Finding Our Way through Phenotypes

Despite a large and multifaceted effort to understand the vast landscape of phenotypic data, their current form inhibits productive data analysis. The lack of a community-wide, consensus-based, human- and machine-interpretable language for describing phenotypes and their genomic and environmental contexts is perhaps the most pressing scientific bottleneck to integration across many key fields in biology, including genomics, systems biology, development, medicine, evolution, ecology, and systematics. Here we survey the current phenomics landscape, including data resources and handling, and the progress that has been made to accurately capture relevant data descriptions for phenotypes. We present an example of the kind of integration across domains that computable phenotypes would enable, and we call upon the broader biology community, publishers, and relevant funding agencies to support efforts to surmount today's data barriers and facilitate analytical reproducibility

Measuring Charge Carrier Mobility in Graphene

This research reports measurements of electron mobility in Graphene Field Effect Transistors (GFET), gated with liquid. Mobility is a quantity describing how easily charge carriers move through a material. GFET biosensors have the greatest sensitivity when the mobility is high; therefore, increasing mobility should improve sensitivity of these and similar devices. An optimal method was established for preparing samples and taking measurements of a liquid-gate device. Sheet conductivity was measured using van der Pauw geometry and carrier density was determined from measurements of the liquid-gate capacitance. It is shown that mobility improves after the graphene surface is cleaned by an annealing process

sj-docx-1-fac-10.1177_27325016241241962 – Supplemental material for Maxillary and Midface Advancement With Rigid External Distraction: A Review and Technical Recommendations for Optimized Halo Placement

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-fac-10.1177_27325016241241962 for Maxillary and Midface Advancement With Rigid External Distraction: A Review and Technical Recommendations for Optimized Halo Placement by Okensama M. La-Anyane, Nikki Rezania, Kelly A. Harmon, Christina Tragos, John W. Polley and Alvaro A. Figueroa in FACE</p

The impact of attending historically Black colleges and universities on cognitive decline in Black adults: A longitudinal analysis in the KHANDLE and STAR cohorts

IntroductionBlack students attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) versus historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report more harmful discrimination and develop worse mental health outcomes, potentially offsetting the established benefits of college for lowering dementia incidence.MethodsBlack participants in two cohorts (the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences [KHANDLE] and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans [STAR]) who had attended college (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;716) self-reported the college name (classified as HBCU vs. PWI) and completed three waves of executive function (EF) and verbal episodic memory (VEM) assessments. HBCU effects on cognitive level and decline were estimated using adjusted linear mixed-effects models.ResultsHBCU (vs. PWI) attendees averaged better EF (β&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.05 [-0.22, 0.32]) and VEM (β&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.21 [-0.06, 0.46]) at age 70 though neither association was statistically significant. HBCU attendance was associated with slightly faster VEM decline (β&nbsp;=&nbsp;-0.03 [-0.05, 0.00]).DiscussionHarmonized analyses with larger studies are needed to estimate important effects of HBCU attendance.HighlightsHigher education is robustly linked to lower dementia risk, yet Black-White inequities persist among college-educated adults. Black students attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) versus historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report more harmful discrimination and develop worse mental health outcomes, which may offset the established benefits of college for lowering dementia incidence. HBCU (vs. non-HBCU) attendees averaged better executive function and verbal episodic memory (VEM) at average age 70, though confidence intervals were wide and associations were not statistically significant, and averaged slightly faster decline in VEM. Harmonized analyses using larger nationally representative studies are likely needed to avoid underestimating the health effects of HBCU attendance