Potential interaction of sugar intake and tobacco exposure on dental caries in adults-A cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background/purpose: We suspected that there might be an interaction between sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the risk of dental caries. The study aimed to investigate the associations of sugar intake or tobacco exposure with the risk of dental caries. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study obtained data of 18804 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2018. Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the associations of total sugar intake or tobacco exposure with the risk of dental caries. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API), and synergy index (SI) evaluated the interaction between total sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the risk of dental caries. The effect size of odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) was inputted. Results: The OR of dental caries in adults with cotinine >10 ng/mL was 1.59 (95%CI: 1.38–1.82). The increased risk of dental caries was found in people with total sugar >19.5%E compared to those with total sugar ≤19.5%E (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.34–1.78). Compared to people with cotinine ≤10 ng/mL and total sugar ≤19.5%E, adults with cotinine >10 ng/mL and total sugar >19.5%E were correlated with elevated risk of dental caries (OR = 2.76, 95%CI: 2.29–3.33). The interaction indicators RERI was 0.980 (95%CI: 0.413–1.547), API was 0.355 (95%CI: 0.192–0.517), and SI was 2.250 (95%CI: 1.344–3.767). Conclusion: There might be interaction between sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the occurrence of dental caries in adults

Maxillary second molar with four roots and five canals

In this case report, we present a maxillary second molar variant, which had two palatal roots with two canals and two buccal roots with three canals, including a second mesiobuccal canal. A 44-year-old female patient complained about a tooth crown fracture and severe pain in her right maxillary second molar. A clinical intraoral inspection and radiography were carried out on the tooth, and a diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis was made. Four roots (two buccal and two palatal) and five canals (three buccal and two palatal) were found. The anatomical variation of the tooth was further confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography, a cone-fit procedure, and a radiograph with a shifted projection angle. Root-canal treatment was performed under an endodontic microscope

High mobility organic semiconductor for constructing high efficiency carbon nitride heterojunction photocatalysts

Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has attracted worldwide attention due to its low-cost, environmental friendliness and tunable structures. However, the CN photocatalyst still suffers from low charge separation efficiency issues. It is known that mobility is one of the most important factors dominating the charge separation and transport. This work reports a new strategy to address the low charge separation issue by coupling a high-mobility organic semiconductor and CN. Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), a classical small molecule organic semiconductor which possesses high mobility, outstanding stability and strong visible-light absorption, was selected to construct CN/CuPc heterojunctions. The CN/CuPc heterojunctions showed a high hydrogen evolution (PHE) rate of 9.0 mmol g(-1) h(-1) and apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 3.99% (420 nm) and 1.31% (600 nm). This work demonstrates the application prospects of high-mobility organic semiconductors in heterojunction photocatalysis.Funding Agencies|National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [52003143]; Natural Science Foundation of Shandong ProvinceNatural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2019BB014]; China Scholarship CouncilChina Scholarship Council [201908370037]; Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet)Swedish Research Council [2018-04670]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS)Swedish Research Council Formas [2016-00559]; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) [CH2016-6722]</p

High mobility emissive organic semiconductor.

The integration of high charge carrier mobility and high luminescence in an organic semiconductor is challenging. However, there is need of such materials for organic light-emitting transistors and organic electrically pumped lasers. Here we show a novel organic semiconductor, 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA), which exhibits not only high emission with single crystal absolute florescence quantum yield of 41.2% but also high charge carrier mobility with single crystal mobility of 34 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on DPA give pure blue emission with brightness up to 6,627 cd m(-2) and turn-on voltage of 2.8 V. 2,6-Diphenylanthracene OLED arrays are successfully driven by DPA field-effect transistor arrays, demonstrating that DPA is a high mobility emissive organic semiconductor with potential in organic optoelectronics

Short alkyl chain engineering modulation on naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole toward high-performance single crystal transistors and organic thin film displays

Studying multi-purpose applications of a specific material is a challenging topic in the organic electronics community. In this work, through molecular engineering and smart device structure design strategy, high performance in transistors and thin film display devices is simultaneously achieved by applying a simple new dye molecule, naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPN), as the active layer material. Short alkyl chains (hexyl or octyl side groups for H-DPPN and O-DPPN, respectively) are adapted to improve the hole mobility in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and single crystal transistors (SCTs). Specifically, H-DPPN shows a similar hole mobility in either OTFTs or SCTs, while O-DPPN exhibits a dramatically enhanced mobility, reaching 0.125 cm2 V−1 s−1 in SCTs. Additionally, a smart organic light emitting diode (OLED) device is designed by using DPPN molecule as the dopant with a host matrix. The promising external quantum efficiencies of 4.0% and 2.3% are achieved for H-DPPN and O-DPPN fabricated OLEDs. Overall, in this work, it is reported that DPP-based small molecules can simultaneously function well in both transistors and thin film displays with high device performance through molecular and smart device engineering.</p