287 research outputs found
Client Adaptation improves Federated Learning with Simulated Non-IID Clients
We present a federated learning approach for learning a client adaptable,
robust model when data is non-identically and non-independently distributed
(non-IID) across clients. By simulating heterogeneous clients, we show that
adding learned client-specific conditioning improves model performance, and the
approach is shown to work on balanced and imbalanced data set from both audio
and image domains. The client adaptation is implemented by a conditional gated
activation unit and is particularly beneficial when there are large differences
between the data distribution for each client, a common scenario in federated
learning.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. To appear at International Workshop on
Federated Learning for User Privacy and Data Confidentiality in Conjunction
with ICML 202
Recommended from our members
Sociodemographic characteristics associated with physical activity barrier perception among manual wheelchair users
Individuals with disabilities are sub-optimally active and at increased risk for chronic diseases. Limited knowledge exists about how differences among wheelchair-dependent individuals may affect their perception of physical activity barriers.
We examined whether the perception of physical activity barriers are associated with wheelchair user sociodemographic characteristics.
Danish manual wheelchair users (MWCUs) (N = 181; 52.5% females, mean ± SD: age 48 ± 14 yrs) completed the ‘Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments’ (BPAQ-MI) online. The BPAQ-MI queries physical activity barriers in four domains (intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and community) and eight subdomains. Participant characteristics evaluated as potentially associated with physical activity barriers included age, sex, years in chair, body mass index (BMI), spinal cord injury (SCI) (if any), education, employment, and resident city size. Simple linear regression (step 1) and multiple regression models (step 2) were created to assess associations between MWCU characteristics and barriers.
Multiple regression models revealed that MWCUs who were obese, who did not complete high school, or were unemployed rated physical activity barriers higher across several subdomains (all r2≤0.226, p<0.05). Resident city size was associated with safety subdomain barrier impact (r2=0.039, p<0.05). Sex, age, years in chair and SCI were not associated with any barrier domains (all p ≥ 0.064).
Our results provide new evidence that MWCUs with BMI ≥30; who are not employed; or who only have completed high school, may need special consideration and resources to overcome distinct physical activity barriers. Behavioral strategies and interventions focusing on reducing physical activity barriers should be tailored to the individuals above
Peak Power Output in Loaded Jump Squat Exercise is Affected by Set Structure
International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 776-784, 2018. A priority in strength and power exercise might be to train with as high quality as possible for the shortest possible duration. In this context, peak power output could reflect quality. Designing an exercise session as a cluster set structure, as compared to a traditional set structure, may be a way to obtain higher peak power output in the session. But it is unknown whether that is obtainable for non-elite individuals performing loaded jump squat exercise. The aim of the present study was therefore to test the hypothesis that peak power output would be highest in a jump squat exercise session, which was structured with cluster sets, as compared to traditional sets. Ten individuals (2 women, 8 men; 26.5 ± 4.8 years, 1.81 ±0.08 m, 90.9 ± 13.2 kg) performed two loaded jump squat exercise sessions structured with cluster sets and traditional sets, respectively. The sessions were performed on two separate days, in counterbalanced order. The position of the barbell was used to calculate derived values including peak power output. Values calculated as averages across the entire exercise sessions showed peak power output to be 178 ± 181 W, corresponding to 4.1% ± 4.9%, higher in the session with cluster set structure, as compared to the session with traditional set structure (p = 0.005). It was concluded that for non-elite individuals, peak power output was approximately 4% higher in a loaded jump squat exercise session structured with cluster sets as compared to an exercise session structured with traditional sets
Laser-Annealing and Solid-Phase Epitaxy of Selenium Thin-Film Solar Cells
Selenium has resurged as a promising photovoltaic material in solar cell
research due to its wide direct bandgap of 1.95 eV, making it a suitable
candidate for a top cell in tandem photovoltaic devices. However, the
optoelectronic quality of selenium thin-films has been identified as a key
bottleneck for realizing high-efficiency selenium solar cells. In this study,
we present a novel approach for crystallizing selenium thin-films using
laser-annealing as an alternative to the conventionally used thermal annealing
strategy. By laser-annealing through a semitransparent substrate, a buried
layer of high-quality selenium crystallites is formed and used as a growth
template for solid-phase epitaxy. The resulting selenium thin-films feature
larger and more preferentially oriented grains with a negligible surface
roughness in comparison to thermally annealed selenium thin-films. We fabricate
photovoltaic devices using this strategy, and demonstrate a record ideality
factor of n=1.37, a record fill factor of FF=63.7%, and a power conversion
efficiency of PCE=5.0%. The presented laser-annealing strategy is universally
applicable and is a promising approach for crystallizing a wide range of
photovoltaic materials where high temperatures are needed while maintaining a
low substrate temperature
- …