Eva.S : Evaluation Strategies and Data Processing of Indicator Values

Zugleich gedruckt veröffentlicht im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin unter der ISBN 978-3-7983-2587-6.Die Evaluierungs-“toolbox” Eva.S dient als Instrument für Projektentwickler, zur Umsetzung von Projektideen und Networking in Praxis und Forschungsförderung zur Verarbeitung von komplexen Datenmengen. Eva.S ist ein nicht projektgebundenes Evaluierungs-System mit vielfältiger prozessorientierter Anwendung und kompetenter Kommunikation der Ergebnisse. Die angewandte Strategie zur Evaluierung mit den wirkungsbezogenen sogenannten “Indicator values” sind von großer Relevanz und weitgehend akzeptiert auf dem Gebiet Planung, Konstruktion und dem prozessorientierten Monitoring, um schon frühzeitig den “Zielerreichungsgrad“ eines Projektes verfolgen zu können. Die wirkungsbezogenen “Indicator values” sind die Basis für die Projektarbeit im Netzwerk, die Visualisierung und das Verstehen komplexer Vorgänge in der Projektentwicklung und dem Fortschritt. Es gibt auf dem internationalen Markt viele Evaluierungs- und Monitoringsysteme wie z.B. BNB/DGNB, BREEAM, LEED, African Green City Index (GCI), Asian GCI, European GCI, ESTIDIMA (Pearls), GREEN Pyramids etc.; das neu entwickelte Eva.S Evaluierungs-System führt in einem sorgfältigen Abwägungsprozess alle für das eigene zu evaluierende Projekt wichtigen Faktoren und Indikatoren aus den international anerkannten Verfahren zur Bewertung von Bauwerken hinsichtlich Flächenmanagement und der sozio-kulturellen Problematiken zusammen. Die Eva.S Evaluierungs-“toolbox” stellt sich der Herausforderung einer erfolgreichen auf das jeweilige Projekt zugeschnittene Projektentwicklung, Erfassung der Auswirkungen und dem Management des Fortschrittes. Erforderlich ist eine international anerkannte Evaluierungs-Strategie, um ein der jeweiligen Situation und den baulichen Begebenheiten angemessenes wissenschaftliches Monitoring zu ermöglichen. Einsatz und Überprüfung von qualitativen und quantitativen wirkungsbezogene Indikatoren zur Erfassung und Bewertung der von den Projektteilnehmern geplanten und umgesetzten Maßnahmen wurden erstmalig mit Eva.S in dem Young Cities Projekt ermöglicht. Mit diesem Vorgehen war gleichzeitig ein “Rating“ mit Noten von 1-10 (1 = sehr gut; 10 = schlecht) der geplanten und vorgenommenen Maßnahmen von Anfang an möglich. Parallel zu den einzelnen Arbeitsabschnitten des Young Cities Projekts wurde mit den Elementen des Eva.S zur ersten Datenerfassung, der Bewertung und schließlich zur Visualisierung in Diagrammen begleitet und ständig in der Rückkopplung über Eva.S Anwendung in fünf Arbeitsschritten optimiert: Datenerfassung, Datenorganisation in Matrizes und Indikatoren Formate, Eingabe in das Eva.S System zum Aufbau einer Datenbank, Überprüfung der Daten durch einen Eva.S “Prozessor“ hinsichtlich der klassischen Qualitäten der Nachhaltigkeit (Ökonomie, Ökologie, Soziales), Bestimmung der projektbezogenen Indikatoren, Monitoring und Entscheidungs-Schleife zur Generierung der Ergebnisse einschließlich “Rating“ und Zielerreichungsgrad sowie Kommunikation der Ergebnisse. Die Projektentwicklung endet nicht mit der Implementation, sondern es findet immer wieder eine Rückkopplung statt hinsichtlich der Evaluierungs- und Monitoringstrategien unter kritisch analytischer Betrachtung der Arbeitsabläufe und des “Ratings“. Im Ergebnis der Bewertung lässt sich ein Handlungsbedarf ableiten. Das Eva.S Evaluierungs-System war im Rahmen des Young Cities Projekts zur projektinternen Evaluierung entwickelt worden. Eva.S wurde aber von Anfang an so gestaltet, dass auch andere Anwendungen und Projekte zu bearbeiten sind. Es wurden erste Probeläufe mit Daten-Sätzen des in sich abgeschlossenen REFINA Projekt zum Flächenmanagement erfolgreich durchgeführt. Die Eva.S Datenbank hat für das Young Cities Projekt 135 Datensätze verteilt auf 26 Dimensions für 3 Handlungsfelder (Field of Actions - FoA) und 25 Arbeitspaketen (Work Packages - WP) verarbeitet und verwaltet. Das Eva.S Evaluierungs-System arbeitet barrierefrei im Open Source / Microsoft Modus, die Daten werden über ein Drop-Down Menu eingespeist. Die Eva.S Projektdaten werden mittels projektspezifischen qualitativen und quantitativen Indikatoren nach den 3 klassischen Säulen der Nachhaltigkeit (Ökonomie, Ökologie, Soziales) bewertet. Der Teil Risikoanalyse im Eva.S Evaluierungs-System wurde in Anlehnung an die Ergebnisse einer MORIX Machbarkeitsstudie entwickelt und in Probeläufen im “feed back“ überprüft und weiter optimiert. Das Eva.S Evaluierungs-System hat ein hohes Potential in der Anwendung als Prüfsystem in der Projektentwicklung, im Projektmanagement und bei der Entwicklung geeigneter Monitoring Strategien. Eva.S ist eine web-basierte Anwendung und hat über eine Internet Adresse http://yc.liebrenz.info/refina/index.php jederzeit einen weltweiten Zugriff zur Daten-Eingabe, Bewertung und Visualisierung. Ein Trainingsprogramm für Anwender von Eva.S aus den Bereichen Projektentwicklung und politischer Entscheidungsfindung ist in Vorbereitung.The evaluation tool Eva.S serves as an instrument for project developer and project participants to handle and present their overall results in a clear and manageable way. Because of the numerous projects and possibilities of Eva.S and its multiple applications and visualization of the processes for interpretation and competent communication to public the indicators values and the investigated evaluation strategy are of significant relevance and acceptance for planning, construction and process orientated monitoring as well as the “grade of achievements” for such projects. The investigated process orientated Indicator values are the fundament for net working, visualization and for understanding of complex systems in project development and success orientated achievements. There are many evaluation and monitoring system on the market like the BNB/DGNB, BREEAM, LEED, African Green City Index (GCI), Asian GCI, European GCI, ESTIDIMA (Pearls), GREEN Pyramids. The newly established Eva.S evaluation tool takes in account most of the pro and contras of all these internationally well accepted concepts. Eva.S represents a challenge as much as a competent opportunity and toolbox for a successful and tailored project development, assessment and management of the progresses. An internationally well accepted evaluation strategy is necessary to enable a relevant, scientific monitoring to capture and assess qualitative and quantitative effects related indicators of the measures planned and/or realized the first time by Eva.S and the Young Cities project. The impact of qualitative and quantitative effect related indicators are rated at the same level. The Young Cities project working phases were attended from the first moment on during data mining, evaluation and finally by visualization of the results by so-called radar diagrams. There are five relevant steps of work flow for managing the data. Starting with data mining and organizing the raw data in matrices and indicator templates. The project specific indicator related data sets are sorted out for feeding the Eva.S evaluation tool for a data check considering the classical criteria for sustainability in the field of economy, ecology and social-cultural aspects by a multi array grid (processor). In a monitoring and decision loop the final results and products as well as strategies are shown for dissemination and rating of the results. The rating system 1-10 (1= best practice; 10= failure) is similar to the common rating tables of international standards to demonstrate in particular the “grade of achievement” of the measures. The development and realization of a project is a process in several distinct project-phases and this will certainly not end with its implementation. Sectorial considerations and therefore possibly inefficient measures in case of changes in the project can be prevented because the presented interaction and feed back effects of the evaluation and monitoring strategy is integrated from the beginning on of the project with the focus on the analysis of work flow and rating checks. The Eva.S evaluation tool was performed by the Young Cities project by the participating project teams in the forum of an internal Evaluation and Monitoring group. From the first beginning on it was designed also for other applications and potential projects and test runs were consequently developed. The first runs were done successfully with data sets of the well known REFINA project and resources consumption management. The Eva.S data bank was serving the Young Cities project by 135 data sets, 3 Fields of Action (FoA) and 25 Work Packages. The Eva.S evaluation tool is operating in Open Source / Mikrosoft Office easy to feed by a Drop-Down menu. The Eva.S project data are evaluated by qualitative and quantitative project specific indicators proved by the classical dimensions of sustainability: socio-cultural quality, economic and ecological quality. The risk analysis part of Eva.S was tested and optimized by a MORIX feasibility study in Real Estate Management (REM) Master Courses. The dynamic and constantly up-dated Eva.S evaluation tool has many potential applications in the field of evaluation and monitoring. Stakeholders are project developer, political decision maker of municipal authorities. Eva.S is from now on present in the internet and offers access world wide: http://yc.liebrenz.info/refina/index.php. There are no barriers and there will be a training and application of Eva.S for legal frame work

Hot spot biomonitoring of marine pollution effects using cholinergic and immunity biomarkers of tropical green mussel (Perna viridis) of the Indonesian waters

Selected biomakers, Cholinesterase (ChE) and phagocytic activities have been investigated with the\ud exposed green mussel Perna viridis in Indonesian coastal waters. An operative effect-based monitoring\ud on two polluted sites and one reference area were investigated for aquaculture enterprises and human\ud health aspects. Between two heavily polluted sites, green mussels from Cilincing indicated a lower level\ud of the ChE activity than those from Kamal Muara. The phagocytic activity of green mussels from the\ud polluted sites demonstrated significant higher activity than that of green mussels from the pristine site,\ud Pangkep. However, there were no significant differences of phagocytic activities between the polluted\ud sites. This might indicate that the existing pollutants in Jakarta Bay were more neurotoxic rather than\ud immonotoxic substances. The results showed clearly that both selected biomarkers were potential\ud valuable tools for effect-based monitoring and pollution impacts in coastal zones of Indonesia

DAHEAN: A Danish nationwide study ensuring quality assurance through real-world data for suspected hereditary anemia patients

Background: Hereditary anemias are a group of genetic diseases prevalent worldwide and pose a significant health burden on patients and societies. The clinical phenotype of hereditary anemias varies from compensated hemolysis to life-threatening anemia. They can be roughly categorized into three broad categories: hemoglobinopathies, membranopathies, and enzymopathies. Traditional therapeutic approaches like blood transfusions, iron chelation, and splenectomy are witnessing a paradigm shift with the advent of targeted treatments. However, access to these treatments remains limited due to lacking or imprecise diagnoses. The primary objective of the study is to establish accurate diagnoses for patients with hereditary anemias, enabling optimal management. As a secondary objective, the study aims to enhance our diagnostic capabilities. Results: The DAHEAN study is a nationwide cohort study that collects advanced phenotypic and genotypic data from patients suspected of having hereditary anemias from all pediatric and hematological departments in Denmark. The study deliberates monthly by a multidisciplinary anemia board involving experts from across Denmark. So far, fifty-seven patients have been thoroughly evaluated, and several have been given diagnoses not before seen in Denmark. Conclusions: The DAHEAN study and infrastructure harness recent advancements in diagnostic tools to offer precise diagnoses and improved management strategies for patients with hereditary anemias

Alternativer Baustoff Holz?

Alternative building material wood? This contribution demonstrates studies concerning the potential of buildings with wood. The question arises, is wood an alternative as a building material for use in timber construction? Buildings with wood are unique by balancing their negative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (see potentials Chapter 2.1.1). The buildings with wood are the directions of the future (DGNB 2021) and a real change in the building sector by mitigation of the global warming potential (CO2 Equivalents). But there are provisions under building law for example fire protection requirements as well as statical calculations in comparison to the solid buildings. The constructed space produces a CO2-Emission of 75% by the Cities (United Nations 2019) and share in a significant portion due to the climate Change. In Germany there is a contingent of 30% CO2 produced by the building sector (BBSR 2020). Therefore, all measures concerning Climate Engineering and their implementations in the building and construction sector aiming for sustainable projects are fighting against the forces of Climate Change. Beside the importance of the forest in sense of a climate sink the social cultural component of the sustainability concerning the background of urgently needed living space in solid constructions (steel, reinforced concrete, brickwork) is of high preference. In expert discussions wood plays a focal point in the sense of an alternative building material. But this should be highlighted in the framework of a comparative Life Cycle to find out if there is an alternative to the conventional building and construction material. The alternative design and building techniques should be proved against the conventional solid construction. Because of the operational demands in land-use areas and building zones concerning new and existing buildings there should be a solu­­­tion by a wooden construction to heighten the building (qualified by a load bearing of the foundation)

Einfluss von Bauwerksbegrünung und Wohnumfeldgrün auf die menschliche Gesundheit

In der Diskussion um gesunde Städte und Stressoren auf die menschliche Gesundheit sowie um die ökologischen Rahmenbedingungen Wohnen und Arbeiten in der Stadt werden oft die übergreifenden Zusammenhänge vernachlässigt. In diesem Kapitel soll gezeigt werden, dass die menschliche Gesundheit durch Begrünung von Bauwerken positiv beeinflusst wird und gleichzeitig resiliente urbane Orte trotz stadtklimatischer Veränderungen entstehen können. Anhand von Beispielen werden die verschiedenen Nutzungsarten von Wohnen und Gewerbe sowie die Dringlichkeit von »weichen« Faktoren für die Realisierung von Bauwerken gezeigt. Es werden Strategien zur Leistungsfähigkeit von Bauwerksbegrünung und zum Monitoring diskutiert. Human Health responses by the greening of buildings and the nearby living environments: There is a discussion concerning healthy cities and stressors on human health as well as ecological frame criteria of urban living. But the overall coherences are missing. The human health and the increasing positive influences of green constructions will be demonstrated in this chapter. There will be changes in urban climate but even then there will occur at the same time resilient urban places. Some examples will be given to analyze living and working spaces concerning so-called »soft indicators« for realization of housing and building. Strategies for »effects monitoring« will be discussed concerning efficiency of constructions and greening

Adverse Effects in Aquatic Ecosystems: Genotoxicity as a Priority Measurement in: Biosensors for the Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Systems - Bioanalytical and Chemical Methods for Endocrine Disruptors

Some chemical substances are capable of modifying genetic material and thereby also damaging it. Aquatic genotoxicity testing represents an important contribution to environmental research today. Sensitive testing methods for practical applications have been developed with reasonable certainty, which allow genotoxic (mutagenic) agents to be discovered in the environment. Risk levels for humans and the environment may be reliably assessed and the resulting consequences predicted

The Use of Selected Biomarkers, Phagocytic and Cholinesterase Activity to Detect the Effects of Dimethoate on Marine Mussel (Mytilus edulis)

Effects of organophosphorous pesticide, dimethoate on blue mussels, Mytilus edulis using selected biomarkers have been studied. Mussels were exposed to serial dilutions of dimethoate, 7.88, 15.75, 31.35, and 63.00 µg/l including positive and negative controls for 14 days. The suppression effects of dimethoate on phagocytic activity significantly occurred at two lowest concentrations of dimethoate (7.88 and 15.75 µg/l), but stimulation effects significantly emerged at the following highest concentrations (31.35 and 63.00 µg/l). The declining tendency of the cholinesterase (ChE) activity (23% lower than the control) appeared when mussels exposed to 7.88 and 15.75 µg/l dimethoate. Moreover, the significant inhibition of the ChE activity occurred at 31.35 µg/l dimethoate exposure. This study suggested that the phagocytic and the ChE activity are useful biomarkers for assessing the affects of organophosporous pesticide, dimethoate on neuro-immune system of blue mussels, M. edulis

Comprehensive Study of the Influence of Altered Gravity on the Oxidative Burst of Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Hemocytes

Microgravity induces alterations in the functioning of immune cell; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been identified. In this study, hemocytes (blood cells) of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis were investigated under altered gravity conditions. The study was conducted on the ground in preparation for the BIOLAB TripleLux-B experiment, which will be performed on the International Space Station (ISS). On-line kinetic measurements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during the oxidative burst and thus cellular activity of isolated hemocytes were performed in a photomultiplier (PMT)-clinostat (simulated microgravity) and in the 1g operation mode of the clinostat in hypergravity on the Short-Arm Human Centrifuge (SAHC) as well as during parabolic flights. In addition to studies with isolated hemocytes, the effect of altered gravity conditions on whole animals was investigated. For this purpose, whole mussels were exposed to hypergravity (1.8 g) on a multi-sample incubator centrifuge (MuSIC) or to simulated microgravity in a submersed clinostat. After exposure for 48 h, hemocytes were taken from the mussels and ROS production was measured under 1 g conditions. The results from the parabolic flights and clinostat studies indicate that mussel hemocytes respond to altered gravity in a fast and reversible manner. Hemocytes (after cryo-conservation) exposed to simulated microgravity (μg), as well as fresh hemocytes from clinorotated animals, showed a decrease in ROS production. Measurements during a permanent exposure of hemocytes to hypergravity (SAHC) show a decrease in ROS production. Hemocytes of mussels measured after the centrifugation of whole mussels did not show an influence to the ROS response at all. Hypergravity during parabolic flights led to a decrease but also to an increase in ROS production in isolated hemocytes, whereas the centrifugation of whole mussels did not influence the ROS response at all. This study is a good example how ground-based facility experiments can be used to prepare for an upcoming ISS experiment, in this case the TRIPLE LUX B experiment