Miljöutredning och miljökommunikation på fordons- och transportprogrammet på Svalöfs gymnasium

The report contains an environmental investigation of the automotive and transportat-ion program on Svalöfs gymnasium and an analysis of the environmental communicat-ion between management, teachers and students. The environmental investigation has been based on the methodology of ISO 14001. The various environment aspects on the automotive and transport program has been identi-fied and then evaluated according to how important they are. Laws and requirements in the environmental field related to the program have also been identified. This is followed by suggestions for environmental goals and action plans that the program could work with to be certified according to ISO 14001. Since it is important for a school to communicate environment issues and environmental work to the students, an analysis of how environmental communication between mana-gement, teachers and students were made. The analysis is based on basic communicat-ion science and research in the field, interviews with management and teachers and a questionnaire that students in the automotive and transport program had to fill in. Some suggestions on how to develop the communication further are also given

Plasmahistaminkoncentration hos hundar med mastocytom

Mastcellerna deltar i kroppens immunförsvar och utsöndrar flera signalsubstanser och hormoner ut i vävnaderna, dessa substanser har sedan olika effekter på kroppens organ. Histamin är en av dessa substanser och utsöndras från mastcellerna vid inflammation eller vid allergiska reaktioner. Kroppen har fyra histaminreceptorer som alla deltar i inflammationssvaret, de kontraherar glatt muskulatur i exempelvis lungor, livmoder och tunntarm, stimulerar bildningen av saltsyra i magsäcken och gör så att vi får de karaktäristiska myggbetten med svullnad och rodnad. Mastocytom, mastcellstumör, är en vanlig form av hudtumör hos hundar, de drabbar framför allt vuxna hundar och vissa raser har en ökad risk att utveckla den här typen av tumör. Riskfaktorer tros vara genetiskt påbrå, tidigare inflammation, kronisk inflammation eller eventuellt en viral infektion. Tumörerna uppstår oftast på bålen och i mellangården samt på extremiteterna. Mastocytom varierar ofta i utseende och kan vara svåra att diagnostisera kliniskt utan att först göra en histopatologisk undersökning. Genom åren har flera olika graderingssystem tagits fram för att underlätta diagnostiseringen, det som användas mest i dag är den histologiska Patnaik-graderingen från 1984. Men det används även andra system så man bör vara noga med att hålla kolla på vilket system olika veterinärer och patologer hänvisar till. Mastocytom har högre histaminvolym än normala mastceller och man har sett att hundar med mastocytom har högre plasmahistaminkoncentration än friska hundar. Man har dock inte kunnat koppla plasmakoncentrationen till vare sig storleken på tumören eller dess celltäthet. En effekt som denna högre koncentration har på drabbade hundar är att de lättare får magsår eftersom histaminet ökar produktionen av saltsyra i magsäcken. Detta behandlar man med så kallade H2-antagonister som hämmar histaminets effekt på magsäckens celler. En studie har även visat att plasmahistaminkoncentrationen hos hundar med mastocytom efter operation av tumören sänktes.Mast cells participate in the body’s immune system and secrete multiple signal substances and hormones into the surrounding tissues, these substances have different effects on the body’s organs. Histamine is one of these substances and it is secreted from mast cells at inflammation or at allergic reactions. The body has four histamine receptors which all participate in the inflammation process, for example they contract smooth muscle cells in the lungs, uterus and small intestine, they stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and gives us the characteristic mosquito bites with the swelling and redness. Mastocytoma, mast cell tumor, is a common form of skin tumor in dogs, it mostly affects adult dogs and certain breeds have a higher risk of developing this type of tumor. Risk factors are thought to include hereditary, previous inflammation, chronic inflammation and possibly viral infections. The tumors usually appear on the trunk, the perineum and on the extremities. Mastocytoma often varies in appearance and can be difficult to diagnose without first making a histopathological examination. Over the years several different grading systems has been developed to ease the diagnosing, the one used mostly today is Patnaik’s system from 1984, but there are several other systems in use so you need to be cautious with what type of system different veterinarians and pathologists refer to. Mastocytoma has a higher histamine volume then normal mast cells and it has been shown that dogs with mastocytoma have a higher plasma histamine concentration than healthy dogs. It has not been possible to link the plasma concentration to either the size of the tumor or its cell density. One effect this high plasma concentration has on dogs is that they more easily develop gastric ulcer because of the increased production of hydrochloric acid caused by the histamine in the stomach. This is treated with H2 receptor antagonists, which inhibits the histamines effect on the stomach cells. One study has shown that plasma histamine concentration in dogs with mastocytoma drops after surgical removal of the tumor

Temperature measurement on pigs – a comparison of infrared measurement of skin and rectal temperature

Under en tidsperiod på tretton veckor mättes temperaturen på tvåhundratjugo suggor och etthundraåttiotre smågrisar i grisningsboxar vid SLUs forskningsanläggning. Vid varje mätningstillfälle mättes rektaltemperatur samt hudtemperatur på tryne, öra, bog, länd och vulva. Varje mätområde på huden mättes tre gånger vid ett mättillfälle, två olika IR-termometrar användes. Detta innebar totalt ettusen etthundra enskilda mätningar på suggor och niohundrafemton mätningar på smågrisar. som samlades in och analyserades avseende korrelation mellan de olika mätområdena på huden och rektaltemperaturen. Det undersöktes även huruvida rektaltemperatur över trettionio grader på suggor kunde upptäckas med den infraröda mätningen, sensitivitet och specificitet undersöktes avseende detta. Försöket gjordes för att utvärdera huruvida IR-termometer är ett alternativ till rektaltermometer för personal inom grisproduktion. Studien utfördes på sådant vis som en anställd inom grisproduktionen antogs skulle utföra mätningen. Det antogs också att personal i grisstallar enbart mäter grisen en gång. För att belysa hur en isolerad mätning kan skilja från en direkt följande mätning gjordes ingen sammanslagning av mätresultat till medelvärden. Viss korrelation med rektaltemperatur sågs vid IR-mätning på tryne (r=0,13), bog (r=0,21) och länd (r=0,16) på suggor. För smågrisar sågs en viss korrelation med rektaltemperatur vid IR-mätning på bog (r=0,16). Sensitiviteten för att upptäcka rektaltemperatur över trettionio grader var låg (Se = 59). Specificiteten var högnär hudtemperaturen med IR termometer var över eller lika med trettiotre grader (Sp = 100). Mätresultaten visar att IR-mätning av hudtemperatur inte är en tillförlitlig metod att identifiera suggor med förhöjd kroppstemperatur, mätningen påverkas för lätt av möjliga felkällor.Over a period of thirteen weeks the temperature of two hundred and twenty sows and one hundred and eighty three piglets in the farrowing crates at SLU's research facility were measured. In each measurement the rectal temperature and skin temperature on the snout, ear, shoulder, lumbar region and vulva was measured. Each area of the skin was measured three times during a measurement and two different infrared thermometers were used. A total of one thousand one hundred individual measurements were made on sows and nine hundred and fifteen measurements were made on piglets. The results were then analyzed to evaluate correlation between the different measured skin areas and rectal temperature. It was also investigated how well the rectal temperature above thirty nine degrees on sows could be detected with the infrared skin temperature, sensitivity and specificity was calculated. The research was conducted to evaluate whether the IR thermometer is an alternative to rectal thermometer for use by staff in pig production. The study was conducted in such a way that a employee in pig production was though to conduct the measuring. It was assumed that the employees only would measure the animal once. To illustrate how a single measurement could differ from a directly followed measuring there were no merger of the measurement results in to means. Some correlation with rectal temperature was observed at infrared measurement on the snout (r=0,13), shoulder (r=0,21) and lumbar region (r=0,16) of sows. There were some correlation with rectal temperature and infrared measurement on the shoulder (r=0,16) on the piglets. The sensitivity to detect a rectal temperature above thirty nine degrees was low (Se = 59). Specificity was high when the skin temperature with infrared thermometer was above och equal to thirty three degrees (Sp = 100). The measurement results show that the infrared measurement of skin temperature is not a reliable method to measure the body temperature of sows. The measuring is too sensitive to possible error sources

A trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) perfusion model approach to elucidate the role of blood removal for lipid oxidation and colour changes in ice-stored fish muscle

Whole body saline-perfused rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was ice-stored for 4\ua0weeks and compared with unwashed/washed minces from unbled and bled trout in terms of rancid odour, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and redness loss. Muscle from saline-perfused fish, which had 72% less total haem, was deficient in rancid odour during the whole storage, while bled (54% less haem) and unbled samples developed rancid odour already after ~4 and 2\ua0days; higher intensity without bleeding. PV/TBARS also developed in the order unbled\ua0>\ua0bled\ua0>\ua0perfused samples; however, PV/TBARS were not as completely prevented as rancid odour after perfusion. Saline washing (3\ua0 7\ua03 volumes) of unbled mince removed 84% haem and yielded the second most stable sample while saline washing (1\ua0 7\ua01 volumes) destabilised unbled mince, despite 64% haem removal. Concurrent antioxidant removal during washing of minces obviously counteracted the effect of blood removal and washing fish mince with small volumes of solution should be used with great care

Public place, female space

The urban population is rapidly expanding and Africa has the fastest growing population in the world. Zanzibar Town is the urban, densely populated area in Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous island state in Tanzania. During the last fifty years, the population has increased by 630% in the city. Due to a combination of lack of planning and adequate infrastructure, extensive areas with informal settlements have developed. This has led to the development of ZanPlan, a comprehensive planning guide for Zanzibar Town. Kihinani is one area pointed out in ZanPlan for further development, due to informal settlements. In informal areas, it is important to provide public space, it creates a sense of community and improves the life quality for the people. In the Zanzibari culture, social life takes place on the streets, but there is a notable difference in how women and men use public space. It is a behaviour firmly rooted in cultural norms, resulting in women spending most of their time at home. The fifth Sustainable Development Goal from the United Nations states that women should have equal participation and involvement in politics, economy and public life. Successful urban planning needs involvement by the local people and women is one group in society which is often ignored in the planning process. The thesis aims to propose a structure plan, with housing, public space and service, for Kihinani and to include women in our planning process. For this, we used the following methods; analysis of ZanPlan, analysis of the site and several different types of interviews with local authorities and women. The information from these methods was analysed and summarised to five strategies, and in conjunction with sketching and discussions, the strategies were used to propose the structure plan for Kihinani. By including women in the planning process, we do not necessarily change the physical outcome of the structure plan. However, the inclusion might make women acknowledging that they can influence planning and this could create a social process where people get more engaged in planning and feel more responsible for their community and neighbourhood. The limited time spent in Zanzibar and our lack of cultural background could have caused gaps in the study. Nevertheless, there are advantages with new viewpoints and this project can work as an inspiration for further planning of Kihinani in the future.Den urbana befolkningen expanderar och Afrika har den snabbast växande befolkningen i världen. Zanzibar Stad är den urbana regionen i Zanzibar, en semi-autonom region i Tanzania. Under de senaste femtio åren har befolkning i Zanzibar Stad ökat med 630 % och i kombination med bristande planering och adekvat infrastruktur har omfattande områden med informella bosättningar utvecklats. Detta har lett till utvecklingen av ZanPlan, ett översiktligt planeringsdokument för Zanzibar stad. Kihinani är ett av de områden som pekas ut i ZanPlan för utveckling som följd av informell bosättning. I informella områden är det viktigt med offentliga rum, de kan skapa samhörighet och förbättra livskvaliteten för invånarna. På Zanzibar sker det sociala livet på gatorna, men det finns en anmärkningsvärd skillnad i hur kvinnor och män använder det offentliga rummet. Det är ett beteende som är grundat i kulturella och strukturella normer, vilket leder till att kvinnor spenderar större delen av sin tid hemma. Det femte globala hållbarhetsmålet från FN fastslår att kvinnor ska ha samma möjligheter till deltagande i politik, ekonomi och offentligt liv. Kvinnor är en grupp i samhället som ofta ignoreras i planeringsprocessen men för en framgångsrik stadsplanering behövs engagemang av lokalbefolkningen, däribland även kvinnor. Denna uppsats syftar till att föreslå en strukturplan innehållande boende, offentliga rum och service för Kihinani, där vi inkluderar kvinnor i vår planeringsprocess. För detta använde vi följande metoder; analys av ZanPlan, analys av området och flera olika typer av intervjuer med lokala myndigheter och kvinnor. Informationen från dessa metoder, tillsammans med resultat från skissarbete och diskussioner, analyserades och sammanfattades i fem strategier som använts för att föreslå gestaltning av en strukturplan för Kihinani. Att inkludera kvinnor i planeringsprocessen förändrade inte nödvändigtvis det fysiska resultatet av strukturplanen. Integreringen kan dock möjliggöra för kvinnor att känna att de kan påverka planeringen och det kan skapa en social process där människor blir mer engagerade i planering och känner sig mer delaktiga i sitt samhälle och grannskap. Med den begränsade tid som spenderades på Zanzibar i kombination med bristen på kulturell förankring kan ha orsakat luckor i studien och det finns risk att vi har bristande förståelse för kulturen, normer och platsen. Det finns dock fördelar med nya infallsvinklar och detta projekt kan fungera som inspiration för framtida planering av Kihinani

Differences in diagnostic patterns of obstructive airway disease between areas and sex in Sweden and Finland-the Nordic EpiLung study

Objective:To investigate the current prevalence of physician-diagnosed obstructive airway diseases by respiratory symptoms and by sex in Sweden and Finland. Method:In 2016, a postal questionnaire was answered by 34,072 randomly selected adults in four study areas: Vastra Gotaland and Norrbotten in Sweden, and Seinajoki-Vaasa and Helsinki in Finland. Results:The prevalence of asthma symptoms was higher in Norrbotten (13.2%), Seinajoki-Vaasa (14.8%) and Helsinki (14.4%) than in Vastra Gotaland (10.7%), and physician-diagnosed asthma was highest in Norrbotten (13.0%) and least in Vastra Gotaland (10.1%). Chronic productive cough was most common in the Finnish areas (7.7-8.2% versus 6.3-6.7%) while the prevalence of physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis (CB) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) varied between 1.7 and 2.7% in the four areas. Among individuals with respiratory symptoms, the prevalence of asthma was most common in Norrbotten, while a diagnosis of COPD or CB was most common in Vastra Gotaland and Seinajoki-Vaasa. More women than men with respiratory symptoms reported a diagnosis of asthma in Sweden and Seinajoki-Vaasa but there were no sex differences in Helsinki. In Sweden, more women than men with symptoms of cough or phlegm reported a diagnosis of CB or COPD, while in Finland the opposite was found. Conclusion:The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and corresponding diagnoses varied between and within the countries. The proportion reporting a diagnosis of obstructive airway disease among individuals with respiratory symptoms varied, indicating differences in diagnostic patterns both between areas and by sex.Peer reviewe

A multimodal brain imaging dataset on sleep deprivation in young and old humans

The Stockholm Sleepy Brain Study I is a functional brain imaging study of 48 younger (20-30 years) and 36 older (65-75 years) healthy participants, with magnetic resonance imaging after normal sleep and partial sleep deprivation in a crossover design. We performed experiments investigating emotional mimicry, empathy for pain, and cognitive reappraisal, as well as resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also acquired T1- and T2-weighted structural images and diffusion tensor images (DTI). On the night before imaging, participants were monitored with ambulatory polysomnography and were instructed to sleep either as usual or only three hours. Participants came to the scanner the following evening. Besides MRI scanning, participants underwent behavioral tests and contributed blood samples, which have been stored in a biobank and used for DNA analyses. Participants also completed a variety of self-report measures. The resulting multimodal dataset may be useful for hypothesis generation or independent validation of effects of sleep deprivation and aging, as well as investigation of cross-sectional associations between the different outcomesNoneManuscrip

Fit to father? Online accounts of lifestyle changes and help-seeking on a male infertility board

The reproductive realm is routinely viewed as a feminised space requiring women’s commitment and labour. By contrast, men’s procreative contributions and ‘reproductive masculinity’ is represented as unproblematic, with men assumed to be fertile across the lifespan. Recent scientific research has, however, cast doubt over these longstanding assumptions, suggesting that a link does exist between ‘lifestyle’ factors and male fertility. The notion that fertility can be improved with effort (for both women and men) can be located within wider cultural and political shifts which construct individuals as increasingly responsible for acting on health messages and engaging in self-disciplining body projects. Through an exploration of ‘lifestyle changes’ within a men’s online infertility discussion forum board, this paper examines how discourses of individualisation healthism and masculinity are reproduced and interlinked. Our thematic analysis indicates that ‘lifestyle work’ is construed as crucial for achieving conception - and as a means to demonstrate men’s commitment to the dyadic goal of parenthood, which in turn may challenge and extend previous notions of ‘reproductive masculinity’