Waltari's A Stranger Came to the Farm: a Comparison of Translation by V. Skalička (1941) and J. P. Velkoborský (2005)

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá porovnáním dvou českých překladů novely Vieras mies tuli taloon od Miky Waltariho. První překlad je dílem Vladimíra Skaličky a vyšel v roce 1941, druhý pochází z pera Jana Petra Velkoborského a byl vydán roku 2005. V teoretické části práce se zaměřuji na autora původního díla a samotný malý román. Představuji v ní také krátce oba české překladatele a teorii překladu. Ve stěžejní části práce přecházím k analýze překladů. Její součástí je problematika názvu díla a jmen, lexikální bohatost překladatelských prací, faktické chyby v interpretacích překladatelů, jejich tvořivost a přístup k doslovnému, respektive volnému převodu informací. Důležitou částí je i to, jaký byl výchozí text v případě Velkoborského. V době, kdy pracoval na svém překladu, existovaly tři zdroje, které využíval: dvě mírně odlišné finské verze a Skaličkův převod do češtiny.This master's thesis deals with the comparison of the two Czech translations of the book A Stranger Came to the Farm by Mika Waltari. The first translation was made by Vladimír Skalička in 1941 and the second one by Jan Petr Velkoborský in 2005. The thesis is divided into two main parts, a theoretical part and an analysis. The purpose of the theoretical part is to introduce the reader to Mika Waltari, both translators and the original book. I also briefly write about the translation theory. The analysis deals with lots of problems. One of them is the translation of the title and names. I am also interested in creativity of the translators, in the lexical richness of the adaptations and in their mistakes as well. I also show the difference in the approach of literal and free translation. Another big problem this thesis deals with is which text was the source for work of Velkoborský, because in his time there were two Finnish versions with small differences in them and also Skalička's interpretation already existed.Ústav germánských studiíInstitute of Germanic StudiesFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Waltari's A Stranger Came to the Farm: a Comparison of Translation by V. Skalička (1941) and J. P. Velkoborský (2005)

This master's thesis deals with the comparison of the two Czech translations of the book A Stranger Came to the Farm by Mika Waltari. The first translation was made by Vladimír Skalička in 1941 and the second one by Jan Petr Velkoborský in 2005. The thesis is divided into two main parts, a theoretical part and an analysis. The purpose of the theoretical part is to introduce the reader to Mika Waltari, both translators and the original book. I also briefly write about the translation theory. The analysis deals with lots of problems. One of them is the translation of the title and names. I am also interested in creativity of the translators, in the lexical richness of the adaptations and in their mistakes as well. I also show the difference in the approach of literal and free translation. Another big problem this thesis deals with is which text was the source for work of Velkoborský, because in his time there were two Finnish versions with small differences in them and also Skalička's interpretation already existed

Materials for description of Inari Sami

This bachelor thesis focuses on Inari Sami, an endangered and lesser-described language spoken by approximately 300 people in Northern Finland. All speakers are bilingual in Finnish. The aim of the thesis is to gather all the available information about the language and based on them provide the materials for elicitation, which are used as the basis for fieldwork and writing the grammar of the Inari Sami language in the future. In purpose of summarizing the so far known grammar of the language linguistic papers, paradigms, vocabularies and corpus are used. The summary of grammar is organized in a logical way in the same pattern as modern descriptive grammars are. The thesis contains several tables and examples with interlinear glosses, that show grammar rules of the language. The thesis also concerns about undescribed categories, which are the goal of the fieldwork in the future. The fieldwork should use the method of reverse translation elicitation, while the contact language is Finnish. This work also contains brief summary of pros and cons of the method of elicitation and in the end illustrates the process of creating the elicitation questionnaire. Each question from the questionnaire is briefly introduced and provided with an interlinear gloss and the explanation of its importance in the..

Risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with Breast cancer

2. Summary Atherosclerosis and cancer are two of the most frequent causes of death in the developed world (Ng et al. 2006). There are a lot of similar risk factors both for atherosclerosis and for cancer (for example age, smoking, high intake of lipids, minimal physical activity leading to obesity and others). Atherosclerosis and cancer activate the immune system (Wachter et al. 1989) and the investigation of ischemic syndrome (often caused by atherosclerosis) contributed to finding some common molecular trails in the development of both of these diseases in last years (Pehrsson et al. 2005). Thanks to the progress in oncology treatment, patients with cancer survive longer, however, it is also very probable that a complex cancer therapy can lead to complications of atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to clarify the influence of breast cancer itself and oncology treatment on atherosclerosis and its complications

Low Concentrated Fractionalized Nanofibers as Suitable Fillers for Optimization of Structural–Functional Parameters of Dead Space Gel Implants after Rectal Extirpation

Dead space after rectal resection in colorectal surgery is an area with a high risk of complications. In this study, our goal was to develop a novel 3D implant based on composite hydrogels enriched with fractionalized nanofibers. We employed, as a novel approach in abdominal surgery, the application of agarose gels functionalized with fractionalized nanofibers on pieces dozens of microns large with a well-preserved nano-substructure. This retained excellent cell accommodation and proliferation, while nanofiber structures in separated islets allowed cells a free migration throughout the gel. We found these low-concentrated fractionalized nanofibers to be a good tool for structural and biomechanical optimization of the 3D hydrogel implants. In addition, this nano-structuralized system can serve as a convenient drug delivery system for a controlled release of encapsulated bioactive substances from the nanofiber core. Thus, we present novel 3D nanofiber-based gels for controlled release, with a possibility to modify both their biomechanical properties and drug release intended for 3D lesions healing after a rectal extirpation, hysterectomy, or pelvic exenteration

Gastrointestinal permeability in ovarian cancer and breast cancer patients treated with paclitaxel and platinum

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Combination of platinum derivatives with paclitaxel is currently the standard front line regimen for patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma, and represents also an active regimen in patients with metastatic breast or unknown primary carcinomas. Measurement of intestinal permeability represents one of the potential methods of noninvasive laboratory assessment of gastrointestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapy, but little is known about intestinal permeability in patients treated with paclitaxel or platinum.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Intestinal permeability was assessed in 36 breast and ovarian cancer patients treated with paclitaxel/platinum combination by measuring, using capillary gas chromatography, urinary sucrose, lactulose, xylose and mannitol after oral challenge. The significance of differences during the therapy compared to pre-treatment values was studied by Wilcoxon paired test. The differences between groups of patient were studied by Mann-Whitney U test. Fisher exact test was used to compare the frequency in different subgroups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After administration of the first dose, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in xylose absorption and increased lactulose/mannitol, sucrose/mannitol, lactulose/xylose and sucrose/xylose ratios were observed, but these parameters returned subsequently to pre-treatment levels. Patients who experienced serious (grade 3 or 4) toxicity had at baseline significantly lower percentages of xylose, mannitol and sucrose, and higher lactulose/mannitol ratio. Nine of 13 (69%) patients with baseline lactulose/mannitol ratio 0.070 or above experienced serious toxicity compared to 4 out of 23 patients (17%) with the ratio below 0.070 (p = 0.002). Post-treatment lactulose, lactulose/mannitol, sucrose/mannitol and lactulose/xylose ratios were significantly increased in patients with serious toxicity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A transient significant increase in lactulose/monosaccharide and sucrose/monosaccharide ratios was observed in ovarian and breast cancer patients treated with paclitaxel and platinum. Increased lactulose absorption, lactulose/mannitol, sucrose/mannitol and lactulose/xylose ratios were evident in patients with grade 3 or 4 toxicity, and increased baseline lactulose/mannitol ratio predicted serious toxicity.</p