Shame as a Predictor of the Guilt of Sexual Offenders in the Correctional Institutions

Studies of shame and guilt have focused more on normal populations and cultural and religious contexts. The study of this topic for a group of subjects who commit crimes is still limited, especially sexual crimes as actions that are considered socially embarrassing. This study focused on examining the relationship of shame with guilt on inmates of sexual crimes (N = 143) who are carrying out sentences in correctional institutions. Shame and guilt are measured using the Guilt and Shame Proneness (GASP) Scale developed by Cohen et al. This study found a significant positive association so that shame can be a predictor of guilt. This study has implications for the importance of correctional institutions providing treatment to increase shame for prisoners of sexual crimes, thereby preventing the re-offense of their crimes

Kesurupan Massal di Sekolah Menengah: Kerasukan Roh Jahat atau Emotional Contagion?

This study aims to explore the phenomenon of mass trance in middle school. Previous studies in trance focused in individual psychological factors and view the trance as psychological disorder (hysteria). Mass trance shows behavior and emotion performed by students through interaction process. Thus, this phenomenon is not only viewed from clinical perspective, but also social psychology explanation. This study used grounded theory by performing interview on 17 informants (students and teachers) in a school with mass trance cases in Jakarta and Tangerang, and analysis on 31 video recordings about the online news on trance cases. The findings show that there are seven categories of factors on mass trance: emotional stimulus, mystical experiences, suggestability, supernatural interpretation, anomalous experience, unconditioned emotional response, and mimicry. Core category analysis shows that mass trance on middle school students indicates emotional contagion with supernatural beliefs nuance.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Agama Islam terhadap Self Control Narapidana di Rutan Kelas IIB Banjarnegara

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa pengaruh pendidikan agama Islam terhadap self control narapidana di Rutan Kelas IIB Banjarenaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 58 narapidana. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian secara statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara pendidikan agama islam terhadap self-control. Pengaruh pendidikan agama islam terhadap self-control sebesar 32% dan 68% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Pengaruh yang dihasilkan bersifat positif, yang artinya semakin tinggi pendidikan agama Islam seseorang, maka akan semakin tinggi self-control narapidana

A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N=10,535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported β=0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported β=0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates

A Many-analysts Approach to the Relation Between Religiosity and Well-being

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported β = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported β = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates

Work Engagement among Prison Officers. The Role of Individual and Organizational Factors in the Polish and Indonesian Penitentiary Systems

The literature on work engagement among prison officers (POs) remains rather scarce, and there are no analyses on the factors determining this phenomenon. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between work engagement, subjective well-being, coping strategies, and organizational factors utilizing the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), and Cantril’s Ladder of Health Scale (CLHS), and involving 312 POs from Poland and 467 POs from Indonesia. Results showed a statistically significant relationship between active coping and work engagement in both groups. Subjective well-being was moderately related to work engagement among Polish POs. Mean work engagement and subjective well-being scores were higher among Indonesian POs. The analyses showed a significant indirect effect of subjective well-being for the relationship between penitentiary unit type, active coping, as well as avoidant behaviors and work engagement in the Polish group. Closed prison officers more often declared higher subjective well-being. Work engagement is a complex psychological phenomenon. There exists a justified need for the analyses to consider personal determinants (e.g., coping strategies) as well as organizational factors related to the POs’ work environment. The literature presents a broad picture of the benefits of studying this phenomenon

Evaluasi Perilaku Kekerasan Narapidana oleh Petugas Pemasyarakatan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan

There have been several violent incidents in the Correctional Unit. One of them in West Sumatra, where the Legal Aid Institute in Padang recorded three cases during the current year in 2019, occurred in Pariaman Class II-B of Correctional Institution. Similar incidents occurred in 2018 in which children in correctional institutions were recorded as experiencing physical, psychic, and sexual violence. The Indonesian Commission for the Protection of Children found that 26.8 percent of children in Special Children’s Prison were victims of violence in 2018. There has been widespread media coverage of officers’ violence and complex correctional problems in the last three years. Based on the literature study and unstructured interviews with correctional officers, several factors cause officers’ violence to prisoners. The following factors are the punitive attitude of correctional officers to prisoners and the lack of human rights knowledge, Standard Minimum Rules (SMR), and correctional officers’ correctional technicalities. In this study, the method used was descriptive qualitative research. Descriptive qualitative research is a form of research that includes a case study of an event. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Case studies are intended to test research questions and problems in which there is no separation of phenomena and context in the spectacle. This study explores the factors that trigger officers to commit violence against correctional inmates. Many things cause violent behavior, such as stress, psychic problems, and soon.Beberapa peristiwa kekerasan terjadi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas). Salah satunya di Sumatera Barat, dimana Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH) di Padang mencatat tiga kasus sepanjang tahun berjalan di tahun 2019, terjadi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Pariaman. Kejadian serupa terjadi pada tahun 2018 di mana anak-anak di lembaga pemasyarakatan tercatat mengalami kekerasan fisik, psikis, dan seksual. Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI) menemukan bahwa 26,8 persen anak-anak di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak merupakan korban kekerasan pada tahun 2018. Ada liputan media yang meluas tentang kekerasan petugas dan masalah pemasyarakatan yang kompleks dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan studi literatur dan wawancara tidak terstruktur dengan petugas pemasyarakatan, beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan petugas terhadap narapidana. Faktor-faktor berikut adalah sikap menghukum petugas pemasyarakatan terhadap narapidana dan kurangnya pengetahuan hak asasi manusia, Standar Minimum Rules (SMR), dan teknis pemasyarakatan. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif merupakan suatu bentuk penelitian yang mencakup studi kasus tentang suatu peristiwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus dimaksudkan untuk menguji pertanyaan dan masalah penelitian dimana tidak ada pemisahan fenomena dan konteks dalam tontonan. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang memicu petugas melakukan kekerasan terhadap warga binaan pemasyarakatan. Banyak hal yang menyebabkan perilaku kekerasan, seperti stres, masalah psikis, dan sebagainya

Integration of spiritual intelligence in modern tools for creativity and innovative thinking using theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ)

The development of creativity and innovation is needed in preparing today’s generations to face challenges in their future. However, the main focus in creativity and innovation development process is on cognitive, affective, imagination and practises (psychomotor) that allow total freedom for individual to present their product. In fact, unfortunately this will make them losing their own direction. Therefore, this article tries to integrate between the development of creativity and innovation with spiritual element, which the vital component and the main guidance for decision making in any innovation process. Indeed, this spiritual element is closely related with one of the basic concepts in Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, (TRIZ) which is ideality. TRIZ has been introduced in Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) since 2017 where this theory proposed four basic concepts in inventive problem solving. The concept of ideality opens up an opportunity for researcher to integrate and prove that the concept is related with the element of spirituality. By inculcate the spiritual element in innovative process, this will eventually lead to the development of spiritual intelligence of God-consciousness, which is one of the core value in UMP. It is also a basic principle to guide our young generation about the real meaning of freedom and at the same time it acts as a main value in developing students’ soft skills. What’s important, this value also will give a good direction in innovation and educate our students to make more effective decision in problem solving process as what is emphasized in this article