Random Evolutionary Dynamics in Predator-Prey Systems Yields Large, Clustered Ecosystems

We study the effect of speciation, i.e. the introduction of new species through evolution into communities, in the setting of predator-prey systems. Predator-prey dynamics is classically well modeled by Lotka-Volterra equations, also when multiple predator and prey species co-exist. The consequences of the emergence of new species in such systems are much less well understood. We find that introducing random evolving species leads to robust ecosystems in which large numbers of species coexist. Crucially, in these large ecosystems an emergent clustering of species is observed, tying functional differences to phylogenetic history

Random Evolutionary Dynamics in Predator-Prey Systems Yields Large, Clustered Ecosystems

We study the effect of speciation, i.e. the introduction of new species through evolution into communities, in the setting of predator-prey systems. Predator-prey dynamics is classically well modeled by Lotka-Volterra equations, also when multiple predator and prey species co-exist. The consequences of the emergence of new species in such systems are much less well understood. We find that introducing random evolving species leads to robust ecosystems in which large numbers of species coexist. Crucially, in these large ecosystems an emergent clustering of species is observed, tying functional differences to phylogenetic history

Equalizing the Cost of Health Insurance

The Dutch government compensates health insurance companies when insuringindividuals who are estimated to have high health care costs. This is necessaryto avoid insurers not offering services to certain groups or not providing themwith a high quality of service. It is, however, unknown to what extent thedifferences in health care expenses by different groups of people are truly due toa poorer or better health status. We explore several statistical approaches thatfacilitate explaining the cause of these differences

Equalizing the Cost of Health Insurance

The Dutch government compensates health insurance companies when insuring individuals who are estimated to have high health care costs. This is necessary to avoid insurers not offering services to certain groups or not providing them with a high quality of service. It is, however, unknown to what extent the differences in health care expenses by different groups of people are truly due to a poorer or better health status. We explore several statistical approaches that facilitate explaining the cause of these differences

Equalizing the Cost of Health Insurance

The Dutch government compensates health insurance companies when insuring individuals who are estimated to have high health care costs. This is necessary to avoid insurers not offering services to certain groups or not providing them with a high quality of service. It is, however, unknown to what extent the differences in health care expenses by different groups of people are truly due to a poorer or better health status. We explore several statistical approaches that facilitate explaining the cause of these differences