Genetic structure and demographic history of the endemic Mediterranean scallop Pecten jacobaeus inferred from mitochondrial 16s DNA sequence analysis

Estructura genética e historia demográfica de la vieira endémica del Mediterráneo Pecten jacobaeus inferidas a partir del análisis de la secuencia del ADN mitocondrial que codifica la subunidad 16S del ARNr Con vistas a implementar un plan de gestión para las especies cuyas poblaciones están menguando, es fundamental comprender la estructura genética de dichas poblaciones. En el caso de Pecten jacobaeus, los estudios genéticos previos se han limitado a analizar poblaciones situadas en el Mediterráneo occidental (España) y en el mar Adriático (Italia). Para comprobar la presencia de discontinuidades filogeográficas entre las dos cuencas del Mediterráneo, hemos estudiado la variabilidad del gen mitocondrial del ARNr 16S en dos poblaciones de la cuenca oriental (Túnez y Grecia) y la hemos analizado junto con la de las mencionadas anteriormente. Las dos poblaciones estudiadas recientemente compartieron los haplotipos más frecuentes con las otras y no se encontraron indicios de que exista una discontinuidad filogeográfica. Se observó un grado menor de variabilidad genética en relación con el Mediterráneo occidental en las poblaciones del Adriático y el Egeo, pero no en Túnez. Las diferencias significativas observadas cuando se agruparon los datos sobre las frecuencias haplotípicas indicaron la existencia de una cierta diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones de Chioggia (Italia) y Vouliagmeni (Grecia) y las de las otras poblaciones.Understanding the genetic population structure of species going through population decline is primordial in implementing a management plan. In the case of Pecten jacobaeus, previous genetic studies have been limited to populations in the western Mediterranean (Spain) and the Adriatic Sea (Italy). To check the presence of phylogeographic breaks between the two Mediterranean basins, we scored the variability of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene in two populations from the eastern basin (Tunisia and Greece) and pooled them with those cited above. The two newly analyzed populations shared the most frequent haplotypes with the other populations and showed no evidence of phylogeographic breaks. We found lower levels of genetic variability in the Adriatic and the Aegean populations, but not in Tunisia, with respect to the Western Mediterranean. Significant differences in pooled haplotype frequencies indicated some genetic differentiation between the pooled Chioggia and Vouliagmeni populations and the other pooled populations.Estructura genética e historia demográfica de la vieira endémica del Mediterráneo Pecten jacobaeus inferidas a partir del análisis de la secuencia del ADN mitocondrial que codifica la subunidad 16S del ARNr Con vistas a implementar un plan de gestión para las especies cuyas poblaciones están menguando, es fundamental comprender la estructura genética de dichas poblaciones. En el caso de Pecten jacobaeus, los estudios genéticos previos se han limitado a analizar poblaciones situadas en el Mediterráneo occidental (España) y en el mar Adriático (Italia). Para comprobar la presencia de discontinuidades filogeográficas entre las dos cuencas del Mediterráneo, hemos estudiado la variabilidad del gen mitocondrial del ARNr 16S en dos poblaciones de la cuenca oriental (Túnez y Grecia) y la hemos analizado junto con la de las mencionadas anteriormente. Las dos poblaciones estudiadas recientemente compartieron los haplotipos más frecuentes con las otras y no se encontraron indicios de que exista una discontinuidad filogeográfica. Se observó un grado menor de variabilidad genética en relación con el Mediterráneo occidental en las poblaciones del Adriático y el Egeo, pero no en Túnez. Las diferencias significativas observadas cuando se agruparon los datos sobre las frecuencias haplotípicas indicaron la existencia de una cierta diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones de Chioggia (Italia) y Vouliagmeni (Grecia) y las de las otras poblaciones

Clases de lípidos y composición de ácidos grasos en dos copépodos parásitos Peroderma cylindricum y Lernaeocera lusci y sus respectivos peces hospedadores Sardina pilchardus y Merluccius merluccius de aguas tunecinas

The present study investigates the detailed lipid classes and their fatty acid (FA) compositions from two parasitic copepods Lernaeocera lusci and Peroderma cylindricum and their respective fish host species Merluccius merluccius and Sardina pilchardus. The lipid classes, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), triacylglycerol (TAG), wax ester/cholesterol ester (WE/CE), mono-diacylglycerol (MDG), and free fatty acids (FFA) were separated by thin layer chromatography. The results revealed that TAG and PC were the major lipid classes in parasites; while WE/CE and PS were the most abundant in hosts. As for FA composition, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were recurrently found to be dominant in all lipid classes of the different organisms studied. However, some differences concerning the abundance and the distribution of several FAs were observed. Overall, the obtained results highlighted that despite the quite strong trophic connection between the parasites and their respective hosts, the parasites could be distinguished by specific lipid profiles.El presente estudio investiga en detalle las clases de lípidos y sus composiciones de ácidos grasos (AG) de dos copépodos parásitos Lernaeocera lusci y Peroderma cylindricum y sus respectivas especies de peces hospedadores Merluccius merluccius y Sardina pilchardus. Las clases de lípidos incluyen fosfatidilcolina (FC), fosfatidiletanolamina (FE), fosfatidilserina (FS), fosfatidilinositol (FI), triacilgliceroles (TAG), ceras/ésteres de colesterol (C/EC), mono-diacilglicerol (MDG) y ácidos grasos libres (AGL), que fueron separados mediante cromatografía en capa fina. Los resultados mostraron que TAG y FC eran las principales clases de lípidos en los parásitos, mientras que C/EC y FS eran las más abundantes en los hospedadores. En cuanto a la composición de AG, se encontró de forma recurrente que C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n-9, C20:5n-3 y C22:6n-3 eran dominantes en todas las clases de lípidos de los diferentes organismos estudiados. Sin embargo, se observaron algunas diferencias en cuanto a la abundancia y distribución de varios AGs. En general, los resultados obtenidos destacaron que a pesar de la fuerte conexión trófica entre los parásitos y sus respectivos hospedadores, los parásitos podían distinguirse por perfiles de lípidos específicos

Reverse Docking on Five Original PPO Structures: Plant, Bacterial, and Human

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase has known remarkable interest in biochemical studies, it is considered a perfect target for the development of new herbicides. PPO herbicides have been developed for more than forty years, and research on this enzyme remains until today, to find new more effective herbicides. In this work, we investigated the inhibitory activity of a compound derived from N-phenylphthalimide with the highest inhibitory activity among a series of 29 molecules, on five PPO structures from various origins, including Plant origin, bacterial, and human, we have based on Reverse Docking, to know the affinity between the inhibitor and the five targets, and the different ligand-receptor interactions. As well as Molecular Dynamics. Interesting results have been obtained, which may help us to discover new targets concerning herbicides

Cambios en el perfil de ácidos grasos del músculo de Holothuria forskali tras una exposición aguda a mercurio

The present study aimed to document the interaction between mercury (Hg), as a model chemical stressor to an aquatic organism, and Fatty acid (FA) profile in the longitudinal muscle of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali. To assess the sensitivity of this species to the toxic effects of Hg, young H. forskali were exposed to gradual doses of Hg (40, 80 and160 µg·L-1) for 96 h. The results showed that following Hg exposure, the FA profile of H. forskali corresponded to an increase in the level of saturated fatty acids, and the decrease in the level of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The most prominent changes in the FA composition were recorded at the lowest dose with noticeable decreases in linoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels and an increase of docosahexaenoic acid. The occurrence of a state of oxidative stress induced by Hg contamination was evidenced by the enhanced levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide. Overall, the low concentration of mercury exerted the most obvious effects on lipid metabolism, suggesting that changes in fatty acid composition may be act as an early biomarker to assess mercury toxicity in this ecologically and economically important species.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar la interacción entre el mercurio (Hg), como modelo de estresor químico para el organismo acuático, y el perfil de ácidos grasos (FA) en el músculo longitudinal del pepino de mar Holothuria forskali. Para evaluar la sensibilidad de esta especie a los efectos tóxicos del Hg, los juveniles de H. forskali fueron expuestos a dosis graduales de Hg (40, 80 y 160 µg·L-1) durante 96 h. Los resultados mostraron que después de la exposición al Hg, el perfil de FA de H. forskali respondió con una tendencia direccional anclada por el aumento en el nivel de ácidos grasos saturados y la disminución en el nivel de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados. Los cambios más prominentes en la composición de AG se registraron a la dosis más baja con una disminución notable en los niveles de ácido linoleico, araquidónico y eicosapentaenoico frente a un aumento de ácido docosahexaenoico. La aparición de un estado de estrés oxidativo inducido por la contaminación con Hg se puso de manifiesto por el aumento en los niveles de malondialdehído, peróxido de hidrógeno e hidroperóxido de lípidos. En general, la concentración más baja de mercurio ejerció efectos más obvios sobre el metabolismo de los lípidos, lo que sugiere que los cambios en la composición de los ácidos grasos pueden actuar como un biomarcador anterior para evaluar la toxicidad del mercurio en esta especie de importancia ecológica y económica

The mathematical analysis of a syntrophic relationship between two microbial species in a chemostat

A mathematical model involving a syntrophic relationship between two populations of bacteria in a continuous culture is proposed. A detailed qualitative analysis is carried out as well as the analysis of the local and global stability of the equilibria. We demonstrate, under general assumptions of monotonicity which are relevant from an applied point of view, the asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium point which corresponds to the coexistence of the two bacteria. A syntrophic relationship in the anaerobic digestion process is proposed as a real candidate for this model

Composición en ácidos grasos de fosfolípidos y triacilgliceroles de la carne del salmonete gris de labios gruesos (Chelon labrosus) que vive en agua geotérmica y agua de mar tunecina: un estudio comparativo

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of rearing conditions on the composition of different phospholipid (PLs) classes and triacylglycerols (TAG) of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus), a muscle originating from seawater and geothermal water. The major fatty acids in the examined lipid classes of the two fish groups were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The analyses demonstrated that the fatty acid profiles of the PL classes in the seawater fish group were characterized by the predominance of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). By contrast, in geothermal fish, the distribution of PUFA series proportions differed between the phospholipid fractions. It was found PUFA n-3 was particularly abundant in PS and PI, while the n-6 series dominated the PC and PE PUFA group. Nonetheless, it was found that neutral lipid fatty acids were characterized by saturated fatty acids (SFA) followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the seawater fish and by PUFA in the geothermal fish. The results presented here give useful information on the role of lipid classes in the physiological adaptation of C. labrosus which can serve for the optiminzation of these aquaculture systems.Este estudio se llevó a cabo para dilucidar los efectos de las condiciones de cría sobre la composición de diferentes clases de fosfolípidos (PL) y triacilgliceroles (TAG) del músculo de salmonetes de labios gruesos (Chelon labrosus) procedentes de agua de mar y de agua geotérmica. Los principales ácidos grasos en las clases de lípidos examinados de los dos grupos de peces fueron, palmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0), oleico (C18:1n-9), linoleico (C18:2n-6), araquidónico (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoico (C20:5n-3) y ácido docosahexaenoico (C22:6n-3). Las determinaciones mostraron que los perfiles de ácidos grasos de los PL, en el grupo de peces de agua de mar, se caracterizaron por el predominio de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 (PUFA). Por el contrario, en los peces geotérmicos, la distribución de las proporciones de las series de PUFA difirió entre las fracciones de fosfolípidos. Se encontró que los PUFA n-3 eran particularmente abundantes en PS y PI, mientras que la serie n-6 dominaba el grupo de PUFA PC y PE. No obstante, se encontró que en lipidos neutros, los mayoritarios son los ácidos grasos saturados (SFA) seguidos de los ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (MUFA) en el pescado de agua de mar y los PUFA en el pescado geotérmico. Los resultados actuales brindan información útil sobre el papel de las clases de lípidos en la adaptación fisiológica de C. labrosus que puede servir para la optimización de estos sistemas de acuicultura

Dielectric and relaxation studies in hydrothermal processed PLZT ceramics

(Pb1-yLay)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PLZTy) powders were prepared using hydrothermal process and their structural and dielectric properties investigated. Increasing La content is shown to enhance crystallization of the raw samples and to transform the average symmetry to tetragonal one in the calcined ones. Two anomalies are observed on the real part of the permittivity on the sample with y = 0.03, at a relatively high temperatures (~ 180 °C, ~ 260 °C). The latter was interpreted as a transition from ferroelectric-rhombohedral phase to ferroelectric-quadratic phase. A quadratic law in temperature was used to study the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of the samples showing the relaxation phenomenon and values of the fitting parameters such as the diffuseness parameter were calculated and discussed.(Pb1-yLay)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PLZTy) powders were prepared using hydrothermal process and their structural and dielectric properties investigated. Increasing La content is shown to enhance crystallization of the raw samples and to transform the average symmetry to tetragonal one in the calcined ones. Two anomalies are observed on the real part of the permittivity on the sample with y = 0.03, at a relatively high temperatures (~ 180 °C, ~ 260 °C). The latter was interpreted as a transition from ferroelectric-rhombohedral phase to ferroelectric-quadratic phase. A quadratic law in temperature was used to study the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of the samples showing the relaxation phenomenon and values of the fitting parameters such as the diffuseness parameter were calculated and discussed

Deep Learning Based Semantic Segmentation for BIM Model Generation from RGB-D Sensors

RGB-D sensors offer a low-cost and promising solution to streamline the generation of BIM models. This paper introduces a framework designed to automate the creation of detailed and semantically rich BIM models from RGB-D data in indoor environments. The framework leverages advanced computer vision and deep learning techniques to overcome the challenges associated with traditional, labour-intensive BIM modeling methods. The results show that the proposed method is robust and accurate, compared to the high-quality statistic laser scanning TLS. Indeed, 58% of the distances measured between the calculated and the reference point cloud produced by TLS were under 5 cm, and 82% of distances were smaller than 7 cm. Furthermore, the framework achieves 100% accuracy in element extraction. Beyond its accuracy, the proposed framework significantly enhances efficiency in both data acquisition and processing. In contrast to the time-consuming process associated with TLS, our approach remarkably reduces the data collection and processing time by factor of height. This highlights the framework’s substantial improvements in accuracy and efficiency throughout the BIM generation workflows, making it a streamlined and time-effective solution

3D-QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and ADMET study of bioactive compounds against candida albicans

Candida albicans has developed significant levels of resistance to traditional antifungals, posing a danger to world health. In this research, the potential inhibitory of a class of twenty-five triazole molecules revealed an activity against candida albicans was addressed by using the three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship approach. The reliable models developed by CoMFA and CoMSIA/SEA exhibited high values of Q2 (0.620 and 0.733) respectively, and notable values of R2 (0.840 and 0.890) respectively. CoMFA and CoMSIA/SEA contour maps bring a set of information that may be invested to identify the key sites that have an important influence on the candida albicans activity. These findings lead us to design four new triazole compounds with good predicted activity. The new triazole molecules were undergone to in-depth study by assessing their oral bioavailability and toxicity using in silico ADMET prediction. The new molecules T1, T2 and T3 exhibited good properties in terms of numerous pharmacokinetics parameters as absorption, BBB penetration and toxicity. In addition, molecular docking was conducted to identify the types and mode of interactions between triazole ligands and the receptors. The reached findings appeared the high stability of the new triazole scaffolds at the active site of the receptor (PDB code: 2Y7L). The molecule T1 which is exhibited good stability in the active pocket of the receptor was further subjected to a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using 20 ns in order to scrutinize the protein's comparative conformational dynamics following ligand binding. MD simulation for 20 ns reveals promising results for the molecule T1

in silico studies of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole with amide functionality antimicrobial evaluation against Escherichia coli using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and ADMET properties

E. coli are microbes responsible for the development of urinary tract cancer in women, therefore, the discovery of new antimicrobial agents by computer chemistry allows to improve and provide the new compounds with antimicrobial activity, it is necessary to carry out a 3D-QSAR (quantitative three-dimensional structure-activity) study of antimicrobial analogues to study the validity of this study by statistical parameters. We established the 3D-QSAR model from the comparative analysis of the molecular field (CoMFA)and the comparative analysis of molecular similarity indices (CoMSIA), The most tabular modulus of which is obtained by the CoMFA model (Q2=0,71; R2=0.98; R=0.97) and the best comparative model of acceptor and hydrophobic molecular similarity indices (CoMSIA /AH) (Q2=0.69; R2 = 0.96; R =0.94). To test the validity of the two models, we need to compute the SEE, t-F and their y-randomization for the training set, and the parameters of k. Roy de A. Golbraikh, A. Tropsha for the test set. The CoMFA model analysis shows that the activity of the antimicrobial molecules in our study is influenced by the steric effect and by the acceptor effect of hydrogen for the CoMSIA/AH model, in particular the molecular docking results we show that the interest of amino acids has a direct influence on antimicrobial activity, based on this result we have proposed 4 molecules with antimicrobial activity. These molecules are tested by analyzing their ADMET properties and their drug similarity