The Evaluation of Master Theses in MATLAB Software Tool: Fuzzy Approach Makes Sense

The aim of conducted investigation was to evaluate defined objectives, presented materials and methods and interpretation of results in student’s master theses in order to assess their scientific contribution. Firstly, evaluation was performed by using the traditional methodology and fuzzy evaluation was then conducted in a Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. Obtained values from two levels of evaluation were generally compared. Results indicate that fulfilment of defined criteria of evaluation is moderate. Evaluation mark in classical approach was higher in most cases but fuzzy approach showed some advantages. The criteria fulfilment for the logical-mathematical argumentation, as a prerequisite for the analysis of scientific results, showed its paramount importance in the process of classical and fuzzy evaluation as well

Classical and Fuzzy Logic Evaluation of Students' Master Theses in Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox Software: Dealing with Subjectivity in Human Reasoning

The two−level evaluation of defined objectives, presented materials and methods and interpretation of results in master theses was done, in order to estimate their scientific contribution and statistical relevance. First level of evaluation was performed using classical methods and consisted of three steps: defining criteria of evaluation, analyzing their fulfilment and positioning 26 master theses into the Likert−type scale in the range from 0 to 1. Second level of evaluation was based on fuzzy logic methodology, conducted mostly in Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox software and consisted of definition of variables, fuzzification, fuzzy inference, defuzzification and interpretation. Obtained marks from two levels of evaluation were than compared. Results indicate that fulfilment of defined criteria of evaluation is moderate. Common mistakes made by authors are accentuated, and clear advices for improving scientific contribution of theses were pointed out here. Classical evaluation marks were higher in 96.15% cases (or 25 out of 26 theses). However, fuzzy approach has advantages, which is also discussed. The interpretation of research results, defined as logical−mathematical argumentation, was found to have the leading role in forming mark in both levels of evaluation

Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Overwintering Under Different Sowing Densities

Wheat overwintering ability affects the final number of plants that are able to continue their growth and development when necessary conditions are established. This research was conducted to study the overwintering ability of winter wheat cultivars (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) under different sowing densities during 2013/14 and 2014/15 in agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. Standard agronomic practices for winter wheat were performed. Wheat cultivars were sown manually, under sowing densities with different seed arrangements: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588, and 604 seeds m-2. Counting of wheat plants in both examined years was carried out in the second decade of February. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3, while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The average overwintering plants percentage for all three examined wheat cultivars was 50.06%. Sowing density of 588 seeds m-2 stands out as the density with a tendency of the highest percentage of overwintering plants in both years

The Rate of Productive Tillers per Plant of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities

The aim of this two‒year research was to determine the rate of productive tillers per plant of different winter wheat cultivars under different sowing densities in the agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka wheat cultivars were sown at eight different sowing densities: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588 and 604 seeds m-2. The experiment was set up in the open field, and each wheat cultivar was sown at different sowing density in four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3 while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved for the winter wheat cultivar NS 40S (2.29). The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved at sowing density of 384 seeds m-2 and the lowest at sowing density of 588 seeds m-2

Variability of Number of Spikes per Unit Area and Grain Yield Effected by Different Sowing Densities оf Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The sowing density of wheat is important for expression of number of spikes per unit area, grain yield as well as other yield components. The aim of this work is investigation of variability of grain yield and number of spikes per unit area influenced by different sowing densities under different environmental conditions. Three wheat genotypes NS 40, Prima and Nova Bosanka were studied at seven different sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds m-2) with four replications on experimental plot of one m2 on field experiment in agro‒ecological conditions of Banja Luka during two successive growing seasons. In all studied wheat cultivars, the lowest number of spikes m-2 and the lowest grain yield were found on variant of lowest sowing density (384 seeds m-2), while the highest number of spikes m-2 and the highest grain yield were found on variant of 588 seeds m-2 in both years. The wheat genotype NS 40S had the highest number of spikes m-2, while Nova Bosanka had the lowest at all variants of sowing densities in both years. Mainly, at all variants of sowing densities, the highest values of analyzed traits were expressed in first year of experimental investigation. Depending of year and variant of sowing density the highest grain yield were found in NS 40 and Prima, while the lowest grain yield had Nova Bosanka in both years of experiment. In general, the recommended wheat sowing rates should be confirmed in the specific area of production and for the specific genotype

Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield Components in Agro–ecological Conditions of Banja Luka Region

Due to its numerous agricultural and industrial purposes, oilseed rape is a very important species. The total production of oilseed rape in the Republic of Srpska is faced with noticeable variation throughout years, with an increase in last three years. The oilseed rape yield is strongly influenced by environmental factors. The objective of this study was to analyze yield components of oilseed rape in agro–ecological conditions of Banja Luka. Four oilseed rape hybrids were used: PR46W21, PR46W20, PR46W14 and PR45DO3 in two growing seasons: 2012/13 and 2013/14. Yield components tested were: pod mass (g), seed mass per pod (g), pod index (%), number of seeds per pod and 1000–seed weight (g). Factorial 2×4 ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test were used to analyze data, with growing seasons (years) and hybrids as factors. Growing season significantly affected the pod mass (g), total seed mass per pod (g) and 1000–seed weight. Generally, higher yield component values were obtained in the second examined year (2013/14)

The Spike Characteristics of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties in Agro–Ecological Conditions of Banja Luka Region

The aim of this study was to analyze the spike length, number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike of winter wheat in agro–ecological conditions of Banja Luka at different sowing densities. Three winter wheat varieties (NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka) were examined at seven sowing densities (384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 588 and 604 seeds/m2) in two growing seasons (2013/14 and 2014/15). Experimental design was a completely random system with four replications. In all wheat varieties, sowing was carried out from the 6th to 8th November in 2013/14 and from the 3rd to 5th November in 2014/15. Sampling of plants was done in the first decade of July in both experimental years. Factorial ANOVA 2×8×3 and LSD‒test were performed, with year, sowing density and variety as main factors. For different varieties, the average number of grains per spike ranged from 34.53 to 38.19 while the average grain weight per spike (g) ranged from 1.58 to 1.73 g. The spike length ranged from 7.58 to 8.20 cm for varieties with statistically significant interaction effect variety × year at P ≤ 0.01. Spike parameters were generally higher in the second experimental year (2014/15)

Spelt (Triticum spelta L.) Genotypes from the Western Balkan Countries

The yield components participate in the formation of the overall yield and vary within the genotype and environmental factors. The aim of this research was to evaluate yield components of spelt genotypes originating from different Western Balkan countries. Spelt genotypes were examined during two growing seasons 2015/16 and 2016/17 in the agro-ecological conditions of Banja Luka. Nine spelt genotypes were used, i.e. landrace Sitnica from Manjača mountain (the Republic of Srpska, B&H), seven Montenegrin landraces KP34LJ5-1/34 (SP1), KR16LJ5-1/16 (SP2), KR29LJ5-1/29 (SP3), KR12LJ5-1/12 (SP4), KR15LJ5-1/15 (SP5), LJ5-1/9 (SP6), KR20LJ5-1/20 (SP7) and cultivar Nirvana from Serbia. Standard production practices were applied for these spelt genotypes. Five traits were analyzed: the number of spikes m-2, plant height, spike length, the number of grains spike-1 and spike index. A two-factorial analysis of variance was performed and significant differences between treatment means were tested by the Fisher's LSD test at P≤0.05 and P≤0.01 significance level. Genotypes SP4 (140.38 cm), SP5 (138.82 cm), Sitnica (137.66 cm) and SP6 (135.65 cm) showed tendency of forming a relatively higher plants. Sitnica had the longest spikes (14.07 cm), while Montenegrin genotypes had relatively shorter spikes of 6.79 cm on average. Genotypes SP2, SP4, SP5, SP6 and SP7 obtained the highest number of grains per spike while the highest average spike index was obtained in SP7 (0.81)

Morphological Characteristics of Two-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum ssp. distichum L.) Landraces Originating from Herzegovina

Barley is a small grain cereal, tolerant to high temperatures and drought. Due to this characteristic, it can be regarded as a promising crop for production in dry conditions. Research on five spring landraces of two-rowed barley lasted two experimental years (2011 and 2012) in agro-ecological conditions of Banja Luka. In the experiment, the standard cropping practices were applied, without irrigation. The experiment was set as a complete randomized design with four replications. All measurements were performed in 10 plants per replication. Morphological characteristics included plant height (cm), spike length (cm), grain number per spike and grain weight per spike (g). Obtained data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance with landrace and growing season as main factors. Significant treatment or interaction effects were further analysed by Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test, often utilized for pairwise comparisons among arithmetic means. In all tested traits the maximum average values were obtained in barley landrace AM2, i.e. the plant height (86.89 cm), the spike length (8.90 cm), the grain number per spike (24.74) and the grain weight per spike (1.17 g). Due to these facts, two-rowed barley landrace AM2 can be marked as the most productive in this research, bearing a potential for different crop breeding practices

Uticaj insekticida na ukupan procenat napada Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn kod hibrida kukuruza

The objective of the paper was to determine the effect of insecticides on the development of the European corn borer (Ostinia nubilalisHbn) and the effect of damage in six maize hybrids of different maturity groups. The research involved the following hybrids: ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 555, ZP 600, ZP 606 and ZP 666. In the field trial, insecticides were applied in two terms, during the flight of O. nubilalisfirst generation and during theflight ofsecondO. nubilalisgeneration. We used Fobos EC insecticide and a combination of Match 050 EC + Nurelle D insecticides, whose active substances are different. The active substance in Fobos EC insecticide is bifenthrin 100 g l-1, in Match 050 EC lufenuron 50 g l-1 and, in Nurelle D insecticide, the active ingredient is a combination of chlorpyrifos 500 g l-1and cypermethrin 50 g l-1. The damageinflicted on plants was assessed in July and September. Fobos insecticide had the best plant protection effect, after its use, the arithmetic mean of the total attack percentage of all hybrids was approximately 81.62% while in the control group, it was approximately 91.72%.Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi efekat insekticida na razvoj kukuruznog moljca (Ostinia nubilalisHbn) i efekat oštećenja u šest hibrida kukuruza razliĉitih grupa zrenja. Istraţivanje je obuhvatilo sledeće hibride ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 555, ZP 600, ZP 606 i ZP 666. U ogledu, insekticidi su primenjeni u dva termina i to: u vreme leta prve generacije O. nubilalisi posle toga u vreme letenja druge generacije O. nubilalis. U istraţivanjima su korišćeni insekticidi: Fobos EC insekticid i kombinacija insekticida Match 050 EC + Nurelle D ĉije su aktivne supstance razliĉite. Aktivna supstanca kod insekticida FobosEC je bifentrin 100 g l-1, kod Match 050 EC je lufenuron 50 g l-1, a kod insekticida Nurelle D aktivna supstanca je kombinacija hlorpirifos 500 g l-1i cipermetrin 50 g l-1. Ocena oštećenja na biljkama je vršena u julu i septembru u godini eksperimenta. Insekticid Fobos je imao nabolji efekat zaštite biljaka. Ustanovljen je najbolji efekat Fobosa u zaštiti biljaka, posle ĉije primene je nadjeno oštećenje kod 81.62% proseĉno za sve hibride, što je znaĉajno razliĉito od napada kukuruznog plamenca na kontrolnoj varijanti, bez upotrebe insekticida, na kojoj je nadjeno 91,72% napadnutih biljaka proseĉno za sve hibride. U analizi tretmana insekticidima, najniţi ukupni napad je nadjen kod ZP 434 hibrida i to 77,12% napadnutih biljaka posle tretmana Fobos (I-1); dok je najveći ukupni napad (88.55%) nadjen kod ZP 555 hibrid posle tretmana Match + Nurelle (II-1). U proseku primena insekticida u vreme prve generacije napada je bila efikasnija nego primena insekticida u vreme razvijene druge generacije kukuruznog plamenca (Ostrinia nubilalis). Intenzitet napada prve generacije kukuruznog plamenca, je bio najniţi kod ZP 666 hibrida (13,07%) u varijanti primenjenog insekticida Fobos (I-1), dok je najviši u ZP 427 hibrida -35.54%. Napad druge generacije je bio najmanjeg intenziteta kod ZP 434 hibrida (43,24%), a najviša u ZP 666 hibrida (68,62%) posle tretmana sa insekticidom Fobos (I-1). Proseĉno za sve hibride najveći intenzitet napada u vreme prve, kao i u vreme druge generacije kukuruznog plamenca je ustanovljen u kontrolnoj varijanti (bez tretmana insekticidom) koji je bio veći u odnosu intenzitet napada na tretiranim varijantama sa insekticidom. Na kontrolnoj varijanti, intenzitet napada ocenjen u vreme prve generacije O. nubilalisje vrarirao u rasponu od najvećeg kod ZP 606 hibrida (69.29%), do najmanjeg kod ZP 434 hibrida (64.36% ), dok je u vreme druge generacije intenzitet napada varirao u rasponu od najvećeg kod ZP 666 hibrida (26,93%) do najmanjeg kod kod ZP 555 hibrida (23.9%)