Henri Temianka Correspondence; (haig)

This collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/3571/thumbnail.jp

Dermestes maculatus and periplaneta Americana: bone modification criteria and establishing their potential as climatic indicators

A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2012Various insect taxa are known to modify bone with their mandibles, including members of the orders of Dermestidae, Tenebrionidae, Calliphoridae, Tineidae and Termitidae. Despite bone modification being a known behavioural trait of many of these taxa, little work has been done to record the distinctive ways in which they modify the bone surface, and a lack of concise descriptions of modification suites inhibits decisive identification and interpretation. The most widely inferred causal agents in palaeontological literature are either termites or dermestid beetles, whilst cockroaches as potential bone modifying agents have not yet been considered. The primary aims of this investigation were to establish whether or not cockroaches and dermestids modify bone, and if so in what ways, develop an interpretative framework to aid future researchers in the identification and differentiation between the variously reported agents of bone modifications, test whether or not the agents will modify bone of varying densities (thin cortical, thick cortical, compact and cancellous bone) or in a particular state of preservation/condition (fresh, dry, weathered or fossilised), and investigate whether or not the occurrence of insect modifications on bone can be used as a proxy to establish a broad climatic signature based on their known thermal physiological limits. A single experimental trial of 18 bone specimens were exposed to the African cockroach Periplaneta americana for a period of six months and a further four experimental trials (totalling 80 bone specimens) were exposed to the Coleopteran Dermestes maculatus for periods of four months each under the absence or presence of substrate and variable feeding conditions. Experiments were conducted within an insectary at 28° C, 40 % humidity and 12 hour light/ 12 of darkness. Subsequently, all specimens were viewed using an Olympus SZX 16 Multifocus microscope fitted with a digital camera at magnifications between 7 and 115x. Three modification types were identified for P. Americana, namely discolouration, destruction of bone and gnawing. A total of five modification types were established for D. maculatus including the occurrence of surface tunnels, destruction of bone, bore holes, surface pits (Classes 1–3) and gnawing. Three distinctive surface pits morphologies were identified; Class 1 pits are highly variable but most often semi-circular to elliptical shallow depressions with a U-shape profile with striations radiating around the outer circumference of the depression. Class 2 surface pits are semi-circular shallow depressions with randomly orientated striations occurring over the entire feature. Class 3 surface pits are irregular shaped depressions with complex profiles not associated to gnawing striations. Broad climatic signatures for both of these agents were developed based on their known physiological thermal limits. The indistinct modification signature of P. americana in combination with limited occurrence and frequency patterns may prove difficult to identify from an archaeological or palaeontological context. Periplaneta americana and D. maculatus do significant damage to aves bones, which could result in their under representation in the archaeological and palaeontological records. The highly distinctive signature as well as occurrence and frequency patterns of modifications produced by D. maculatus has enabled the reinterpretation of existing palaeontological analyses, suggesting that dermestids are in fact not responsible for reported instances in which they are suggested as the causal agent during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic

The use of egg attenuated bluetongue virus in the production of a polyvalent vaccine for sheep. A. Propagation of the virus in sheep

(1) A brief description of Theiler's classical method of bluetongue vaccine production is given and various modifications introduced from time to time are recorded. (2) In an attempt to adapt the recognized technique to the routine mass production of a polyvalent vaccine using fully attenuated egg adapted (A) strains of virus three difficulties were encountered : (a) As a result of even a single passage through susceptible sheep the adapted (A) strains were transformed at least partially into apparently original or sheep strains (O) so that quantitative control could not be carried out in eggs. (b) During the course of change from the A to the pseudo-O phase at least some strains show a marked change in antigenic structure. (c) Since the majority of sheep infected with egg attenuated virus show no clinical reaction it is impossible to eliminate animals included by accident amongst the virus donors. In the final mixture specific antibodies in the serum of such immune sheep neutralize the virus propagated in the susceptible donors, thus making the vaccine inert. This has proved an insurmountable difficulty. (3) Though passage through sheep causes a change from the A to the pseudo-O type of virus there is no reversion to original virulence.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Wesselsbron virus - a virus not previously described, associated with abortion in domestic animals

1. There has been isolated from a lamb a pantropic virus with neurotropic properties and a well-marked affinity for embryonic tissue. 2. In the field the vectors are mosquitoes which have yet to be identified accurately. 3. In sheep infection with the virus causes a febrile reaction after a short incubation period of about one to four days, the mortality rate not being high. Pregnant ewes may abort during the febrile reaction in which case virus could not be isolated from the foetuses. Subsequently the virus invades the foetus causing death usually with abortion. The mortality amongst foetuses carried to full term and new-born lambs is very high (practically 100%). New born lambs suckling reacting ewes did not become infected by contact with the reacting ewe. 4. In addition to sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, mice, rabbits, guinea-pigs and man are susceptible. 5. Infant and adult mice are equally susceptible to intracerebral inoculation, the mortality being 100%. Infant mice are fully susceptible to intraperitoneal infection but in adult mice the reaction is at most inapparent.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Isolation in mice and embryonated hen's eggs of a virus associated with vaginitis of cattle

From infected material obtained from various herds virus has been isolated in several instances in developing hen's eggs, and in one instance also in mice. The strain which could be propagated in both mice and eggs was taken 25 generations by intracerebral passage in mice. In early passages day-old mice were used but later passage was continued in adult mice. In these, mortality occurred regularly after three to four days. Gradocol membrane filtration indicated that the particle diameter was Jess than 100 mµ. In developing hen's eggs this strain was propagated for twelve generations by chorio-allantoic membrane passage. Definite lesions on the membrane were observed and occasional embryos died. Subsequent passages were made by the injection of infected embryo material into the yolk sac. In this way the virus was readily maintained a further ten generations, at which stage it regularly killed all embryos. Cows and heifers infected with material from both the mouse and egg propagated lines of this strain showed definite, though mild, symptoms of vaginitis. The possibility of various forms of vaginitis occurring in bovines as well as the relation of this virus to these conditions is discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Tribute to Tinbergen: The Place of Animal Behavior in Biology

Tinbergen is famous for emphasizing behavioral fieldwork and experimentation under natural circumstances, for founding the field of ethology, for getting a Nobel Prize, and for mentoring Richard Dawkins. He is known for dividing behavior studies into physiology, development, natural selection, and evolutionary history. In the decades since Tinbergen was active, some of the best research in animal behavior fuses Tinbergen\u27s questions, connecting genes to behavioral phenotypes, for example. Behavior is the most synthetic of the life sciences, because observing the actions of an organism can tell us what all those physical and physiological traits are for. Insights from behavior tell us how traits in one individual impact those in another in ways that challenge our definition of an organism. Behavioral conflict and cooperation among animals has led to theory that explains within-organism conflict and cooperation and human malfunctions of many kinds. Darwin certainly began the evolutionary study of behavior, but Tinbergen brought it forward to the heart of biology. The challenge for the future is to apply concepts from animal behavior across biology with tools that would have amazed Tinbergen

The cytopathogenic action of bluetongue virus on tissue cultures and its application to the detection of antibodies in the serum of sheep

Cytopathogenic activity by egg adapted strains of bluetongue virus for sheep kidney cells in culture, and the neutralization of this activity by homologous antiserum are described. The possible applications of this phenomenon to studies on various phases of bluetongue is discussed briefly. Reference is made to preliminary studies which indicate that the property of cytopathogenesis is not associated with virulent, unmodified, bluetongue virus.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format