2,565 research outputs found
The isotopic composition of cosmic rays with 5 is less than or equal to z which is less than or equal to 26
Results obtained from a high altitude balloon flight from Thompson, Canada in August, 1973 are reported. The instrument consisted of a spark chamber, a Lucite Gerenkov counter and thirteen layers of scintillators. For heavy particles the Cerenkov-range method of analysis was used to determine the mass of particles energetic enough to produce a Cerenkov signal and then stop in the layered scintillators. The data appear to be consistent with current cosmic-ray propagation models. Using a simple exponential path length propagation model this data is extrapolated to the cosmic-ray source and some implications of the data are discussed as to the nature of the source
Prevalence of active trachoma two years after control activities
Background: Following an epidemiological assessment to map out the endemicity of trachoma in Ghana, Trachoma control interventions were put in place in two districts in Upper West and three in Northern Regions in the year 2001. The control activities were based on the WHO recommended strategy of SAFE. After two years of intervention,a study was undertaken to determine the impact of the control activities. Methods: A simple random selection of compoundswas done. Trained and standardized ophthalmic nurses examined children aged 1 to 10 years for dirty faces and signs of active trachoma.Community members were interviewed to ascertain availability of potable water and latrines. Results: A total of 9,288 children aged 1-10 years were examined in 2003. Overall TF/TI prevalence for Upper West was 5.6% and for Northern Region was 3.5%. In 2000, 6,241 children aged 1-10 years were examined. The overall prevalence of TF/TIfor baseline was 15.0% for Upper West and 9.1% for Northern Region. The prevalence of TF/TI showed significant reduction (p-valu
When are active Brownian particles and run-and-tumble particles equivalent? Consequences for motility-induced phase separation
Active Brownian particles (ABPs, such as self-phoretic colloids) swim at
fixed speed along a body-axis that rotates by slow angular
diffusion. Run-and-tumble particles (RTPs, such as motile bacteria) swim with
constant \u until a random tumble event suddenly decorrelates the
orientation. We show that when the motility parameters depend on density
but not on , the coarse-grained fluctuating hydrodynamics of
interacting ABPs and RTPs can be mapped onto each other and are thus strictly
equivalent. In both cases, a steeply enough decreasing causes phase
separation in dimensions , even when no attractive forces act between
the particles. This points to a generic role for motility-induced phase
separation in active matter. However, we show that the ABP/RTP equivalence does
not automatically extend to the more general case of \u-dependent motilities
Not just numbers: beyond counting caesarean deliveries to understanding their determinants in Ghana using a population based cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND:The increasing rate of caesarean deliveries (CD) has become a serious concern for public health experts globally. Despite this health concern, research on factors associated CD in many low- and -middle countries like Ghana is sparse. This study, therefore, assessed the prevalence and determinants of CD among child-bearing women aged 15-49 in Ghana. METHODS:The study used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. The analysis was limited to mothers (n = 2742) aged 15-49 , who had given birth in health facilities 5 years preceding the survey. Association between CD and its determinants was assessed by calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals using a binary logistic regression. RESULTS:The percentage of mothers who delivered their babies through caesarean section (CS) was 18.5%. Using multivariable logistic regression, the results showed that women aged 45-49 (AOR = 10.5; 95% CI: 3.0-37.4), and women from a household that are headed by a female (AOR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7) had higher odds to deliver through CS. Women from the Upper East (AOR =0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.7) and Upper West (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.2-0.8) regions had lower odds to deliver their children through CS. Women with parity 4 or more (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.2-0.5) had lower odds of CD compared to those with parity 1. Women with female babies had lower odds (AOR = 0.8; CI = 0.7-0.9) of delivering them through CS compared to those with male children. CONCLUSION:The percentage of women delivering babies through the CS in Ghana is high. The high rates of CD noted do not essentially indicate good quality care or services. Hence, health facilities offering this medical protocol need to adopt comprehensive and strict measures to ensure detailed medical justifications by doctors for performing these caesarean surgeries
Quantum effects in linguistic endeavors
Classifying the information content of neural spike trains in a linguistic
endeavor, an uncertainty relation emerges between the bit size of a word and
its duration. This uncertainty is associated with the task of synchronizing the
spike trains of different duration representing different words. The
uncertainty involves peculiar quantum features, so that word comparison amounts
to measurement-based-quantum computation. Such a quantum behavior explains the
onset and decay of the memory window connecting successive pieces of a
linguistic text. The behavior here discussed is applicable to other reported
evidences of quantum effects in human linguistic processes, so far lacking a
plausible framework, since either no efforts to assign an appropriate quantum
constant had been associated or speculating on microscopic processes dependent
on Planck's constant resulted in unrealistic decoherence times
The pair potential of colloidal stars
We report on the construction of colloidal stars: 1 micrometer polystyrene
beads grafted with a dense brush of 1 micrometer long and 10 nm wide
semi-flexible filamentous viruses. The pair interaction potentials of colloidal
stars are measured using an experimental implementation of umbrella sampling, a
technique originally developed in computer simulations in order to probe rare
events. The influence of ionic strength and grafting density on the interaction
is measured. Good agreements are found between the measured interactions and
theoretical predictions based upon the osmotic pressure of counterions.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Changed conten
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