Synthesis of Chitosan and Its Use in Metal Removal

In this research work natural bio polymer “chitosan” was synthesized using locally available fish shells and adsorption of copper by chitosan was studied. Synthesize of chitosan involved four main stages as preconditioning, demineralization, deprotenisation and deacetylation. Chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The affinity of chitosan for cupper was studied using anhydrous CuCl2 solution as the heavy metal solution containing Cu (II) ions. Adsorption of cupper ions by chitosan was investigated under different conditions. Amount of copper absorbed was evaluated using atomic adsorption spectroscopy. Key words: Adsorption, chitosan, cupper, chitin

Di masa COVID-19, bagaimana cara melindungi diri sendiri dan orang lain?

Coronaviruses are a big identified group of viruses that could result in sickness in humans and animals. It was confirmed that many of these viruses caused respiratory diseases among humans and their symptoms range from popular colds to more serious diseases, such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The recently detected Coronavirus (called SARS-CoV-2) causes the COVID-19 pandemic, which causes a serious threat worldwide. There was no previous knowledge of this virus before the outbreak of Wuhan city in China in December 2019.  However, there is progress in defining, understanding and dealing with this virus.  In this review, we are focusing on the common questions regarding coronavirus transition and spread, and how to prevent the infection.  Coronavirus adalah kelompok besar virus yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia dan hewan. Telah dipastikan bahwa banyak dari virus ini menyebabkan penyakit pernapasan pada manusia dan gejalanya berkisar dari pilek populer hingga penyakit yang lebih serius, seperti sindrom pernapasan Timur Tengah (MERS) dan sindrom pernapasan akut yang parah (SARS). Virus Corona yang baru terdeteksi (disebut SARS-CoV-2) menyebabkan pandemi COVID-19, menyebabkan ancaman serius di seluruh dunia. Belum ada pengetahuan sebelumnya tentang virus ini sebelum merebak di kota Wuhan (China) pada Desember 2019 lalu. Namun, ada kemajuan dalam pendefinisian, pemahaman, dan penanganan virus ini. Dalam ulasan ini, kami berfokus pada pertanyaan umum mengenai transisi dan penyebaran virus corona, serta cara mencegah infeksi

Substituted organotin complexes of 4-methoxybenzoic acid for reduction of poly(vinyl chloride) photodegradation

Poly(vinyl chloride) suffers from degradation through oxidation and decomposition when exposed to radiation and high temperatures. Stabilizers are added to polymeric materials to inhibit their degradation and enable their use for a longer duration in harsh environments. The design of new additives to stabilize poly(vinyl chloride) is therefore desirable. The current study includes the synthesis of new tin complexes of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and investigates their potential as photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). The reaction of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and substituted tin chlorides gave the corresponding substituted tin complexes in good yields. The structures of the complexes were confirmed using analytical and spectroscopic methods. Poly(vinyl chloride) was doped with a small quantity (0.5%) of the tin complexes and homogenous thin films were made. The effects of the additives on the stability of the polymeric material on irradiation with ultraviolet light were assessed using different methods. Weight loss, production of small polymeric fragments, and drops in molecular weight were lower in the presence of the additives. The surface of poly(vinyl chloride), after irradiation, showed less damage in the films containing additives. The additives, in particular those containing aromatic (phenyl groups) substitutes, inhibited the photodegradation of polymeric films significantly. Such additives act as efficient ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide quenchers, and hydrogen chloride scavengers

Synthesis of Chitosan and Its Use in Metal Removal

Abstract In this research work natural bio polymer "chitosan" was synthesized using locally available fish shells and adsorption of copper by chitosan was studied. Synthesize of chitosan involved four main stages as preconditioning, demineralization, deprotenisation and deacetylation. Chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The affinity of chitosan for cupper was studied using anhydrous CuCl 2 solution as the heavy metal solution containing Cu (II) ions. Adsorption of cupper ions by chitosan was investigated under different conditions. Amount of copper absorbed was evaluated using atomic adsorption spectroscopy

Substituted Organotin Complexes of 4-Methoxybenzoic Acid for Reduction of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Photodegradation

Poly(vinyl chloride) suffers from degradation through oxidation and decomposition when exposed to radiation and high temperatures. Stabilizers are added to polymeric materials to inhibit their degradation and enable their use for a longer duration in harsh environments. The design of new additives to stabilize poly(vinyl chloride) is therefore desirable. The current study includes the synthesis of new tin complexes of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and investigates their potential as photostabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride). The reaction of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and substituted tin chlorides gave the corresponding substituted tin complexes in good yields. The structures of the complexes were confirmed using analytical and spectroscopic methods. Poly(vinyl chloride) was doped with a small quantity (0.5%) of the tin complexes and homogenous thin films were made. The effects of the additives on the stability of the polymeric material on irradiation with ultraviolet light were assessed using different methods. Weight loss, production of small polymeric fragments, and drops in molecular weight were lower in the presence of the additives. The surface of poly(vinyl chloride), after irradiation, showed less damage in the films containing additives. The additives, in particular those containing aromatic (phenyl groups) substitutes, inhibited the photodegradation of polymeric films significantly. Such additives act as efficient ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide quenchers, and hydrogen chloride scavengers

Adsorption of Nickel Ions

Abstract Chitosan is an amino-polysaccharide with highly efficient properties for the binding of metal ions. Uptake may occur through chelation on free amino functions (at near-neutral pH) or by electrostatic attraction on protonated amino groups (in acidic solutions). Chitosan synthesation process from fish shells involved four main stages as preconditioning, demineralization, deproteinization, decolorization and deacetylation. Chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and solubility in 1% acetic acid. The affinity of chitosan for nickel was studied using NiCl 2 .6H 2 O solution as the heavy metal solution containing Ni (II) ions

Anthocyanins in Red Beet Juice Act as Scavengers for Heavy Metals Ions such as Lead and Cadmium

ABSTRACT Recently many papers appeared on (Anthocyanins) as a complexing agent with metals ions. The aim of this research is to fitting pollution and poisoning by metals and their ions by forming complexes. Aqueous solution of anthocyanin from red beet is slightly acidic (pH 6.4) which attack metals slowly (oxidation process). As soon as metal ion forms the anthocyanin anion capture it and precipitate. Anthocyanin juice was shown a high antioxidant capacity in numerous studies. In this study anthocyanins are extracted and purified, then a series of complexes are prepared from reaction with the metal ions Pb(II) and Cd( II) after fixing the optimum conditions of (volume, concentration, temperature and pH). The UV-Vis spectra of these ions with pigment solution have been studied. The formula of complexes is deduced according to the continuous variation method (Jobs method) method which is obtained from the spectrophotometric studies of the complex solution. The ratios of ligand: metal obtained are 2: 1 for all complexes under study (depending on the above job method). The solid complexes are indicated by UV-Vis spectra that showed red shift when it compared with pigment solution spectra. Also infrared spectra are studied and showed appearance and disappearance of some peaks. The molar conductivity showed the absence of ionic property. The determination of magnetic susceptibility for all complexes showed that they have diamagnetic properties (i.e. all orbitals have pairs electrons). According to the results, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptility and electronic configuration support the structural formula of complexes that have a ratio of ligand: metal equal 2: 1 and the suggested structures are tetrahedral

Synthesis of Telmisartan Organotin(IV) Complexes and their use as Carbon Dioxide Capture Media

Novel, porous, highly aromatic organotin(IV) frameworks were successfully synthesized by the condensation of telmisartan and an appropriate tin(IV) chloride. The structures of the synthesized organotin(IV) complexes were elucidated by elemental analysis, 1H-, 13C-, and 119Sn-NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of the complexes were inspected by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized mesoporous organotin(IV) complexes have a Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area of 32.3−130.4 m2·g−1, pore volume of 0.046−0.162 cm3·g−1, and pore size of around 2.4 nm. The tin complexes containing a butyl substituent were more efficient as carbon dioxide storage media than the complexes containing a phenyl substituent. The dibutyltin(IV) complex had the highest BET surface area (SBET = 130.357 m2·g−1), the largest volume (0.162 cm3·g−1), and was the most efficient for carbon dioxide storage (7.1 wt%) at a controlled temperature (323 K) and pressure (50 bars)

Tetra Schiff Bases as Polyvinyl Chloride Thermal Stabilizers

Tetra Schiff bases were used as thermal stabilizers to enhance the properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) when operated at high temperatures. The thermal stability of PVC films doped with Schiff bases was tested by the weight-loss method, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal aging test, optical microscope, and atomic force microscope (AFM). Results showed that embedding these additives increased the stability time of the polymer, which decreased the degradation reaction tendency. Furthermore, the primary color of PVC was improved by adding the Schiff bases using oven-aging. In addition, these Schiff bases resulted in a significant reduction in PVC’s conjugated double bonds and, hence, the weight loss

Enhancement of Photostabilization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) in the Presence of Tin–Cephalexin Complexes

Poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, has many attractive properties, including low cost of manufacture, resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, and ease of molding. However, PVC suffers from aging in harsh conditions, leading to the shortening of its useful life. Stability to irradiation, for example, can be improved through the incorporation of additives to PVC. The design, synthesis, and application of new stabilizers continue to attract attention. The current work investigates the effect of three tin–cephalexin complexes on the stability of PVC on irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light (λ = 313 nm) at 25 °C for a long duration. The PVC was blended with tin–cephalexin complexes at low concentrations (0.5% by weight), and thin films (around 40 µm) were made from the mixed materials. Various methods, including weight loss, infrared spectroscopy, and surface inspection of irradiated films were used to investigate the role played by these additives in the inhibition of PVC photodecomposition. The results confirmed that the additives led to a significant reduction in the rate of photodecomposition of the PVC blends. Tin–cephalexin complexes can absorb harmful radiation, deactivate hydrogen chloride, and scavenge high-energy species such as peroxides, therefore acting as stabilizers for PVC