Amino Acid Composition of o Neutrophil Respiratory Burst Stimulant Evidence for a Protein, Noncollogenous Source

Activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst by the supernatant fraction from an alkali-treated collagen preparation (SAC) was enhanced by longer durations of exposure to alkali (1 N NaOH for 0.5-24 hr). The concentrate obtained from ultrafiltration (>30,000 molecular weight) of SAC (1 N NaOH for 24 hr) retained the stimulatory factor. Fractionation of this ultraconcentrate by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the stimulatory activity resided in the void volume (highest molecular weight). The amino acid composition of this active fraction revealed that this proteinaceous stimulant was not derived from the collagen molecule. Treatment of the SAC with ultrapure bacterial collagenase increased its stimulatory capacity, confirming its noncollagenous nature. Alkali treatment of whole cornea also released a similar large molecular weight, noncollagenous protein that stimulated the respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Enhanced stimulation after prolonged NaOH treatment of the collagen preparation or collagenase treatment of SAC suggests that the stimulant might reside between collagen fibrils and then be released as the matrix is degraded. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:2112-2118,199

Man or Human? A Note on the Translation of Ἄνθρωπος in Mark 10.1-9 and Masculinity Studies

The past decades have seen an increased sensitivity among Bible translators when it comes to matters of gender, in particular in relation to inclusive and exclusive aspects of language and their rendering in translation. Building on this feminist agenda, it can also be asked, following the lead of masculinity studies in general and its use in biblical studies in particular, what role masculinity plays in texts and their translation. This will be explored in this contribution using the example of the meaning and translation of ἄνθρωπος in Mark 10.7 and 9, which, it will be proposed, is, for gender-sensitive exegetical reasons, best translated as “man” (in the exclusive sense of the word), rather than as “human” (as an inclusive expression)