The fungal fora at various historical locations in Izmir, Turkey

In our study, surface and environmental air samples from the historical buildings (houses, kiosks, Turkish bath, khans, train station) in seven different locations were investigated for their fungal fora. Sampling was performed in seven locations in Izmir (Bornova, Buca, Cesme, Foca, Karsiyaka, Konak and Tire) in autumn and summer of 2009. Totally 192 isolates were obtained from the air and surface samples of these places. Air samples were collected using a MAS-100 Microbial Air Sampler (Merck) and fungal load were detected by using Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (RBCA, Merck). Bioflm samples were obtained from different surfaces (stone, wood, plaster, marble, limestone, brick and paint). As a result of our study, 25 genera related to Zygomycota, anamorph Ascomycota and teleomorph Ascomycota were identifed. Besides, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Alternaria sp., Chaetomium sp. and Cladosporium sp. were appeared the most frequently fungi genera. However, 6 isolates were not identifed. It was observed that Aspergillus sp. was at the frst stage with frequency of 21.88% while Penicillium sp. was at the second stage with 17.70%. in our study it was also shown that fungal load was much more in autumn than in summer due to its high moisture content and optimum temperature.Bu çalışmada İzmir’deki bazı önemli tarihi binalarda bulunan fungal fora incelenmiştir. Örnekler, 2009 yılının sonbahar ve yaz dönemlerinde İzmir’deki yedi farklı lokasyondan (Bornova, Buca, Çeşme, Foça, Karşıyaka, Konak and Tire) toplanmıştır. Bu lokasyonların hava ve yüzey örneklerinden toplam 192 izolat elde edilmiştir. Hava örnekleri MAS-100 Microbial Air Sampler (Merck) kullanılarak toplanmıştır ve fungal yük Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar (RBCA, Merck) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Biyoflm örnekleri çeşitli yüzeylerden (tahta, taş, plastik, mermer, kireçtaşı, tuğla ve boya) alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda Zygomycota, anamorf Ascomycota ve teleomorf Ascomycota’ ya ait 25 genus bulunmuştur. Bunun yanında, en sık rastlanılan fungus genusları Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Alternaria sp., Chaetomium sp. ve Cladosporium sp. olarak bulunmuştur ancak 6 izolat tanımlanamamıştır. Aspergillus sp. %21,88 oranla en sık görülen genus olmuştur. Bunu %17,70 oranla Penicillium sp. izlemektedir. Aynı zamanda bu çalışmada, yüksek nem oranı ve optimum sıcaklığa bağlı olarak fungal yükün sonbahar döneminde, yaz dönemine göre çok daha fazla olduğu gösterilmiştir

Biodiversity of Bacteria Isolated from Different Soils

The aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity of PHB producing bacteria isolated from soils where fruit and vegetable are cultivated (onion, grape, olive, mulberry and plum) in Aydın providence. Morphological, cultural, biochemical, and molecular methods were used for bacteria identification. These isolated bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and using BLAST. The following bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (6), Bacillus cereus (8), Bacillus anthrachis (1), Bacillus circulans (1), Bacillus weihenstephanensis (1), Pseudomonas putida (1), Azotobacter chroococcum (1), Brevibacterium frigoritolerans (1), Burkholderia sp. (1), Staphylococcus epidermidis (1), Streptomyces exfoliatus (1), Variovorax paradoxus (1) were found. The Maximum Likelihood method was used to produce a molecular phylogenetic analysis and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. These bacteria can produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) which is an organic polymer with commercial potential as a biodegradable thermoplastic. PHB can be used instead of petrol derivated non-degradable plastics. For this reason, PHB producing microorganisms are substantial in industry

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of metal complexes with N,O-bidentate ligand derived from dimedone

One N,O-bidentate dimedone derivatives ligand (1) and its Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) complexes (2,3,4) have been prepared and structurally characterized by the spectroscopic methods such as&nbsp; T-IR, NMR, and X-Ray. 1,3, and 4 crystallize in the triclinic crystal system in the space group P-1, 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system in the space group C2/c. X-Ray diffraction&nbsp; studies showed 1 exists in enamine form, 2–4 have a square planar geometry around metal atoms which are surrounded by two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms from two ligands. Antibacterial properties of 1–4 have been examined against selected bacteria and yeast strains. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration of 1–4 against these pathogens was compared with the selected antibiotic drugs. The result revealed that all compounds have good activity.</p

Synthesis and antifungal and antibacterial bioactivities of diborolanes containing arylamines

© 2023 Elsevier B.V.A good yield of 1,2-diarylamino-1,2-diborolanes 2 was obtained from the reaction of 1,2-dichloro-1,2-diborolane 1 and ArNHLi (an anilide). The structures of these new derivatives were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The molecular structures of 2a and 2b were also determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds against some Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and yeasts were determined. Some compounds were found to have strong antibacterial and antifungal properties, especially against the bacterium, S. pneumonia, which is the causative agent of pneumonia, and the fungus, C. albicans, which is the causative agent of candidiasis. The compounds 2a and 3 had a powerful effect (compound 2a and 3 = 1 μgmL−1) against S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 bacteria. In addition, compounds 2a, 3 and 2f were observed to have strong effects (compound 2a, 3, 2f = 2 μgmL−1) against C. albicans ATCC 10231 and C. utilis ATCC 9950. The results obtained were found to be more effective than the MIC values (128–64 μgmL−1) of Streptomycin and Flukanozol drugs used for bacteria and yeasts. The results of our study show that the synthesized substances can be used for new drug applications that are being developed against infectious diseases in the pharmaceutical industry