L'évaluation du rôle des facteurs génétiques dans la genèse des terreurs nocturnes chez l'enfant : étude prospective chez les jumeaux

Depuis plusieurs années, les études ont bien démontré que les troubles du sommeil tendent à être héréditaires. Il existe de plus en plus d’évidence scientifique démontrant l’implication des facteurs génétiques dans la manifestation des terreurs nocturnes. Les études de jumeaux sont essentielles pour évaluer l’influence des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux dans les affections complexes comme les terreurs nocturnes. Cependant, la plupart des études antérieures de jumeaux sur les terreurs nocturnes sont, soient des études rétrospectives ou encore des études avec un échantillon insuffisant de patients, ce qui résulte en des résultats peu concluants. L’objectif de ce mémoire était de déterminer la contribution des facteurs génétiques et des facteurs environnementaux dans la manifestation des terreurs nocturnes d’une large cohorte de jeunes jumeaux suivis d’une façon prospective. Ce mémoire a montré que la proportion de la variance phénotypique totale des terreurs nocturnes due aux influences génétiques est plus que 40% pour les jumeaux âgés de 18 et de 30 mois. La corrélation polychorique, à l’âge de 18 mois, est de 0,63 chez les jumeaux monozygotes et de 0,36 chez les jumeaux dizygotes du même âge. À l’âge de 30 mois, cette corrélation est de 0,68 chez les monozygotes et de 0,24 chez les dizygotes. Ceci démontre que les facteurs génétiques jouent un rôle important dans la manifestation des terreurs nocturnes chez les enfants de très jeune âge. Basée sur l’héritabilité, cette étude suggère que la prédisposition génétique soit associée avec la persistance des symptômes des terreurs nocturnes jusqu’à l’âge de 30 mois.For years, the contribution of genetic components to the pathology of sleep disorders has been increasingly recognised as important. There is growing evidence that genetic factors are involved in the occurrence of sleep terrors. Twin studies provide invaluable information regarding genetic and environmental factors that can affect the manifestation of the disease. However, most previous twin studies on sleep terrors have been done retrospectively or with a sample that was too small to yield conclusive results. The objective of this thesis was to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the manifestation of sleep terrors in a large cohort of early childhood twins followed prospectively. The results of the present study confirm that sleep terrors are a partially hereditary parasomnia. Genetic factors play an important role in the manifestation of sleep terrors at a very young age. Of the total phenotypic variance in sleep terrors, the proportions due to genetic influences were over 40% for both 18 and 30 month old twins. At 18 months, the polychoric correlations were 0.63 for MZ and 0.36 for DZ twins. These values were 0, 68 (MZ) and 0, 24 (DZ) at 30 months. These results strongly support the heritability of sleep terrors. There also seems to be continuity in genetic effects with the persistence of sleep terror symptoms at the age of 30 months

Emotional Regulation in Synchronous Online Collaborative Learning: A Facial Expression Recognition Study

Emotional regulation in learning has been recognised as a critical factor for collaborative learning success. However, the “unobservable” processes of emotion and motivation at the core of learning regulation have challenged the methodological progress to examine and support learners’ regulation. Artificial intelligence (AI) and learning analytics have recently brought novel opportunities for investigating the learning processes. This multidisciplinary study proposes a novel fine-grained approach to provide empirical evidence on the application of these advanced technologies in assessing emotional regulation in synchronous computer-support collaborative learning (CSCL). The study involved eighteen university students (N=18) working collaboratively in groups of three. The process mining analysis was adopted to explore the patterns of emotional regulation in synchronous CSCL, while AI facial expression recognition was used for examining learners’ associated emotions and emotional synchrony in regulatory activities. Our findings establish a foundation for further design of human-centred AI-enhanced support for collaborative learning regulation

Blended Learning for Secondary Schools in Nam Dinh Province to Satisfy New Standards: The Current Situation and Proposed Models

We offered blended learning models for high schools in Nam Dinh province to satisfy Vietnam's new criteria. These models were based on general approaches to issues, theoretical research, and field research based on surveys and anket questionnaires conducted throughout the area. The results of a survey demonstrate that high school teachers in Nam Dinh have gained a fundamental grasp of blended learning and have, in practice, embraced both online and face-to-face instruction, particularly during the height of the Covid-19 outbreak. However, there was not a standard model for blended learning, therefore it was only used by a few persons. In other contexts, the concept of "blended learning" referred to what was effectively a face-to-face session that was broadcast over the Internet without the necessary adjustments being made to the content, methodology, or evaluation. As a result, we offer a number of different ways to blended learning for high schools in Nam Dinh in order to improve the quality of education provided throughout the province

Revealing the Hidden Structure of Affective States During Emotion Regulation in Synchronous Online Collaborative Learning

This study aims to explore the use of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) to reveal learners' emotion regulation. In particular, this study attempts to discover the hidden structure of affective states associated with facial expression during challenges, interactions, and strategies for emotion regulation in the context of synchronous online collaborative learning. The participants consist of 18 higher education students (N=18) who collaboratively worked in groups. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) results indicated interesting transition patterns of latent state of emotion and provided insights into how learners engage in the emotion regulation process. This study demonstrates a new opportunity for theoretical and methodology advancement in the exploration of AI in researching socially shared regulation in collaborative learning

The Combined Use of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Fructooligosaccharide Improves Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

In this study, we evaluated the effect of probiotic bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus supplemented at different inclusion levels in a control diet [basal diet containing 0.5% fructooligosaccharide (FOS)] on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, immune response, and the disease resistance of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A control diet with 0.5% FOS but without P. pentosaceus supplementation (Control) was prepared. In addition, three other test diets were also formulated: control diet supplemented with P. pentosaceus at (i) 1 x 10(6) cfu g(-1) diet (P1), (ii) 1 x 10(7) cfu g(-1) diet (P2), or (iii) 1 x 10(8) cfu g(-1) diet (P3). After a 60-day feeding trial, the experimental shrimps were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. The results showed that dietary supplementation of P. pentosaceus significantly improved the growth performance and immune responses of L. vannamei juveniles. The juveniles that were fed with a P2 or P3 diet recorded the maximum increase in the final body weight, final length, weight gain, and survival rate. The total hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase, and lysozyme activity of shrimp fed with either of these two diets were significantly enhanced. The results also showed that juveniles fed with a P2 or P3 diet exhibited significantly lower mortality when challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Overall results suggested that a combination of P. pentosaceus at the inclusion level of 1 x 10(7) cfu g(-1) diet (P2) and 0.5% FOS could be considered as a potential synbiotic formulation for improving the growth, health, and robustness of L. vannamei

STUDENTS’ OPINIONS ON VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE: A CASE STUDY

The problem of employment is always a crucial problem and is the concern of most parents and school students. The survey on the perception of 40 students about vocational guidance was carried out in Nguyen Viet Dung High School in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Results show that students are very concerned about their future career; students have a proper perception of vocational guidance and recognize well factors which affect their career choice.  Article visualizations

The added value of quantitative ultrasound to shear-wave elastography for assessment of steatohepatitis in a rat model

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a highly prevalent condition, which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form found in 3 to 5% of the population. As liver biopsy is invasive, there is a need for a non-invasive technique for the assessment of NASH. Due to promising results of shear wave elastography (SWE) in staging this disease, there is a high interest in developing a multi-parametric approach for assessment of liver steatosis within the same ultrasound (US) examination. The goal of this study was to assess the added value of quantitative US (QUS) parameters to SWE, based on random forest classifiers and areas under the ROC curve (AUC). Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were either fed a standard chow or a methionine- and choline-deficient diet. Using a research US system (model V1, Verasonics Inc.), SWE measurements were performed while rats were under anesthesia. To generate shear wavefronts within the liver, a linear array US transducer (ATL L7-4, Philips) was used to induce three 40-V 125-μs long radiation force pushes 4 mm apart. For SW tracking, the same transducer was used to acquire plane wave radiofrequency data at a frame rate of 4 kHz; images were reconstructed using the f-k migration algorithm. QUS acquisitions were performed using the same system and transducer. One hundred frames were acquired, migrated, and the echo envelope was obtained with Hilbert transforms. The image post-processing yielded 4 homodyned-K parametric maps within the region-of-interest (ROI), from which 8 features were extracted. The local attenuation coefficient slope within the ROI was also computed using the spectral shift method. QUS parameters improved the classification accuracy of steatohepatitis, liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis compared to SWE alone. For detection of liver steatosis grades 0 vs ≥ 1, ≤ 1 vs ≥ 2, ≤ 2 vs 3, respectively, AUCs increased from 0.70, 0.65, and 0.69 to 0.78, 0.78, and 0.75 (p <; 0.001)

To Measure the Degrees of the Autonomy in Vietnam

Through analyzing policy and regulatory documents as well as in-depth interviews with experts, this study aims to address two research purposes. First, inspired by Europe's institutional autonomy scorecard, this study aims to introduce a similar one that appropriates to the Vietnam’s context. Vietnam's scorecard also has four dimensions as like the European one, these are: academic, organizational, staffing and financial. Nevertheless, the differences include: (i) the selection of specific indicators corresponding to each dimension of the scorecard; and (ii) the scoring system of the autonomy level pertaining to each indicator. These differences reflect the local attributes of Vietnam which are dissimilar to the European context. Second, Vietnam's institutional autonomy scorecard would be adopted to measure the levels of autonomy regarding four types of universities in Vietnam: (i) Vietnam national universities; (ii) autonomous public universities; (iii) regular public universities; and (iv) private universities. Findings of this study does not only provide implications for Vietnamese policymakers and institutional leaders but also stakeholders in other countries. We encourage scholars in other countries to employ a similar approach to develop scorecards that are appropriate to their local contexts

Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Homalomena pierreana (Araceae)

30-37Homalomena is a genus of the Araceae family which contains several remedies used extensively in traditional Vietnamese medicine. H. pierreana is a rare plant species of Homalomena genus and found only in Phu Quoc National Park, Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. Therefore, the number of studies about this species is limited and the bioactivity of this species is still unknown. In this study, the chemical composition of essential oils was investigated which was isolated from leaves and rhizomes of H. pierreana at the first time by GC-MS. Eight and twelve compounds were identified from the essential oils of rhizomes and leaves, respectively. The major component from both the rhizomes and the leaves was aromadendrene (44 and 48%, respectively). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of essential oils collected from leaves and rhizomes of H. pierreana was investigated and it was observed that the essential oil of rhizomes could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the essential oil of leaves exhibited an inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.</em