14,313 research outputs found
Effective Theory of Braid Excitations of Quantum Geometry in terms of Feynman Diagrams
We study interactions amongst topologically conserved excitations of quantum
theories of gravity, in particular the braid excitations of four-valent spin
networks. These have been shown previously to propagate and interact under
evolution rules of spin foam models. We show that the dynamics of these braid
excitations can be described by an effective theory based on Feynman diagrams.
In this language, braids which are actively interacting are analogous to
bosons, in that the topological conservation laws permit them to be singly
created and destroyed. Exchanges of these excitations give rise to interactions
between braids which are charged under the topological conservation rules.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by Nucl. Phys.
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How the City of London lost at Brexit: a historical perspective
The nature of the City of London as an offshore financial centre has long made London dependent on the British state providing protection from external political regulation, even as London’s foreign currency business separated its interests from British governments’ economic policy preoccupations. Since the 2008 crash and the onset of the eurozone crisis, London has faced threats to both its autonomy from external regulatory demands and to its offshore business interests at the same time as the long-standing external statecraft of British governments around EU membership has broken down. The Cameron governments’ efforts to protect the City within the European Union under political conditions that were transformed by the eurozone crisis exposed the limits of Britain’s position as a member of the European Union. When David Cameron then tried to resolve the problem of EU membership through a referendum he made it extremely difficult to defend the City’s broader commercial interests in the Single European Market because freedom of movement issues weighed significantly more in British domestic politics than financial services
GeV Emission from Collisional Magnetized Gamma Ray Bursts
Magnetic fields may play a dominant role in gamma-ray bursts, and recent
observations by the Fermi satellite indicate that GeV radiation, when detected,
arrives delayed by seconds from the onset of the MeV component. Motivated by
this, we discuss a magnetically dominated jet model where both magnetic
dissipation and nuclear collisions are important. We show that, for parameters
typical of the observed bursts, such a model involving a realistic jet
structure can reproduce the general features of the MeV and a separate GeV
radiation component, including the time delay between the two. The model also
predicts a multi-GeV neutrino component.Comment: ApJ(Lett.), in pres
Nonmethane hydrocarbon measurements in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor during the Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment
Mixing ratios of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were not enhanced in whole air samples collected within the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (NAFC) during the fall of 1997. The investigation was conducted aboard NASA's DC-8 research aircraft, as part of the Subsonic Assessment (SASS) Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX). NMHC enhancements were not detected within the general organized tracking system of the NAFC, nor during two tail chases of the DC-8's own exhaust. Because positive evidence of aircraft emissions was demonstrated by enhancements in both nitrogen oxides and condensation nuclei during SONEX, the NMHC results suggest that the commercial air traffic fleet operating in the North Atlantic region does not contribute at all or contributes negligibly to NMHCs in the NAFC. Copyright 2000 by the American Geophysical Union
Experimental cyclic inter-conversion between Coherence and Quantum Correlations
Quantum resource theories seek to quantify sources of non-classicality that
bestow quantum technologies their operational advantage. Chief among these are
studies of quantum correlations and quantum coherence. The former to isolate
non-classicality in the correlations between systems, the latter to capture
non-classicality of quantum superpositions within a single physical system.
Here we present a scheme that cyclically inter-converts between these resources
without loss. The first stage converts coherence present in an input system
into correlations with an ancilla. The second stage harnesses these
correlations to restore coherence on the input system by measurement of the
ancilla. We experimentally demonstrate this inter-conversion process using
linear optics. Our experiment highlights the connection between
non-classicality of correlations and non-classicality within local quantum
systems, and provides potential flexibilities in exploiting one resource to
perform tasks normally associated with the other.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, comments welcom
Di-μ-sulfato-bis{[bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane]copper(II)}
The molecule of the title compound, [Cu2(SO4)2(C11H16N4)2], sits on a center of symmetry. The CuII atom has a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry comprising three O atoms of the two symmetry-related SO4
2− anions and two N atoms from one bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane ligand
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