722 research outputs found
International risk of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant importations originating in South Africa
Omicron, a fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern reported to the World Health Organization on November 24, 2021, has raised international alarm. We estimated there is at least 50% chance that Omicron had been introduced by travelers from South Africa into all of the 30 countries studied by November 27, 2021.Integrative Biolog
Unravelling the Interfacial Dynamics of Bandgap Funneling in Bismuth-Based Halide Perovskites
An environmentally friendly mixed-halide perovskite MA3Bi2Cl9−xIx with a bandgap funnel structure has been developed. However, the dynamic interfacial interactions of bandgap funneling in MA3Bi2Cl9−xIx perovskites in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) system remain ambiguous. In light of this, single- and mixed-halide lead-free bismuth-based hybrid perovskites—MA3Bi2Cl9−yIy and MA3Bi2I9 (named MBCl-I and MBI)—in the presence and absence of the bandgap funnel structure, respectively, are prepared. Using temperature-dependent transient photoluminescence and electrochemical voltammetric techniques, the photophysical and (photo)electrochemical phenomena of solid–solid and solid–liquid interfaces for MBCl-I and MBI halide perovskites are therefore confirmed. Concerning the mixed-halide hybrid perovskites MBCl-I with a bandgap funnel structure, stronger electronic coupling arising from an enhanced overlap of electronic wavefunctions results in more efficient exciton transport. Besides, MBCl-I's effective diffusion coefficient and electron-transfer rate demonstrate efficient heterogeneous charge transfer at the solid–liquid interface, generating improved photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Consequently, this combination of photophysical and electrochemical techniques opens up an avenue to explore the intrinsic and interfacial properties of semiconductor materials for elucidating the correlation between material characterization and device performance
Resistance distance, information centrality, node vulnerability and vibrations in complex networks
We discuss three seemingly unrelated quantities that have been introduced in different fields of science for complex networks. The three quantities are the resistance distance, the information centrality and the node displacement. We first prove various relations among them. Then we focus on the node displacement, showing its usefulness as an index of node vulnerability.We argue that the node displacement has a better resolution as a measure of node vulnerability than the degree and the information centrality
Determination of the and Mixing Angle from the Pseudoscalar Transition Form Factors
The possible range of mixing angle is determined from the
transition form factors and with
the help of the present experimental data. For such purpose, the quark-flavor
mixing scheme is adopted and the pseudoscalar transition form factors are
calculated under the light-cone pQCD framework, where the transverse momentum
corrections and the contributions beyond the leading Fock state have been
carefully taken into consideration. We construct a phenomenological expression
to estimate the contributions to the form factors beyond the leading Fock state
based on their asymptotic behavior at and . By taking
the quark-flavor mixing scheme, our results lead to , where the first error coming from experimental
uncertainty and the second error coming from the uncertainties of the
wavefunction parameters. The possible intrinsic charm component in and
is discussed and our present analysis also disfavors a large portion of
intrinsic charm component in and , e.g. .Comment: 18 Pages, 3 figures. Several references added. To be published in
EPJ
Inquiry web-based learning to enhance information problem solving competences in science
Early research on using web information indicates that secondary students fail to
explore much web tools, use them naively and have serious difficulties to
understand and integrate web information. In response to these challenges, the
main goal of this research has been to design, implement and evaluate an
instructional approach that helps students learn from web information. We have
developed on-line learning materials which focus on specific curricular contents
and provide specific scaffolds to help students accomplish web-based tasks and
develop specific information problem-solving competencies. These scaffolds have
intended to give support to students involved in information-seeking activities as
they were asked questions, searched for information, organised and assessed their
findings, and created rich representations of their newly-constructed
understandings. We have designed a one year long study to investigate the depth
and accuracy of 127 secondary students, as regards their content understanding as
well as their development of information problem-solving competencies when
using on-line resources to solve instructional tasks. Our research demonstrates that
the experimental group performed computer-based activities statistically better
than the control group. Our findings also suggest that students were able to
develop accurate and in-depth understanding from web information if they could
appropriately use search and managerial strategies. This research lends evidence
to questions regarding the value of students engaging in on-line inquiry web-based
learning to enhance content understanding and to develop more efficient
information problem-solving competencies in secondary education
Molecular characterization of seven novel Glu-A1<sup>m</sup>x alleles from Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum
Seven Glu-A1m allelic variants of the Glu-A1mx genes in Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum, designated as 1Ax2.1a, 1Ax2.1b, 1Ax2.1c, 1Ax2.1d, 1Ax2.1e, 1Ax2.1f, and 1Ax2.1g were characterized. Their authenticity was confirmed by successful expression of the coding regions in E. coli, and except for the 1Ax2.1a with the presence of internal stop codons at position of 313 aa, all correspond to the subunit in seeds. However, all the active six genes had a same DNA size although their encoding subunits showed different molecular weight. Our study indicated that amino acid residue substitutions rather than previously frequently reported insertions/deletions played an important role on the subunit evolution of these Glu-A1mx alleles. Since variation in the Glu-A1x locus in common wheat is rare, these novel genes at the Glu-A1mx can be used as candidate genes for further wheat quality improvement
Direct Measurements of the Branching Fractions for and and Determinations of the Form Factors and
The absolute branching fractions for the decays and
are determined using singly
tagged sample from the data collected around 3.773 GeV with the
BES-II detector at the BEPC. In the system recoiling against the singly tagged
meson, events for and events for decays are observed. Those yield
the absolute branching fractions to be and . The
vector form factors are determined to be
and . The ratio of the two form
factors is measured to be .Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Molecular characterization of different Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum Glu-A1<sup>m</sup>x alleles
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are important seed storage proteins associated with bread-making quality in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD). Variation in the Glu-A1x locus in common wheat is scare. Diploid Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum (2n = 2x = 14, AmAm) is the first cultivated wheat. In the present study, allelic variations at the Glu-A1mx locus were systematically investigated in 197 T. monococcum ssp. monococcum accessions. Out of the 8 detected Glu-A1mx alleles, 5 were novel, including Glu-A1m-b, Glu-A1m-c, Glu-A1m-d, Glu-A1m-g, and Glu-A1m-h. This diversity is higher than that of common wheat. Compared with 1Ax1 and 1Ax2*, which are present in common wheat, these alleles contained three deletions/insertions as well as some single nucleotide polymorphism variations that might affect the elastic properties of wheat flour. New variations in T. monococcum probably occurred after the divergence between A and Am and are excluded in common wheat populations. These allelic variations could be used as novel resources to further improve wheat quality
A Four-Gene Signature from NCI-60 Cell Line for Survival Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Purpose: Metastasis is the main cause of mortality in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Genes that can discriminate the invasion ability of cancer cells may become useful candidates for clinical outcome prediction. We identify invasion-associated genes through computational and laboratorial approach that supported this idea in NSCLC. Experimental Design: We first conducted invasion assay to characterize the invasion abilities of NCI-60 lung cancer cell lines. We then systematically exploited NCI-60 microarray databases to identify invasion-associated genes that showed differential expression between the high and the low invasion cell line groups. Furthermore, using the microarray data of Duke lung cancer cohort (GSE 3141), invasion-associated genes with good survival prediction potentials were obtained. Finally, we validated the findings by conducting quantitative PCR assay on an in-house collected patient group (n = 69) and by using microarray data from two public western cohorts (n = 257 and 186). Results: The invasion-associated four-gene signature (ANKRD49, LPHN1, RABAC1, and EGLN2) had significant prediction in three validation cohorts (P = 0.0184, 0.002, and 0.017, log-rank test). Moreover, we showed that four-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.354, 1.480, and 1.670; P = 0.028, 0.014, and 0.033), independent of other clinical covariates, such as age, gender, and stage. Conclusion: The invasion-associated four-gene signature derived from NCI-60 lung cancer cell lines had good survival prediction power for NSCLC patients. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7309-15
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