245 research outputs found

    Multiple sources of infection and potential endemic characteristics of the large outbreak of dengue in Guangdong in 2014

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    A large outbreak of dengue, with the most documented cases, occurred in Guangdong China in 2014. Epidemiological studies and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated dengue virus (DENV) showed this outbreak was attributed to multiple sources and caused by at least two genotypes of DENV-1 (Genotypes I and III) and two genotypes of DENV-2 (Cosmopolitan and Asian I Genotypes). A retrospective review and phylogenetic analysis of DENV isolated in Guangdong showed that DENV-1 Genotype I strains were reported continuously during 2004-2014, Genotype III strains were reported during 2009-2014 ; DENV-2 Cosmopolitan and Asian I Genotype strains were reported continuously during 2012-2014. At least 45,171 cases were reported in this outbreak, with 65.9% of the patients in the 21-55-year-old group. A trend toward a decrease in the daily newly emerged cases lagged by approximately 20 days compared with the mosquito density curve. Several epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak and the stably sustained serotypes and genotypes of DENV isolated in Guangdong suggest that Guangdong has been facing a threat of transforming from a dengue epidemic area to an endemic area. The high temperature, drenching rain, rapid urbanization, and pandemic of dengue in Southeast Asia may have contributed to this large outbreak of dengue

    Epitaxially strained [001]-(PbTiO3_3)1_1(PbZrO3_3)1_1 superlattice and PbTiO3_3 from first principles

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    The effect of layer-by-layer heterostructuring and epitaxial strain on lattice instabilities and related ferroelectric properties is investigated from first principles for the [001]-(PbTiO3_3)1_1(PbZrO3_3)1_1 superlattice and pure PbTiO3_3 on a cubic substrate. The results for the superlattice show an enhancement of the stability of the monoclinic r-phase with respect to pure PbTiO3_3. Analysis of the lattice instabilities of the relaxed centrosymmetric reference structure computed within density functional perturbation theory suggests that this results from the presence of two unstable zone-center modes, one confined in the PbTiO3_3 layer and one in the PbZrO3_3 layer, which produce in-plane and normal components of the polarization, respectively. The zero-temperature dielectric response is computed and shown to be enhanced not only near the phase boundaries, but throughout the r-phase. Analysis of the analogous calculation for pure PbTiO3_3 is consistent with this interpretation, and suggests useful approaches to engineering the dielectric properties of artificially structured perovskite oxides.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

    Observation of Two New N* Peaks in J/psi -> ppi−nˉp pi^- \bar n and pˉπ+n\bar p\pi^+n Decays

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    The πN\pi N system in decays of J/ψ→NˉNπJ/\psi\to\bar NN\pi is limited to be isospin 1/2 by isospin conservation. This provides a big advantage in studying N∗→πNN^*\to \pi N compared with πN\pi N and γN\gamma N experiments which mix isospin 1/2 and 3/2 for the πN\pi N system. Using 58 million J/ψJ/\psi decays collected with the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, more than 100 thousand J/ψ→pπ−nˉ+c.c.J/\psi \to p \pi^- \bar n + c.c. events are obtained. Besides two well known N∗N^* peaks at 1500 MeV and 1670 MeV, there are two new, clear N∗N^* peaks in the pπp\pi invariant mass spectrum around 1360 MeV and 2030 MeV. They are the first direct observation of the N∗(1440)N^*(1440) peak and a long-sought "missing" N∗N^* peak above 2 GeV in the πN\pi N invariant mass spectrum. A simple Breit-Wigner fit gives the mass and width for the N∗(1440)N^*(1440) peak as 1358±6±161358\pm 6 \pm 16 MeV and 179±26±50179\pm 26\pm 50 MeV, and for the new N∗N^* peak above 2 GeV as 2068±3−40+152068\pm 3^{+15}_{-40} MeV and 165±14±40165\pm 14\pm 40 MeV, respectively

    Search for Invisible Decays of η\eta and η′\eta^\prime in J/ψ→ϕηJ/\psi \to \phi\eta and ϕη′\phi \eta^\prime

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    Using a data sample of 58×10658\times 10^6 J/ψJ/\psi decays collected with the BES II detector at the BEPC, searches for invisible decays of η\eta and η′\eta^\prime in J/ψJ/\psi to ϕη\phi\eta and ϕη′\phi\eta^\prime are performed. The ϕ\phi signals, which are reconstructed in K+K−K^+K^- final states, are used to tag the η\eta and η′\eta^\prime decays. No signals are found for the invisible decays of either η\eta or η′\eta^\prime, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level are determined to be 1.65×10−31.65 \times 10^{-3} for the ratio B(η→invisible)B(η→γγ)\frac{B(\eta\to \text{invisible})}{B(\eta\to\gamma\gamma)} and 6.69×10−26.69\times 10^{-2} for B(η′→invisible)B(η′→γγ)\frac{B(\eta^\prime\to \text{invisible})}{B(\eta^\prime\to\gamma\gamma)}. These are the first searches for η\eta and η′\eta^\prime decays into invisible final states.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; Added references, Corrected typo

    Direct Measurements of the Branching Fractions for D0→K−e+νeD^0 \to K^-e^+\nu_e and D0→π−e+νeD^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e and Determinations of the Form Factors f+K(0)f_{+}^{K}(0) and f+π(0)f^{\pi}_{+}(0)

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    The absolute branching fractions for the decays D0→K−e+νeD^0 \to K^-e ^+\nu_e and D0→π−e+νeD^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e are determined using 7584±198±3417584\pm 198 \pm 341 singly tagged Dˉ0\bar D^0 sample from the data collected around 3.773 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC. In the system recoiling against the singly tagged Dˉ0\bar D^0 meson, 104.0±10.9104.0\pm 10.9 events for D0→K−e+νeD^0 \to K^-e ^+\nu_e and 9.0±3.69.0 \pm 3.6 events for D0→π−e+νeD^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e decays are observed. Those yield the absolute branching fractions to be BF(D0→K−e+νe)=(3.82±0.40±0.27)BF(D^0 \to K^-e^+\nu_e)=(3.82 \pm 0.40\pm 0.27)% and BF(D0→π−e+νe)=(0.33±0.13±0.03)BF(D^0 \to \pi^-e^+\nu_e)=(0.33 \pm 0.13\pm 0.03)%. The vector form factors are determined to be ∣f+K(0)∣=0.78±0.04±0.03|f^K_+(0)| = 0.78 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.03 and ∣f+π(0)∣=0.73±0.14±0.06|f^{\pi}_+(0)| = 0.73 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.06. The ratio of the two form factors is measured to be ∣f+π(0)/f+K(0)∣=0.93±0.19±0.07|f^{\pi}_+(0)/f^K_+(0)|= 0.93 \pm 0.19 \pm 0.07.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

    Measurements of the observed cross sections for e+e−→e^+e^-\to exclusive light hadrons containing π0π0\pi^0\pi^0 at s=3.773\sqrt s= 3.773, 3.650 and 3.6648 GeV

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    By analyzing the data sets of 17.3, 6.5 and 1.0 pb−1^{-1} taken, respectively, at s=3.773\sqrt s= 3.773, 3.650 and 3.6648 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider, we measure the observed cross sections for e+e−→π+π−π0π0e^+e^-\to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0, K+K−π0π0K^+K^-\pi^0\pi^0, 2(π+π−π0)2(\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0), K+K−π+π−π0π0K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0 and 3(π+π−)π0π03(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^0\pi^0 at the three energy points. Based on these cross sections we set the upper limits on the observed cross sections and the branching fractions for ψ(3770)\psi(3770) decay into these final states at 90% C.L..Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

    Partial wave analysis of J/\psi \to \gamma \phi \phi

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    Using 5.8×107J/ψ5.8 \times 10^7 J/\psi events collected in the BESII detector, the radiative decay J/ψ→γϕϕ→γK+K−KS0KL0J/\psi \to \gamma \phi \phi \to \gamma K^+ K^- K^0_S K^0_L is studied. The ϕϕ\phi\phi invariant mass distribution exhibits a near-threshold enhancement that peaks around 2.24 GeV/c2c^{2}. A partial wave analysis shows that the structure is dominated by a 0−+0^{-+} state (η(2225)\eta(2225)) with a mass of 2.24−0.02+0.03−0.02+0.032.24^{+0.03}_{-0.02}{}^{+0.03}_{-0.02} GeV/c2c^{2} and a width of 0.19±0.03−0.04+0.060.19 \pm 0.03^{+0.06}_{-0.04} GeV/c2c^{2}. The product branching fraction is: Br(J/ψ→γη(2225))⋅Br(η(2225)→ϕϕ)=(4.4±0.4±0.8)×10−4Br(J/\psi \to \gamma \eta(2225))\cdot Br(\eta(2225)\to \phi\phi) = (4.4 \pm 0.4 \pm 0.8)\times 10^{-4}.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. corrected proof for journa

    Measurements of the observed cross sections for exclusive light hadron production in e^+e^- annihilation at \sqrt{s}= 3.773 and 3.650 GeV

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    By analyzing the data sets of 17.3 pb−1^{-1} taken at s=3.773\sqrt{s}=3.773 GeV and 6.5 pb−1^{-1} taken at s=3.650\sqrt{s}=3.650 GeV with the BESII detector at the BEPC collider, we have measured the observed cross sections for 12 exclusive light hadron final states produced in e+e−e^+e^- annihilation at the two energy points. We have also set the upper limits on the observed cross sections and the branching fractions for ψ(3770)\psi(3770) decay to these final states at 90% C.L.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figur

    Direct Measurements of Absolute Branching Fractions for D0 and D+ Inclusive Semimuonic Decays

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    By analyzing about 33 pb−1\rm pb^{-1} data sample collected at and around 3.773 GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider, we directly measure the branching fractions for the neutral and charged DD inclusive semimuonic decays to be BF(D0→μ+X)=(6.8±1.5±0.7)BF(D^0 \to \mu^+ X) =(6.8\pm 1.5\pm 0.7)% and BF(D+→μ+X)=(17.6±2.7±1.8)BF(D^+ \to \mu^+ X) =(17.6 \pm 2.7 \pm 1.8)%, and determine the ratio of the two branching fractions to be BF(D+→μ+X)BF(D0→μ+X)=2.59±0.70±0.25\frac{BF(D^+ \to \mu^+ X)}{BF(D^0 \to \mu^+ X)}=2.59\pm 0.70 \pm 0.25

    Measurements of J/psi Decays into 2(pi+pi-)eta and 3(pi+pi-)eta

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    Based on a sample of 5.8X 10^7 J/psi events taken with the BESII detector, the branching fractions of J/psi--> 2(pi+pi-)eta and J/psi-->3(pi+pi-)eta are measured for the first time to be (2.26+-0.08+-0.27)X10^{-3} and (7.24+-0.96+-1.11)X10^{-4}, respectively.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
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