917 research outputs found
Wigner Crystalization in the Lowest Landau Level for
By means of exact diagonalization we study the low-energy states of seven
electrons in the lowest Landau level which are confined by a cylindric external
potential modelling the rest of a macroscopic system and thus controlling the
filling factor . Wigner crystal is found to be the ground state for
filling factors between and provided electrons
interact via the bare Coulomb potential. Even at the solid state has
lower energy than the Laughlin's one, although the two energies are rather
close. We also discuss the role of pseudopotential parameters in the lowest
Landau level and demonstrate that the earlier reported gapless state, appearing
when the short-range part of the interaction is suppressed, has nothing in
common with the Wigner crystalization in pure Coulomb case.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex, 8 figure
Donor Centers and Absorption Spectra in Quantum Dots
We have studied the electronic properties and optical absorption spectra of
three different cases of donor centers, D^{0}, D^{-} and D^{2-}, which are
subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field, using the exact diagonalization
method. The energies of the lowest lying states are obtained as function of the
applied magnetic field strength B and the distance zeta between the positive
ion and the confinement xy-plane. Our calculations indicate that the positive
ion induces transitions in the ground-state, which can be observed clearly in
the absorption spectra, but as zeta goes to 0 the strength of the applied
magnetic field needed for a transition to occur tends to infinity.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX 4, gzipped tar fil
From semiclassical transport to quantum Hall effect under low-field Landau quantization
The crossover from the semiclassical transport to quantum Hall effect is
studied by examining a two-dimensional electron system in an AlGaAs/GaAs
heterostructure. By probing the magneto-oscillations, it is shown that the
semiclassical Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) formulation can be valid even when the
minima of the longitudinal resistivity approach zero. The extension of the
applicable range of the SdH theory could be due to the damping effects
resulting from disorder and temperature. Moreover, we observed plateau-plateau
transition like behavior with such an extension. From our study, it is
important to include the positive magnetoresistance to refine the SdH theory.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Coupled Effects of Strain Rate and Temperature on Deformation Twinning in Cu-Zn Alloy
Cu-Zn alloy is an advanced material, but its deformation twinning mechanism still keeps unknown so far, especially the couple effects of temperature and strain rate. In this paper, a theoretical model of Cu-Zn alloy is proposed by considering the coupled effects of strain rate and temperature. The model can predict the experimentally observed tendency of the spacing evolution of twin boundary (TB) accurately, and it is known that low temperature and high strain rate will promote deformation twinning. Moreover, deformation twining is more susceptible to low temperature than to high strain rate, and TB spacing and twin layer thickness will decrease with high strain rate and low temperature
Power-law behaviour evaluation from foreign exchange market data using a wavelet transform method
Numerous studies in the literature have shown that the dynamics of many time series including observations in foreign exchange markets exhibit scaling behaviours. A simple new statistical approach, derived from the concept of the continuous wavelet transform correlation function (WTCF), is proposed for the evaluation of power-law properties from observed data. The new method reveals that foreign exchange rates obey power-laws and thus belong to the class of self-similarity processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Absence of First-order Transition and Tri-critical Point in the Dynamic Phase Diagram of a Spatially Extended Bistable System in an Oscillating Field
It has been well established that spatially extended, bistable systems that
are driven by an oscillating field exhibit a nonequilibrium dynamic phase
transition (DPT). The DPT occurs when the field frequency is on the order of
the inverse of an intrinsic lifetime associated with the transitions between
the two stable states in a static field of the same magnitude as the amplitude
of the oscillating field. The DPT is continuous and belongs to the same
universality class as the equilibrium phase transition of the Ising model in
zero field [G. Korniss et al., Phys. Rev. E 63, 016120 (2001); H. Fujisaka et
al., Phys. Rev. E 63, 036109 (2001)]. However, it has previously been claimed
that the DPT becomes discontinuous at temperatures below a tricritical point
[M. Acharyya, Phys. Rev. E 59, 218 (1999)]. This claim was based on
observations in dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of a multipeaked probability
density for the dynamic order parameter and negative values of the fourth-order
cumulant ratio. Both phenomena can be characteristic of discontinuous phase
transitions. Here we use classical nucleation theory for the decay of
metastable phases, together with data from large-scale dynamic Monte Carlo
simulations of a two-dimensional kinetic Ising ferromagnet, to show that these
observations in this case are merely finite-size effects. For sufficiently
small systems and low temperatures, the continuous DPT is replaced, not by a
discontinuous phase transition, but by a crossover to stochastic resonance. In
the infinite-system limit the stochastic-resonance regime vanishes, and the
continuous DPT should persist for all nonzero temperatures
Stable and Metastable Structures of Cobalt on Cu(001): An ab initio Study
We report results of density-functional theory calculations on the
structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of (1x1)-structures of Co on
Cu(001) for coverages up to two monolayers. In particular we discuss the
tendency towards phase separation in Co islands and the possibility of
segregation of Cu on top of the Co-film. A sandwich structure consisting of a
bilayer Co-film covered by 1ML of Cu is found to be the lowest-energy
configuration. We also discuss a bilayer c(2x2)-alloy which may form due to
kinetic reasons, or be stabilized at strained surface regions. Furthermore, we
study the influence of magnetism on the various structures and, e.g., find that
Co adlayers induce a weak spin-density wave in the copper substrate.Comment: 11 pages including 4 figures. Related publications can be found at
http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm
Singularly Perturbed Monotone Systems and an Application to Double Phosphorylation Cycles
The theory of monotone dynamical systems has been found very useful in the
modeling of some gene, protein, and signaling networks. In monotone systems,
every net feedback loop is positive. On the other hand, negative feedback loops
are important features of many systems, since they are required for adaptation
and precision. This paper shows that, provided that these negative loops act at
a comparatively fast time scale, the main dynamical property of (strongly)
monotone systems, convergence to steady states, is still valid. An application
is worked out to a double-phosphorylation ``futile cycle'' motif which plays a
central role in eukaryotic cell signaling.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, corrected typos, references remove
Band Structure Asymmetry of Bilayer Graphene Revealed by Infrared Spectroscopy
We report on infrared spectroscopy of bilayer graphene integrated in gated structures. We observe a significant asymmetry in the optical conductivity upon electrostatic doping of electrons and holes. We show that this finding arises from a marked asymmetry between the valence and conduction bands, which is mainly due to the inequivalence of the two sublattices within the graphene layer and the next-nearest-neighbor interlayer coupling. From the conductivity data, the energy difference of the two sublattices and the interlayer coupling energy are directly determined
Pressure-dependence of electron-phonon coupling and the superconducting phase in hcp Fe - a linear response study
A recent experiment by Shimizu et al. has provided evidence of a
superconducting phase in hcp Fe under pressure. To study the
pressure-dependence of this superconducting phase we have calculated the phonon
frequencies and the electron-phonon coupling in hcp Fe as a function of the
lattice parameter, using the linear response (LR) scheme and the full potential
linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) method. Calculated phonon spectra and the
Eliashberg functions indicate that conventional s-wave
electron-phonon coupling can definitely account for the appearance of the
superconducting phase in hcp Fe. However, the observed change in the transition
temperature with increasing pressure is far too rapid compared with the
calculated results. For comparison with the linear response results, we have
computed the electron-phonon coupling also by using the rigid muffin-tin (RMT)
approximation. From both the LR and the RMT results it appears that
electron-phonon interaction alone cannot explain the small range of volume over
which superconductivity is observed. It is shown that
ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations as well as scattering from
magnetic impurities (spin-ordered clusters) can account for the observed values
of the transition temperatures but cannot substantially improve the agreeemnt
between the calculated and observed presure/volume range of the superconducting
phase. A simplified treatment of p-wave pairing leads to extremely small ( K) transition temperatures. Thus our calculations seem to rule out
both - and - wave superconductivity in hcp Fe.Comment: 12 pages, submitted to PR
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