Endofyten in grassen induceren de vorming van alkaloiden

Deze schimmels gedragen zich als (parasitaire) pathogenen maar er kan ook een symbiose bestaan tussen schimmel en plant. Dit laatste komt voort uit de produktie van alkaloiden die de planten een zekere resistentie geven tegen o.a. insektenvraat. Een bepalingsmethode op basis van de geproduceerde alkaloiden zou een efficiente en betrouwbare toets kunnen opleveren voor controlerende instanties en exporterende bedrijve

Enzymatic modification

The invention relates to an enzymatic oxidation process comprising of bringing together an oxidative enzyme, a hydrogen acceptor and a hydrogen donor in a reaction mixture and causing an oxidative reaction to proceed in the reaction mixture under the influence of the enzyme with at least the hydrogen acceptor and the hydrogen donor as substrate, wherein a substrate for cross-linking is optionally further present in the reaction mixture and the hydrogen donor serves as cross-linking agent herefor. In a first alternative embodiment the hydrogen donor is converted by the oxidative enzyme into a radical which subsequently serves as initiator in the polymerization of monomers also present in the reaction mixture, in particular acrylates. In a second alternative embodiment the hydrogen donor is an organic dye molecule which is linked by the oxidative enzymatic reaction to one or more other organic dye molecules

Enzymatic modification

The invention relates to an enzymatic oxidation process comprising of bringing together an oxidative enzyme, a hydrogen acceptor and a hydrogen donor in a reaction mixture and causing an oxidative reaction to proceed in the reaction mixture under the influence of the enzyme with at least the hydrogen acceptor and the hydrogen donor as substrate, wherein a substrate for cross-linking is optionally further present in the reaction mixture and the hydrogen donor serves as cross-linking agent herefor. In a first alternative embodiment the hydrogen donor is converted by the oxidative enzyme into a radical which subsequently serves as initiator in the polymerization of monomers also present in the reaction mixture, in particular acrylates. In a second alternative embodiment the hydrogen donor is an organic dye molecule which is linked by the oxidative enzymatic reaction to one or more other organic dye molecules

Production and application of transgenic mushroom mycelium and fruitbodies

The invention involves different methods to modify genetic characteristics of homobasidiomycetes in particular commercial homobasidiomycetes such as the common or button mushroom Agaricus bisporus via treatment with donor DNA or fusions using protoplasts and via matings between strains. The methods may be used for the improvement of commercial characteristics and for the commercial production of enzymes and metabolites. The invention is in particular directed at a method for obtaining a selectable stable transformant of a homobasidiomycete capable of expressing integrated donor DNA comprising at least a dominant selectable marker at a detectable level, wherein said host is optionally non-auxotrophic and can be transformed without cotransformation with said dominant selectable marker and is transformed with said donor DNA. The invention is also directed at a method for production of stable transgenic fruitbodies directly from transformed heterokaryons or indirectly through mating or protoplast fusion of transformants obtained through mating of transformants obtained. A method for provinding a genetic fingerprint of both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic material obtained through transformation is also described as well as a method for producing homokaryotic, material from transformed heterokaryotic material. A specific vector for use in transformation is described as is a method for producing such a vector

Transformation of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus to hygromycin B resistance

Application of biotechnology to the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, has been hampered thus far by the lack of a transformation system. Here, transformation of both a home- and a heterokaryotic strain of A. bisporus to hygromycin B resistance is described. Transforming DNA was integrated into the A. bisporus genome and stably maintained throughout vegetative growth. Transformants of the heterokaryotic strain formed transgenic fruiting bodies. Promoters derived from the unrelated ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans and from A. bisporus itself, were able to drive expression of the hygromycin B resistance gene. Expression controlled by a fragment of 265 bp from the A. bisporus GPD promoter was sufficient to generate transformants. However, transformation efficiency was not enhanced by using this homologous promoter