6 research outputs found
Gait and Force Analysis of Provoked Pig Gait on Clean and Fouled Concrete Surfaces
Gait and force analysis have proven to be useful methods in linking claw injuries to surface material conditions. To determine the relationship between claw disorder and floor properties such as friction and surface abrasiveness, the factors controlling gait must be characterised. The effects of fouled concrete floor conditions on the gait of 10 pigs walking in a curve, using kinematics and kinetics to record gait parameters and slip frequency are described and compared with clean conditions. Pigs adapted to fouled floor conditions by reducing their walking speed and stride length, using a higher number of 3-foot support phases and by lowering diagonality. This adaption produced lower vertical forces, a twofold reduction in propulsion and outward stabilisation force and a threefold increase in braking force, without reducing the peak utilised coefficient of friction (UCOF). The UCOF values for both limbs of the curve walking pigs exceeded the recorded dynamic coefficient of friction and the corresponding UCOF values for pigs walking a straight line in fouled floor condition. As UCOF increased and available friction from the fouled floor surface decreased, this resulted in higher forward and backward slip frequency in both limbs for pigs walking in a curve. Pigs provoked to walk in a curve can adapt to fouled floor condition, but if the floor is heavily fouled this adaption is not sufficient to ensure safe walking
Biomechanical Analysis in Veterinary Practice
Motion analysis systems and other biomechanical techniques are increasingly used in referral and general practice to increase the accuracy of diagnosis or progress reports. Objective measures are particularly useful when the same animal is assessed multiple times (eg, to assess rehabilitation following surgery) or by different members of staff (intra- or interobserver agreement). In addition, subclinical changes or otherwise inaccessible information can be detected. This article gives an overview of biomechanical analysis and explains the practicality and use of several means of gathering kinematic and kinetic data in the veterinary field, as well as indicating applications of their use
Force analysis of unprovoked pig gait on clean and fouled concrete surfaces
Pigs frequently slip and fall on floors, and in some cases they incur injuries. Several studies have shown inadequate floor properties to be the primary cause of most claw disorders in pigs, but to date no clear relationship has been found between claw disorders and floor properties such as friction and surface abrasiveness. To determine this relationship, the factors controlling gait must be characterised. The present study characterised unprovoked pig gait on clean and fouled concrete floor conditions by the use of kinetics. A force plate was used to record kinetic gait parameters such as stance time, vertical and horizontal forces, and time of peak vertical force. In a previous study in was shown that pig gait adaption to fouled floor condition resulted in reduced walking speed and prolonged stance phase. In fouled floor condition gait adaptation in the present study showed a greater reduction in horizontal forces than in vertical forces, which reduced the peak utilised coefficient of friction (UCOF) and delayed the application of full vertical forces by the fore limbs
CIGR E-Journal Volume 7
Peer Reviewed Original Research Articles ---
1.) A. Tambunan, Y. Sagara, Y. Seo, and Y. Kawagoe. Image
Analysis on Temperature Distribution within Lettuce Undergoing
Vacuum Cooling. Manuscript FP 04 002. Vol. VII. January 2005. ---
2.) S. Nimmermark and G. Gustafsson. Influence of Temperature,
Humidity, and Ventilation Rate on the Release of Odour and
Ammonia in a Floor Housing System for Laying Hens. Manuscript
BC 04 008. Vol. VII. March 2005. ---
3.) S. Hassan-Beygi and B. Ghobadian. Noise Attenuation
Characteristics of Different Road Surfaces During Power Tiller
Transport. Manuscript PM 04 009. Vol.VII. March 2005.
4.) L. Pan, P. Shao, and S. Jiang. Separation of Phytosterol and
Synthesized VE Succinate from Rapeseed Oil Deodorizer Distillate.
Manuscript FP 04 010. March 2005. ---
5.) S. Shrestha, F. Kazama, Y. Sakamoto, and S. Bastola.
Statistical Modeling of Pollutant Load in Subbasins of the Fuji
River Basin, Japan. Manuscript LW 05 001. Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
6.) M. Rijo and C. Arranja. Hydraulic Performance of a
Downstream Controlled Irrigation Canal Equipped with Different
Offtake Types. Manuscript LW 04 014. Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
7.) J. Krahl, A. Munack, O. Schroeder, H. Stein, L. Herbst, A.
Kaufmann, and J. Buenger. Fuel Design as Constructional Element
with the Example of Biogenic and Fossil Diesel Fuels. Manuscript
EE 04 008. Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
8.) M. Aradas, I. Naas, and D. Salgado. Comparing the Thermal
Environment in Broiler Houses Using Two Bird Densities Under
Tropical Conditions. Manuscript BC 03 017. Vol. VII. March, 2005.
9.) N. Kyei-Baffour. The Effect of Quality of Rising Capillary Water
on Soil Surface Sodicity. Manuscript LW 04 013. April, 2005.
10.) P. Soni, V. Salokhe, and H. Tantau. Effect of Screen Porosity
on Selected Microclimatic Parameters of Naturally Ventilated
Tropical Greenhouses. Manuscript BC 05 002. Vol. VII. April,
2005. ---
11.) I. Naas, S. Campos, and K. Silva. Comparison of Manual and
Electronic Traceability in Swine Production. Manuscript IT 05 001.
Vol. VII. April, 2005. ---
12.) V. Assaad, J. Jofriet, S. Negi, and G. Hayward. Corrosion of
Reinforced Concrete Specimens Exposed to Hydrogen Sulfide and
Sodium Sulfate. Manuscript BC 03 013. Vol. VII. April, 2005.
13.) S. Sivakumar, R. Manian, K. Kathirvel, and G. Raghavan.
Investigation on the Influence of Machine and Operational
Parameters for the Development of a Manually-Drawn Rice Seeder
for Direct Sowing. Manuscript PM 04 008. Vol. VII. May, 2005. ---
14.) S. Jekayinfa and O. Omisakin. The Energy Potentials of some
Agricultural Wastes as Local Fuel Materials in Nigeria. Manuscript
EE 05 003. Vol. VII. May, 2005. ---
15.) S. Pedersen, S. Morsing, and J. Strom. Simulation of Heat
Requirement and Air Quality in Weaner Houses for Three Climate
Regions Using CIGR 2002 Heat Production Equations. Manuscript
BC 05 001. Vol. VII. June, 2005. ---
16.) V. Carvalho, I. Naas, M. Mollo, and V. Massafera. Prediction
of the Occurrence of Lameness in Dairy Cows using a Fuzzy-Logic
Based Expert System??t I. Manuscript IT 05 002. Vol. VII.
June, 2005. ---
17.) H. Pandorfi and I. Da Silva. Evaluation of the Behavior of
Piglets in Different Heating Systems using Analysis of Image and
Electronic Identification. BC 03 021. Vol. VII. August, 2005.
18.) T. Ozturk and M. Bayrakh. The Possibilities of using Tobacco
Wastes in Producing Lightweight Concrete. Manuscript BC 05 006.
Vol. VII. August, 2005. ---
19.) P. Goodrich, D. Schmidt, and D. Haubenschild. Anaerobic
Digestion for Energy and Pollution Control. Manuscript EE 03 001.
Vol. VII. August, 2005. ---
20.) W. Lee, J. Schueller, and T. Burks. Wagon-Based Silage Yield
Mapping System. Manuscript IT 05 003. Vol. VII. August, 2005.
21.) M. Heinloo, T. Leola, and V. Veinla. Synthesis of the
Manipulator for the Scraper of a Press Manure Removal.
Manuscript MES 05 002. Vol. VII. August, 2005. ---
22.) T. Tomson and A. Annuk. Wind Energy in Estonian Western
Highlands. Manuscript EE 04 001. Vol. VII. September, 2005. ---
23.) G. Bora, M. Schrock, D. Oard, J. Grimm, and T. Kolb.
Performance of a Stacked Valve Multipoint Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) Manifold for Variable Rate Anhydrous Ammonia Application.
Manuscript PM 05 005. Vol.VII. September, 2005. ---
24.) E. Quendler, P. Veith, A. Pohl, and J. Boxberger. More
Security for Kids Around Moving Vehicles on Farms. Manuscript
SAFETY 05 001. Vol. VII. September, 2005. ---
25.) M. Queiroz, I. Naas, C. Sampaio. Estimating Thermal Comfort
for Piglets Considering Ammonia Concentration. Manuscript IT 05
004/BC 05 005. Vol. VII. September, 2005. ---
26.) S. Ojolo and A. Bamgboye. Thermochemical Conversion of
Municipal Solid Waste to Produce Fuel and Reduce Waste.
Manuscript EE 05 006. Vol. VII. September, 2005. ---
27.) Y. Mijinyawa and J. Adetunji. Evaluation of Farm
Transportation System in Osun and Oyo States of Nigeria.
Manuscript LW 05 004. Vol. VII. September, 2005. ---
28.) S. Morsing, S. Pedersen, J. Strom, and L. Jacobsen. Energy
Consumption and Air Quality in Growing-Finishing Pig Houses for
Three Climate Regions Using CIGR 2002 Heat Production
Equations. Manuscript BC 05 007. Vol. VII. September, 2005. ---
29.) R. Schmersahl and V. Scholz. Testing a PEM Fuel Cell System
with Biogas Fuel. Manuscript EE 05 002. Vol. VII. September,
2005. ---
30.) U. Mutwiwa and H. Tantau. Suitability of a UV Lamp for
Trapping the Greenhouse Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum
Westwood (Hom: Aleyrodidae). Manuscript BC 05 004. Vol. VII.
September, 2005. ---
31.) S. Kazemi, N. Wang, M. Ngadi, and S. Prasher. Evaluation of
Frying Oil Quality Using VIS/NIR Hyperspectral Analysis.
Manuscript FP 05 001. Vol. VII. September, 2005. ---
32.) W. Reimann. Down Streaming of Lactic Acid from Hydrolysate
of Barley after Fermentation. Manuscript FP 05 004. Vol. VII.
September, 2005. ---
33.) B. Sarkar and G. Tiwari. Thermal Modeling of a Greenhouse
Fish Pond System. Manuscript BC 05 015. Vol. VII. October, 2005.
34.) S. Ido and M. Bux. Prediction of Evaporation Rate in a Solar
Dryer for Sewage Sludge. Manuscript EE 05 009. Vol. VII.
October, 2005. ---
35.) U. Dhakal, V. Salokhe, H. Tantau, and J. Max. Development
of a Greenhouse Nutrient Recycling System for Tomato Production
in the Humid Tropics. Manuscript BC 05 008. Vol. VII. October,
2005. ---
36.) E. Ajav and B. Adejumo. Performance Evaluation of an Okra
Thresher. Manuscript PM 04 006. Vol. VII. October, 2005. ---
37.) K. Patil, T. Bowser, D. Bellmer, and R. Huhnke. Fluidization
Characteristics of Sand and Chopped Switchgrass-Sand Mixtures.
Manuscript EE 04 005. Vol. VII. October, 2005. ---
38.) S. Al-Kufaishi, S. Blackmore, H. Sourell, and G. Maletti.
Assessment of Two Variable Rate Irrigation Controllers used on a
Centre-Pivot. Manuscript LW 05 002. Vol. VII. October, 2005. ---
39.) P. Maly, T. Hoffman, and Ch. Furll. Gentle Harvest of
Potatoes in Storage Boxes. Manuscript FP 05 002. Vol. VII.
October, 2005. ---
40.) M. Reza Ehsani, C. Divaker Durairaj, S. Woods, and M.
Sullivan. Potential Application of Electrical Conductivity(EC) Map
for Variable Rate Seeding. Manuscript IT 05 006. Vol. VII.
November, 2005. ---
41.) O. Kitani, K. Roy, M. Yoshida, and R. Endo. Control of Water
Environment of Plants using Waste Biomass. Manuscript LW 05
007. Vol. VII. November, 2005. ---
42.) J. Hou, Y. Qian, G. Lui, and R. Dong. The Influence of
Temperature, pH, and C/N Ratio on the Growth and Survival of
Earthworms in Municipal Solid Waste. Manuscript FP 04 014. Vol
VII. November, 2005. ---
43.) G. Gustafsson, K-H. Jeppsson, J. Hultgren, and J-O. Sanno.
Techniques to Reduce the Ammonia Release from a Cowshed with
Tied Dairy Cattle. Manuscript BC 04 010. Vol. VII. November,
2005. ---
44.) K. Hassenberg and Chr. Idler. Influence of Washing Method
on the Quality of Prepacked Iceberg Lettuce. Manuscript FP 05
003. Vol. VII. November, 2005. ---
45.) E. Mamman and K. Oni. Draught Performance of a Range of
Model Chisel Furrowers. Manuscript PM 05 003. Vol. VII.
November, 2005. ---
46.) E. Mamman, B. Umar, and N. Aviara. Effect of Moisture
Content and Loading Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of
Balanites Aegyptiaca Nuts. Manuscript FP 04 015. Vol. VII.
December, 2005. ---
47.) Y. Yiljep, G. Fumen, and E. Ajisegiri. The Effects of Peeling,
Splitting and Drying on Ginger Quality and Oil/oleoresin Content.
Manuscript FP 05 009. Vol. VII. December, 2005. ---
48.) Y. Yiljep and U. Mohammed. Effect of Knife Velocity on
Cutting Energy and Efficiency during Impact Cutting of Sorghum
Stalk. Manuscript PM 05 004. Vol. VII. December, 2005. ---
49.) G. Gustafsson and E. von Wachenfelt. Measures against
Ammonia Release in a Floor Housing System for Laying Hens.
Manuscript BC 05 003. Vol. VII. December, 2005. ---
50.) A. Prochnow, M. Heiermann, A. Drenckhan, and H. Schelle.
Seasonal Pattern of Biomethanisation of Grass from Landscape
Managemant. Manuscript EE 05 011. Vol. VII. December, 2005. ---
51.) A. Wagner and W. Buescher. Compression Characteristics of
Wilted Grass. Manuscript IT 05 007. Vol. VII. December, 2005. ---
52.) H. Kushwaha, A. Srivastava, and H. Singh. Development and
Performance Evaluation of an Okra Seed Extractor. Manuscript PM
05 001. Vol. VII. December, 2005. ----
53.) P. Mahnert, M. Heiermann, and B. Linke. Batch- and Semicontinuous Biogas Production from Different Grass Species.
Manuscript EE 05 010. Vol. VII. December, 2005. ---
Invited Overview Articles ---
1.) L. Pereira. Water and Agriculture: Facing Water Scarcity and
Environmental Challenges. Invited Overview. Vol. VII. February
2005. ---
2.) A. Raji and A. Olamutu. Prospects of Computer Vision
Automated Sorting Systems in Agricultural Process Operations in
Nigeria. Invited Overview. Vol. VII. February 2005. ---
3.) J. Yuan. The Status of China's Agricultural Machinery Industry
and the Prospects for International Cooperation. Invited Overview.
Club of Bologna. Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
4.) S. Li. Agricultural Mechanization Promotion in China-Current
Situation and Future. Invited Overview. Club of Bologna. Vol. VII.
March, 2005. ---
5.) G. Gavioli. Cost Benefits of the Platform Principles for Tractors
and Other Agricultural Machinery. Invited Overview. Club of
Bologna. Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
6.) G. Gavioli. Cost Benefits of the Platform Principles for Tractors
and Other Agricultural Machinery. Invited Overview. Power Point
Slides. Club of Bologna. Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
7.) A. Segre and H. Petrics. EU Enlargement and its Influence on
Agriculture and Mechanisation. Invited Overview. Club of Bologna.
Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
8.) E. Gasparetto. Conclusions and recommendations. Invited
Overview. Club of Bologna. Vol. VII. March, 2005. ---
9.) J. Ullman. Remedial Activities to Reduce Atmospheric
Pollutants from Animal Feeding Operations. Invited Overview. Vol.
VII. June, 2005. ---
10.) Y. Mijinyawa. Agricultural Engineering Education in Nigeria.
Invited Overview. Vol. VII. August. 2005