Sustainable treatment potential of mixed algal consortia for domestic waste water: Growth and mixotrophy

The increasing levels of generation of nutrient-rich waste water pose serious challenge. Conventional biological and chemical methods of waste water treatment have failed in meeting sustainability challenges. Naturally occurring mixed algal species reared in mixotrophic growth modes have been deployed to recover nutrients (N and P) from domestic wastewater after anaerobic digestion. In this paper, we present the results pertaining to growth and mixotrophy. Pilot-scale operation shows that the cultivation methods adopted and the use of naturally selected species lead to a tendency among these species to clump at certain stages of growth that in turn float or settle rapidly making algal harvest and thereby the nutrient recovery processes energy efficient. The highest settling rate was found to be 6.37 ± 1.6 g/m2/d. Mixotrophy was seen to contribute 15 – 24 % across the various algal consortia in wastewater (polyculture)

Lignin loss under AD in monocot and gymnosperm biomass

Lignin degradation in digesting biomass substrates of monocot and gymnosperm feedstocks fed into a biogas plant was studied and is reported for the first time with significant implications on biomethanation and bioethanol production. Around 0.013g/gTS/d lignin loss in monocots and 0.007g/gTS/d in gymnosperms was achieved during 30d. In the case of monocots the lignin degraded from substrate was found to be predominantly from cell wall and vascular bundles while in case of gymnosperms it was only from the cell walls. Changes in FT-IR spectra confirmed the alteration in core structure of lignin characterized by loss of H and S subunits in case of monocot biomass. For gymnosperms only a few S units were lost without bringing any changes to the core lignin structure. A correlation was attempted between lignin loss and loss of other constituents of biomass to understand the changes in the architecture of biomass during AD and its relevance to predicting biogas production potential

Resource recovery potential from secondary components of segregated municipal solid wastes

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Treatment of household greywater laden with household chemical products in a multi-chambered anaerobic biofilm reactor

Anaerobic treatment of greywater (GW) is challenging due to the presence of recalcitrant household chemical products (HCP) that inhibit the activity and growth of organic pollutant degrading anaerobic microbes. This research attempted to overcome this challenge through a novel, mull-chambered anaerobic biofilm reactor (AnBR) containing fluidized PVC media and packed bed lignocellulosic fiber (Cows nucifera) as biofilm support. The long-term effects of feeding HCP laden GW and effluent recycling on the performance of AnBR were corroborated with the bioconversion data and microbial community dynamics. The results indicated that the composition of wastewater and recycling both determine the rates of COD removal, microbial population, and diversity in AnBR. The inhibitory effects exhibited by GW constituents reduced the COD removal efficiencies by 74-94% in comparison to standard substrates (SS), while simultaneously reducing microbial population and diversity by 30-40%. Effluent recycling in GW and SS fed AnBR enhanced the rates of COD removal from 160 mg/L.day to 214 mg/L.day, and 627 mg/L.day to 3540 mg/L.day respectively, with the selective enrichment of Proteobacteria sp. and Methanogenic sp. The GW fed AnBR was dominated by aromatics degrading species of alpha-Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, etc., whereas, SS fed AnBR were inhabited by fermentative species of delta-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, etc