249 research outputs found
Comparative quantitative analysis reveals preserved structural connectivity patterns in the human and macaque brain
The macaque brain serves as a model for the human brain, but its suitability is challenged by unique human features, including connectivity reconfigurations, which emerged during primate evolution. We perform a quantitative comparative analysis of the whole brain macroscale structural connectivity of the two species. Our findings suggest that the human and macaque brain as a whole are similarly wired. A region-wise analysis reveals many interspecies similarities of connectivity patterns, but also lack thereof, primarily involving cingulate and parietal regions. We unravel a common structural backbone in both species involving a highly overlapping set of regions. This structural backbone, important for mediating information across the brain, constitutes a feature of the primate brain persevering evolution. Our findings illustrate novel evolutionary aspects at the macroscale connectivity level, including the existence of common topological structures, and offer a quantitative translational bridge between macaque and human research
An efficient approach for spin-angular integrations in atomic structure calculations
A general method is described for finding algebraic expressions for matrix
elements of any one- and two-particle operator for an arbitrary number of
subshells in an atomic configuration, requiring neither coefficients of
fractional parentage nor unit tensors. It is based on the combination of second
quantization in the coupled tensorial form, angular momentum theory in three
spaces (orbital, spin and quasispin), and a generalized graphical technique.
The latter allows us to calculate graphically the irreducible tensorial
products of the second quantization operators and their commutators, and to
formulate additional rules for operations with diagrams. The additional rules
allow us to find graphically the normal form of the complicated tensorial
products of the operators. All matrix elements (diagonal and non-diagonal with
respect to configurations) differ only by the values of the projections of the
quasispin momenta of separate shells and are expressed in terms of completely
reduced matrix elements (in all three spaces) of the second quantization
operators. As a result, it allows us to use standard quantities uniformly for
both diagona and off-diagonal matrix elements
Extended morphometric analysis of neuronal cells with Minkowski valuations
Minkowski valuations provide a systematic framework for quantifying different
aspects of morphology. In this paper we apply vector- and tensor-valued
Minkowski valuations to neuronal cells from the cat's retina in order to
describe their morphological structure in a comprehensive way. We introduce the
framework of Minkowski valuations, discuss their implementation for neuronal
cells and show how they can discriminate between cells of different types.Comment: 14 pages, 18 postscript figure
Scholarly communication in transition: The use of question marks in the titles of scientific articles in medicine, life sciences and physics 1966–2005
The titles of scientific articles have a special significance. We examined nearly 20 million scientific articles and recorded the development of articles with a question mark at the end of their
titles over the last 40 years. Our study was confined to the disciplines of physics, life sciences and medicine, where we found a significant increase from 50% to more than 200% in the number of articles with question-mark titles. We looked at the principle functions and structure of the titles of scientific papers, and we assume that marketing aspects are one of the decisive factors behind the growing usage of question-mark titles in scientific articles
Cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic characterization of the prefrontal cortical areas in the mouse
This study describes cytoarchitectonic criteria to define the prefrontal cortical areas in the mouse brain (C57BL/6 strain). Currently, well-illustrated mouse brain stereotaxic atlases are available, which, however, do not provide a description of the distinctive cytoarchitectonic characteristics of individual prefrontal areas. Such a description is of importance for stereological, neuronal tracing, and physiological, molecular and neuroimaging studies in which a precise parcellation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is required. The present study describes and illustrates: the medial prefrontal areas, i.e., the infralimbic, prelimbic, dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate and Fr2 area; areas of the lateral PFC, i.e., the dorsal agranular insular cortical areas and areas of the ventral PFC, i.e., the lateral, ventrolateral, ventral and medial orbital areas. Each cytoarchitectonically defined boundary is corroborated by one or more chemoarchitectonic stainings, i.e., acetylcholine esterase, SMI32, SMI311, dopamine, parvalbumin, calbindin and myelin staining
An analysis of ultraviolet spectra of Extreme Helium Stars and new clues to their origins
Abundances of about 18 elements including the heavy elements Y and Zr are
determined from Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
ultraviolet spectra of seven extreme helium stars (EHes): LSE 78, BD+10 2179,
V1920 Cyg, HD 124448, PV Tel, LS IV -1 2, and FQ Aqr. New optical spectra of
the three stars -- BD+10 2179, V1920 Cyg, and HD 124448 were analysed. The
abundance analyses is done using LTE line formation and LTE model atmospheres
especially constructed for these EHe stars. The stellar parameters derived from
an EHe's UV spectrum are in satisfactory agreement with those derived from its
optical spectrum. Adopted abundances for the seven EHes are from a combination
of the UV and optical analyses. Published results for an additional ten EHes
provide abundances obtained in a nearly uniform manner for a total of 17 EHes,
the largest sample on record. The initial metallicity of an EHe is indicated by
the abundance of elements from Al to Ni; Fe is adopted to be the representative
of initial metallicity. Iron abundances range from approximately solar to about
one-hundredth of solar. Clues to EHe evolution are contained within the H, He,
C, N, O, Y, and Zr abundances. Two novel results are (i) the O abundance for
some stars is close to the predicted initial abundance yet the N abundance
indicates almost complete conversion of initial C, N, and O to N by the
CNO-cycles; (ii) three of the seven stars with UV spectra show a strong
enhancement of Y and Zr attributable to an s-process. The observed compositions
are discussed in light of expectations from accretion of a He white dwarf by a
CO white dwarf.Comment: 126 pages, 15 figures, 20 Tables, accepted for publication in the Ap
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