Stall- und weidebasierte Milchproduktionssysteme Analysen zur Lebensmittelkonversionseffizienz

Reducing the amount of human-edible feed in livestock diets is a key factor towards more sustainable livestock systems. Based on results from a conventional wholesystem study comparing performance, efficiency, land productivity, and profitability of an indoor-feeding system (SH) and a pasture-based dairy production system (VW) in lowlands of Central Switzerland, the net contribution of these systems to human food protein and energy supply was analysed. Depending on the presumed human-edible fraction, the system VW produced between 6.6 and 11.2 times more human-edible protein and 3.5 to 6.6 times more human-edible energy via animal products than the animals consumed via feeds. For the group SH, these factors were clearly lower but still in a positive range (1.0 to 2.5 and 0.9 and 1.9 for protein and energy respectively). In addition, protein quality in the animal products was considerable higher than protein quality in the potentially human-edible feed components

Platelet-activating factor and hyperacute rejection: The effect of a platelet-activating factor antagonist, sri 63-441, on rejection of xenografts and allografts in sensitized hosts

The pathogenesis of hyperacute transplantation reactions includes the activation of a cascade of nonspecific inflammatory reactions that precipitates the destruction of the target organ. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) represents an important component of these inflammatory cascades, and we have examined the influence of a specific PAF receptor antagonist (SRI 63-441) on the inhibition of hyperacute rejection in two experimental models, the rejection of rat cardiac allografts by presensitized recipients and guinea pig-to-rat and mouse-to- rat cardiac xenografts. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of PAF function by SRI 63-441 has a variable effect on the survival of cardiac allografts in presensitized rat recipients. In the ACI to sensitized BN cardiac allograft model, the use of SRI 63-441 alone, or in combination with CsA, FK506, or prostaglandin E2(PGE2), does not prolong graft survival. As we have previously reported, SRI 63-441 does act as a single agent to prolong the survival of ACI to sensitized LEW grafts, and this survival effect is synergistic when combined with CsA. Here we extend these results to demonstrate that this survival is also extended when FK506 is used in the ACI-to-LEW model. Concordant mouse-to- rat cardiac xenografts are also relatively resistant to prolongation of graft survival following treatment with SRI 63-441 alone or in combination with CsA or FK506. Discordant xenografts appear to be more susceptible to inhibition of the rejection reaction with SRI 63-441. When either donor or recipient animals were treated with SRI 63-441 alone, or in combination with CsA or FK506, there was significant prolongation of guinea pig-to-rat cardiac xenograft survival. These results are consistent with our earlier description of the effectiveness of SRI 63-441 in preventing the rejection of cat- to-rabbit kidney xenografts. We believe that these resuits demonstrate that the use of the SRI 63-441 to specifically interfere with the function of PAF has the effect of prolonging graft survival in those systems in which preformed antibody and/or complement activation are important components of the hyperacute reaction. This synthetic drug is representative of a family of compounds whose structure can be modified to balance their therapeutic and toxicity activities, and may prove to be important components of a polytherapeutic approach to the control of graft rejection in sensitized patients or following discordant xenografting. © 1990 by Williams and Wilkins

Cutaneous Melanoma and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

No abstrac

Weidehaltung im alpinen Raum

Fachtagung für Biologische Landwirtschaft - Weidehaltung im alpinen Raum Inhalt der Tagung: Ergebnisse zur Kurzrasenweidehaltung im Vergleich zur Schnittnutzung Vergleich der Biomasseproduktion bei Schnittnutzung und Kurzrasenweide unter biologischen Bedingungen im ostalpinen Raum Ampferregulierung durch intensive Beweidung möglich? Ergebnisse aus einem Exaktversuch sowie aus der Praxis Ergebnisse zur Rindfleischproduktion auf der Weide - Kalbin, Ochse, Jungrind Ergebnisse zum Einfluss der Abkalbesaison auf Milchkühe bei Vollweidehaltung Erste Versuchsergebnisse und Erfahrungen zur Weidehaltung von Milchziegen Parasitenbelastung von Weideziegen - Ergebnisse aus einem Versuch sowie aus Praxisuntersuchungen Ergebnisse zur Almrekultivierung mit Schafen - Änderungen in Pflanzenbestand und Vegetationsstruktu

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

The Microanatomic Location of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Sentinel Lymph Nodes Predicts Nonsentinel Lymph Node Involvement

Background: The majority of sentinel node (SN) positive breast cancer patients do not have additional non-SN involvement and may not benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Previous studies in melanoma have suggested that microanatomic localization of SN metastases may predict non-SN involvement. The present study was designed to assess whether these criteria might also be used to be more restrictive in selecting breast cancer patients who would benefit from an ALND. Methods: A consecutive series of 357 patients with invasive breast cancer and a tumorpositive axillary SN, followed by an ALND, was reviewed. Microanatomic SN tumor features (subcapsular, combined subcapsular and parenchymal, parenchymal, extensive localization, multifocality, and the penetrative depth from the SN capsule) were evaluated for their predictive value for non-SN involvement. Results: Non-SN metastases were found in 136/357 cases (38%). Microanatomic location and penetrative depth of SN metastases were significant predictors for non-SN involvement (<0.001); limited penetrative depth was associated with a low frequency of non-SN involvement with a minimal of 10%. Conclusions: Microanatomic location and penetrative depth of breast cancer SN metastases predict non-SN involvement. However, based on these features no subgroup of patients could be selected with less than 10% non-SN involvement

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

The influence of sentinel lymph node tumour burden on additional lymph node involvement and disease-free survival in cutaneous melanoma – a retrospective analysis of 392 cases

Twenty per cent of sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive melanoma patients have positive non-SLN lymph nodes in completion lymph node dissection (CLND). We investigated SLN tumour load, non-sentinel positivity and disease-free survival (DFS) to assess whether certain patients could be spared CLND. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed on 392 patients between 1999 and 2005. Median observation period was 38.8 months. Sentinel lymph node tumour load did not predict non-SLN positivity: 30.8% of patients with SLN macrometastases (⩾2 mm) and 16.4% with micrometastases (⩽2 mm) had non-SLN positivity (P=0.09). Tumour recurrences after positive SLNs were more than twice as frequent for SLN macrometastases (51.3%) than for micrometastases (24.6%) (P=0.005). For patients with SLN micrometastases, the DFS analysis was worse (P=0.003) when comparing those with positive non-SLNs (60% recurrences) to those without (17.6% recurrences). This difference did not translate into significant differences in DFS: patients with SLN micrometastasis, either with (P=0.022) or without additional positive non-SLNs (P<0.0001), fared worse than patients with tumour-free SLNs. The 2-mm cutoff for SLN tumour load accurately predicts differences in DFS. Non-SLN positivity in CLND, however, cannot be predicted. Therefore, contrary to other studies, no recommendations concerning discontinuation of CLND based on SLN tumour load can be deduced

Gγ1, a Downstream Target for the hmgcr-Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Pathway, Is Required for Releasing the Hedgehog Ligand and Directing Germ Cell Migration

The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway leading from the production of mevalonate by HMGCoA reductase (Hmgcr) to the geranylation of the G protein subunit, Gγ1, plays an important role in cardiac development in the fly. Hmgcr has also been implicated in the release of the signaling molecule Hedgehog (Hh) from hh expressing cells and in the production of an attractant that directs primordial germ cells to migrate to the somatic gonadal precursor cells (SGPs). The studies reported here indicate that this same hmgcr→Gγ1 pathway provides a novel post-translational mechanism for modulating the range and activity of the Hh signal produced by hh expressing cells. We show that, like hmgcr, gγ1 and quemao (which encodes the enzyme, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthetase, that produces the substrate for geranylation of Gγ1) are components of the hh signaling pathway and are required for the efficient release of the Hh ligand from hh expressing cells. We also show that the hmgcr→Gγ1 pathway is linked to production of the germ cell attractant by the SGPs through its ability to enhance the potency of the Hh signal. We show that germ cell migration is disrupted by the loss or gain of gγ1 activity, by trans-heterozygous combinations between gγ1 and either hmgcr or hh mutations, and by ectopic expression of dominant negative Gγ1 proteins that cannot be geranylated