Invariant imbedding theory of mode conversion in inhomogeneous plasmas. II. Mode conversion in cold, magnetized plasmas with perpendicular inhomogeneity

A new version of the invariant imbedding theory for the propagation of coupled waves in inhomogeneous media is applied to the mode conversion of high frequency electromagnetic waves into electrostatic modes in cold, magnetized and stratified plasmas. The cases where the external magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the direction of inhomogeneity and the electron density profile is linear are considered. Extensive and numerically exact results for the mode conversion coefficients, the reflectances and the wave electric and magnetic field profiles inside the inhomogeneous plasma are obtained. The dependences of mode conversion phenomena on the magnitude of the external magnetic field, the incident angle and the wave frequency are explored in detail.Comment: 11 figures, to be published in Physics of Plasma

SANS investigation of precipitate microstructure in nickel-base superalloys Waspaloy and DT750

Microstructure of Waspaloy and DT750 Ni-base superalloys was investigated after the heat treatment as well as after long thermal exposure by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). The SANS results clearly showed that there are large differences even between samples of the DT750 superalloy produced using different facilities. The modified heat treatment used for DT750 suppressed the formation of secondary precipitates. A strong influence of the thermal exposure on the superalloy microstructure was observed which can have an impact on the mechanical properties

Creating the conditions for self-fulfilment for aged care residents

In 1991 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Principles for Older Persons as a framework for international policy responses to population ageing. These principles promote independence, participation, care, self-fulfilment and dignity as legitimate entitlements of all older people. Although these principles, or variations of them, are embedded in standards of best-practice in residential aged care facilities, the literature shows that in reality institutional care can deny older people opportunities to exercise some of these entitlements. More specifically, residential aged care facilities can deprive older people of access and support to pursue opportunities for the full development of their potential, i.e. their entitlement to self-fulfilment. This discussion article explores the influence of institutional care on older people’s ability to exercise their entitlement to self-fulfilment. We identify the characteristics of a ‘good life’ in institutional care, according to aged care residents themselves. The Eden AlternativeTM is presented as a model of aged care that aims to create the conditions for a ‘good life’ and self-fulfilment for aged care residents

A review of productivity in strawberries: marketable yield has a linear, but inconsistent relationship with total yield, and cannot be predicted from total yield

Productivity in strawberry (Fragaria ? ananassa) can be recorded by measuring marketable or total yield. The first objective of this review was to determine if marketable yield can be predicted from total yield. The second objective of this review was to develop protocols to accurately determine the productivity of strawberry cultivars. Previous research has not examined the relationship between the two measures of productivity and how to best measure the yield of strawberry cultivars. The relationship between marketable and total yield was assessed by examining the performance of strawberry cultivars across 68 studies. Marketable yield had a linear, but inconsistent relationship with total yield across different cultivars, sites and years. The slope from the regression between marketable and total yield ranged from 0.25 to 0.99, with a median of 0.80, and a mean (and SE) of 0.78 ± 0.01. Marketable yield cannot be predicted from total yield. The results of this review demonstrate that marketable yield is a better indicator of productivity than total yield. Both measures of productivity should be used in future cultivar studies. The results also demonstrate that cultivar experiments that include information on the incidence of fruit defects are better than ones that do not