Quality control in Orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioldes, during ice storage

In this study, changes of TMA and its relation with bacteria count was evaluated in Orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides during ice storage at 18th day. TMA and bacteria count changes were evaluated at days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18. TMA increased at days 0, 3 and 6 but changes during these days were not noticeable and it showed no significant differences (P>0.05). By passing time and from day 9 amount of TMA showed increased compared with other days and had significant difference in the value (P<0.05) such I that reached from 0.96 (day 0) to 12.46ms/100g (day 18). The psychrophilic bacteria showed a more monotonous change relative to the mesophilic bacteria and became dominant in ice through time. Logarithm of colonies of the psychrophilic bacteria per gram increased from 1.37 at day 0 to 7.72 at day I 8th. The mesophilic bacteria showed fluctuations in their number such that at day 15th they decreased and at day 18th, increased. The level of TMA showed significant difference between the first days and last days (P<0.05) such that they increased from 2 at day 0 to 4.61 at day 18th. Bacterial count especially *psychrophilic bacteria were increased during storage, whereas mesophilic bacteria decreased at day 15 of storage. TMA showed relationship with psychrophilic bacteria and storage days (P<0.05, R=0.98)

Waterborne Exophiala species causing disease in cold-blooded animals

The majority of mesophilic waterborne species of the black yeast genus Exophiala (Chaetothyriales) belong to a single clade judging from SSU rDNA data. Most taxa are also found to cause cutaneous or disseminated infections in cold-blooded, water animals, occasionally reaching epidemic proportions. Hosts are mainly fish, frogs, toads, turtles or crabs, all sharing smooth, moist or mucous skins and waterborne or amphibian lifestyles; occasionally superficial infections in humans are noted. Cold-blooded animals with strictly terrestrial life styles, such as reptiles and birds are missing. It is concluded that animals with moist skins, i.e. those being waterborne and those possessing sweat glands, are more susceptible to black yeast infection. Melanin and the ability to assimilate alkylbenzenes are purported general virulence factors. Thermotolerance influences the choice of host. Exophiala species in ocean water mostly have maximum growth temperatures below 30 °C, whereas those able to grow until 33(−36) °C are found in shallow waters and occasionally on humans. Tissue responses vary with the phylogenetic position of the host, the lower animals showing poor granulome formation. Species circumscriptions have been determined by multilocus analyses involving partial ITS, TEF1, BT2 and ACT1

The Effect of Mesalazine on Pain Management in Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Background and Objective: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the common gastrointestinal complaints that is often resistant to standard treatment. Since mesalazine reduces abdominal pain and diarrhea through its anti-inflammatory effects, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mesalazine on pain management in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 100 patients diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome referred to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50, receiving standard treatment (amitriptyline 25 mg) and a group that received mesalazine at a dose of 500 mg for 4 weeks three times a day in addition to standard treatment. Subjects were examined and compared in terms of pain intensity and frequency of discharge and recovery. Findings: The intensity of pain after treatment in the case group was lower than before treatment (4.66±2.29 vs. 7.80±2.01) (p=0.004). Out of 50 patients, 38 people (76.0%) in the case group and only 20 people (40%) in the control group recovered (p<0.001). In the case group, the number of bowel movements after treatment (2.20±0.92) was significantly less than before (4.92±0.92) (p<0.001). In the control group, the number of bowel movements showed a statistically significant difference before and after treatment (5.22±1.07 vs. 2.50±1.19) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, mesalazine is significantly effective in reducing the intensity of pain caused by irritable bowel syndrome. However, there was no difference in the number of excretions

Meromorphic functions with missing coefficients defined by qq-derivative

By considering a fixed point in the punctured unit disk and using the $q$--derivative, a new subfamily of meromorphic and univalent functions is defined. Also, the first and second order {$q$--derivative} of meromorphic functions are introduced. Coefficient bounds, extreme points, radii of starlikeness and convexity are obtained. Furthermore, the convexity and preserving under convolution with some restrictions on parameters are investigate

Development and evaluation of nanoemulsion and microsuspension formulations of curcuminoids for lung delivery with a novel approach to understanding the aerosol performance of nanoparticles

YesExtensive research has demonstrated the potential effectiveness of curcumin against various diseases, including asthma and cancers. However, few studies have used liquid-based vehicles in the preparation of curcumin formulations. Therefore, the current study proposed the use of nanoemulsion and microsuspension formulations to prepare nebulised curcuminoid for lung delivery. Furthermore, this work expressed a new approach to understanding the aerosol performance of nanoparticles compared to microsuspension formulations. The genotoxicity of the formulations was also assessed. Curcuminoid nanoemulsion formulations were prepared in three concentrations (100, 250 and 500 µg/ml) using limonene and oleic acid as oil phases, while microsuspension solutions were prepared by suspending curcuminoid particles in isotonic solution (saline solution) of 0.02% Tween 80. The average fine particle fraction (FPF) and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the nebulised microsuspension formulations ranged from 26% and 7.1 µm to 40% and 5.7 µm, for 1000 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml respectively. In a comparison of the low and high drug concentrations of the nebulised nanoemulsion, the average FPF and MMAD of the nebulised nanoemulsion formulations prepared with limonene oil ranged from 50% and 4.6 µm to 45% and 5.6 µm, respectively; whereas the FPF and MMAD of the nebulised nanoemulsion prepared with oleic acid oil ranged from 46% and 4.9 µm to 44% and 5.6 µm, respectively. The aerosol performance of the microsuspension formulations were concentration dependent, while the nanoemulsion formulations did not appear to be dependent on the curcuminoids concentration. The performance and genotoxicity results of the formulations suggest the suitability of these preparations for further inhalation studies in animals