Activity profile of top-class association football referees in relation to fitness test performance and match standard

The aim of this study was to examine the kinematic activity profiles, cardiovascular responses and physical fitness of top-class football referees (n=11) during the FIFA Confederations Cup 2005. Computerised match-analyses (n=9) were performed with a two-dimensional photogrammetric video system, and the cardiovascular demand imposed on the referees (n=12) was measured using heart rate recordings. Total distance covered was 10,218, s=643 m of which 3531, s=510 m was covered at high intensities (>3.6 m.s(-1)). Both total distance covered (r2=0.59; P=0.02) and high-intensity activities (r2=0.44; P=0.05) were related to the distance covered by the ball in the same match. The referees ran at high speed 37% further (P=0.01) in the actual tournament than during under-17 top-level officiating. After the 5-min interval during which high-speed running peaked, in the following 5 min the performance was reduced by 19% (P=0.01) in relation to the mean of the game. Mean heart rate was 161, s=9 b.min(-1) (86, s=3% of maximal heart rate (HRmax)). Mean heart rate (expressed as percentage of HRmax) was related in part (r2=0.36; P5 m.s(-1)) best describes the physical performance of referees; (3) heart rate recording can be a useful tool to determine the most intense periods of a match and (4) the new fitness tests adopted by FIFA were poor predictors of match activities

Estradiol regulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis via hypothalamic AMPK

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The HMG-I/Y-related protein p8 binds to p300 and Pax2 trans-activation domain-interacting protein to regulate the trans-activation activity of the Pax2A and Pax2B transcription factors on the glucagon gene promoter

p8 is a nuclear DNA-binding protein, which was identified because its expression is strongly activated in response to several stresses. Biochemical and biophysical studies revealed that despite a weak sequence homology p8 is an HMG-I/Y-like protein, suggesting that p8 may be involved in transcription regulation. Results reported here strongly support this hypothesis. Using a pull-down approach, we found that p8 interacts with the general co-activator p300. We also found that, similar to the HMG proteins, p300 was able to acetylate recombinant p8 in vitro, although the significance of such modification remains to be determined. Then a screening by the two-hybrid system, using p8 as bait, allowed us to identify the Pax2 trans-activation domain-interacting protein (PTIP) as another partner of p8. Transient transfection studies revealed that PTIP is a strong inhibitor of the trans-activation activities of Pax2A and Pax2B on the glucagon gene promoter, which was chosen as a model because it is a target of the Pax2A and Pax2B transcription factors. This effect is completely abolished by co-transfection of p8 in glucagon-producing InRIG9 cells, indicating that p8 binding to PTIP prevents inhibition of the glucagon gene promoter. This was not observed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts that do not express glucagon. Finally, expression of p8 enhances the effect of p300 on Pax2A and Pax2B trans-activation of the glucagon gene promoter. These observations suggest that in glucagon-producing cells p8 is a positive cofactor of the activation of the glucagon gene promoter by Pax2A and Pax2B, both by recruiting the p300 cofactor to increase the Pax2A and Pax2B activities and by binding the Pax2-interacting protein PTIP to suppress its inhibition.Fil:Mallo, G.V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.Fil:Moreno, S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina

SopB promotes phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate formation on Salmonella vacuoles by recruiting Rab5 and Vps34

Salmonella colonizes a vacuolar niche in host cells during infection. Maturation of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) involves the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) on its outer leaflet. SopB, a bacterial virulence factor with phosphoinositide phosphatase activity, was proposed to generate PI(3)P by dephosphorylating PI(3,4)P2, PI(3,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3. Here, we examine the mechanism of PI(3)P formation during Salmonella infection. SopB is required to form PI(3,4)P2/PI(3,4,5)P3 at invasion ruffles and PI(3)P on nascent SCVs. However, we uncouple these events experimentally and reveal that SopB does not dephosphorylate PI(3,4)P2/PI(3,4,5)P3 to produce PI(3)P. Instead, the phosphatase activity of SopB is required for Rab5 recruitment to the SCV. Vps34, a PI3-kinase that associates with active Rab5, is responsible for PI(3)P formation on SCVs. Therefore, SopB mediates PI(3)P production on the SCV indirectly through recruitment of Rab5 and its effector Vps34. These findings reveal a link between phosphoinositide phosphatase activity and the recruitment of Rab5 to phagosomes

Una experiencia de diagnóstico del estado de conservación de una colección privada de la ciudad de La Plata

En la ciudad de La Plata se encuentra una casona en cuyo interior se custodia una de las bibliotecas privadas más grandes e importantes del país. Dicho inmueble fue construido en su primer nivel y subsuelo cerca de 1886, habiéndose tratado de un casco de chacra prefundacional a la ciudad; luego se adquirió en 1930 y se incorporaron nuevas instalaciones. La casa es conocida como “La Quinta” y perteneció al reconocido político y profesor universitario Ataúlfo Pérez Aznar. La singularidad de la biblioteca se centra en que conserva aproximadamente 50.000 ejemplares referentes a diversas temáticas entre las que sobresalen Historia, Ciencias Jurídicas, Economía, Arte y Religión

Una experiencia de diagnóstico del estado de conservación de una colección privada de la ciudad de La Plata

En la ciudad de La Plata se encuentra una casona en cuyo interior se custodia una de las bibliotecas privadas más grandes e importantes del país. Dicho inmueble fue construido en su primer nivel y subsuelo cerca de 1886, habiéndose tratado de un casco de chacra prefundacional a la ciudad; luego se adquirió en 1930 y se incorporaron nuevas instalaciones. La casa es conocida como “La Quinta” y perteneció al reconocido político y profesor universitario Ataúlfo Pérez Aznar. La singularidad de la biblioteca se centra en que conserva aproximadamente 50.000 ejemplares referentes a diversas temáticas entre las que sobresalen Historia, Ciencias Jurídicas, Economía, Arte y Religión.Red de Museos de la Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Una experiencia de diagnóstico del estado de conservación de una colección privada de la ciudad de La Plata

En la ciudad de La Plata se encuentra una casona en cuyo interior se custodia una de las bibliotecas privadas más grandes e importantes del país. Dicho inmueble fue construido en su primer nivel y subsuelo cerca de 1886, habiéndose tratado de un casco de chacra prefundacional a la ciudad; luego se adquirió en 1930 y se incorporaron nuevas instalaciones. La casa es conocida como “La Quinta” y perteneció al reconocido político y profesor universitario Ataúlfo Pérez Aznar. La singularidad de la biblioteca se centra en que conserva aproximadamente 50.000 ejemplares referentes a diversas temáticas entre las que sobresalen Historia, Ciencias Jurídicas, Economía, Arte y Religión.Red de Museos de la Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Una experiencia de diagnóstico del estado de conservación de una colección privada de la ciudad de La Plata

En la ciudad de La Plata se encuentra una casona en cuyo interior se custodia una de las bibliotecas privadas más grandes e importantes del país. Dicho inmueble fue construido en su primer nivel y subsuelo cerca de 1886, habiéndose tratado de un casco de chacra prefundacional a la ciudad; luego se adquirió en 1930 y se incorporaron nuevas instalaciones. La casa es conocida como “La Quinta” y perteneció al reconocido político y profesor universitario Ataúlfo Pérez Aznar. La singularidad de la biblioteca se centra en que conserva aproximadamente 50.000 ejemplares referentes a diversas temáticas entre las que sobresalen Historia, Ciencias Jurídicas, Economía, Arte y Religión.Red de Museos de la Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Early development of the malleus and incus in humans.

It is widely accepted by developmental biologists that the malleus and incus of the mammalian middle ear are first pharyngeal arch derivatives, a contention based originally on classical embryology that has now been backed up by molecular evidence from rodent models. However, it has been claimed in several studies of human ossicular development that the manubrium of the malleus and long process of the incus are actually derived from the second arch. This 'dual-arch' interpretation is commonly presented in otolaryngology textbooks, and it has been used by clinicians to explain the aetiology of certain congenital abnormalities of the human middle ear. In order to re-examine the origins of the human malleus and incus, we made three-dimensional reconstructions of the pharyngeal region of human embryos from 7 to 28 mm crown-rump length, based on serial histological sections from the Boyd Collection. We considered the positions of the developing ossicles relative to the pharyngeal pouches and clefts, and the facial and chorda tympani nerves. Confirming observations from previous studies, the primary union between first pharyngeal pouch and first cleft found in our youngest specimens was later lost, the external meatus developing rostroventral to this position. The mesenchyme of the first and second arches in these early embryos seemed to be continuous, but the boundaries of the developing ossicles proved to be very hard to determine at this stage. When first distinguishable, the indications were that both the manubrium of the malleus and the long process of the incus were emerging within the first pharyngeal arch. We therefore conclude that the histological evidence, on balance, favours the 'classical' notion that the human malleus and incus are first-arch structures. The embryological basis of congenital ossicular abnormalities should be reconsidered in this light.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.1252