Levels of glucose, serum albumin and somatic cells before and during early stages of acute clinical mastitis artificially induced in cows by means of human strains of group-B streptococci (GBS) administered intracisternally

The investigation was performed on 3 cows, sampled repeatedly before and during the initial 48h of artificially induced, acute, clinical mastitis. The results of the investigation both augment and support those of earlier work on the levels and significant correlations of glucose, serum albumin and somatic cells in normal and abnormal secretions monitored before and after the usual milking of healthy lactating cows had been suspended. During acute mastitis, udder secretions from artificially infected quarters showed highly significant escalations of somatic cell counts which coincided with equally significant increases on a high and intermediate level of serum albumin values in both the infected and non-infected quarters. Corresponding glucose values fluctuated from 0,07-0,22 and 0,18-0,32 mM in the former and latter quarters respectively. The selective and elevated transfer of serum albumin in otherwise unaffected quarters of acutely mastitic udders suggests rather specific collateral vascular and epithelial changes of unknown nature and magnitude. The data indicate that marked fluctuations of glucose may occur within and between quarters of individual and different cows respectively. Such variations could significantly affect phagocytosis and killing of bacteria challenging the intramammary leucocytic udder barrier before and particularly during manifestation of mastitis. Hence, udder health, although dependent on specific natural defence mechanisms such as the leucocytes and related systems in milk, may depend even more significantly on the supplies of glucose to and within the bovine mammary gland.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

South African cardiovascular risk stratification guideline for non-cardiac surgery

The South African (SA) guidelines for cardiac patients for non-cardiac surgery were developed to address the need for cardiac risk assessment and risk stratification for elective non-cardiac surgical patients in SA, and more broadly in Africa. The guidelines were developed by updating the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management for Patients Who Undergo Non-cardiac Surgery, with a search of literature from African countries and recent publications. The updated proposed guidelines were then evaluated in a Delphi consensus process by SA anaesthesia and vascular surgical experts. The recommendations in these guidelines are: 1. We suggest that elective non-cardiac surgical patients who are 45 years and older with either a history of coronary artery disease, congestive cardiac failure, stroke or transient ischaemic attack, or vascular surgical patients 18 years or older with peripheral vascular disease require further preoperative risk stratification as their predicted 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) risk exceeds 5% (conditional recommendation: moderate-quality evidence). 2. We do not recommend routine non-invasive testing for cardiovascular risk stratification prior to elective non-cardiac surgery in adults (strong recommendation: low-to-moderate-quality evidence). 3. We recommend that elective non-cardiac surgical patients who are 45 years and older with a history of coronary artery disease, or stroke or transient ischaemic attack, or congestive cardiac failure or vascular surgical patients 18 years or older with peripheral vascular disease should have preoperative natriuretic peptide (NP) screening (strong recommendation: high-quality evidence). 4. We recommend daily postoperative troponin measurements for 48 - 72 hours for non-cardiac surgical patients who are 45 years and older with a history of coronary artery disease, or stroke or transient ischaemic attack, or congestive cardiac failure or vascular surgical patients 18 years or older with peripheral vascular disease, i.e. (i) a baseline risk >5% for MACE 30 days after elective surgery (if no preoperative NP screening), or (ii) an elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N-terminal-prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement before elective surgery (defined as BNP >99 pg/mL or a NT-proBNP >300 pg/mL) (conditional recommendation: moderate-quality evidence). Additional recommendations are given for the management of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) and medications for comorbidities.The Global Surgery Fellowship grant.http://www.samj.org.zadm2022Anaesthesiolog

Subjective pulsatile tinnitus cured by carotid endarterectomy

CITATION: Louwrens, H.D., Botha, J. & Van Der Merwe, D.M. 1989. Subjective pulsatile tinnitus cured by carotid endarterectomy. A case report. S Afr Med J, 75:496-497.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaA 70-year-old woman with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus was relieved of the complaint after carotid endarterectomy. Internal carotid artery stenosis presenting with pulsatile tinnitus is rare. Endarterectomy can relieve symptoms if the correct diagnosis is made.Publisher’s versio

A cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of early and advanced gastric cancer, and precursor conditions/lesions in a high risk population

Thesis (M.D.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1990.One copy microfiche.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

Geloofsonderskeiding in die Oostelike Sinode van die NG Kerk tydens die besluitnemingsprosesse oor die wysiging van Artikel 1 van die Kerkorde

CITATION: Louwrens, C. & Hendriks, H. J. 2018. Geloofsonderskeiding in die Oostelike Sinode van die NG Kerk tydens die besluitnemingsprosesse oor die wysiging van Artikel 1 van die Kerkorde. Stellenbosch Theological Journal, 4(1):297319, doi:10.17570/stj.2018.v4n1.a14.The original publication is available at https://ojs.reformedjournals.co.za/stjFaith discernment in the Eastern Synod of the DR Church during the resolution processes on the amendment of Article 1 of the Church OrderDuring 2014, the DRC came to a point where they had to decide whether they would amend their confessional base to include the Belhar Confession as part of their official doctrine. The General Synod suggested amending Article 1 of the Church Order in order to expand the confessional base. An amendment of the Confession is possible after it has been approved by a two-thirds majority of each synod and two-thirds of all the church councils. In both cases it needs a two-thirds majority. 58% of the congregations in the Eastern Synod voted against the amendment of Article 1 in September 2014. In October 2014 the Eastern Synod voted in favour of the amendment of Article 1 with a majority of 73%. This article reflects on why the result of the spiritual discernment process was so different between the synod and the church councils of the Eastern Synod.https://ojs.reformedjournals.co.za/stj/article/view/1873Publisher's versio

South African dietary total antioxidant capacity based on secondary intake data in relation to dietary recommendations

Objective: In this exploratory study, the average adult South African dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was estimated using secondary data and was evaluated against that determined for dietary intake recommendations. Design: The average adult South African dietary TAC was estimated using a report published by the Department of Health that summarises food consumption studies conducted in South Africa between 1983 and 2000. This estimated adult South African dietary TAC was evaluated against that determined for dietary intake recommendations incorporating the five-a-day concept and the basic food groups and beverages (tea and coffee). Results: The average adult South African dietary TAC was estimated as 11 433 micromoles (μmoles) Trolox equivalents (TE)/person/day, with beverages (tea) being the main contributor (38.5%). The dietary TAC based on the recommended five-a-day concept and other dietary intake recommendations was 20 513 μmoles TE/person/day, with beverages again being the main contributor (47.8%). Conclusions: Compared to the TAC of the five-a-day concept and other dietary intake recommendations, the South African population consumes about half of this estimated TAC per day. It is especially in the vegetable group and beverages where actual consumption is well below the coupled TAC. Grains are the only food group where consumption is above the coupled TAC. The five-a-day concept is only the aim for minimum intake and not the ultimate goal. An increase in these foods, along with beverages (tea) and whole grains to the recommended servings, can uphold the dietary TAC and health benefits

Die berekening van onbestendige lugdinamiese vlerk-liggaam interaksie met behulp van 'n doebletroostermetode

Tesis (M.Ing.) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 1991.Een kopie mikrofiche.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome : a case report

CITATION: Du Toit, D. F. et al. 1985. The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome : a case report. South African Medical Journal, 68:607-608.The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaA vagotomy and antrectomy was performed on a 15-year-old boy with malignant gastrinoma for emergency control of massive upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from a large posterior penetrating duodenal ulcer in the presence of jejunal ulceration and liver metastases. Hypergastrinaemia was confirmed by elevated serum gastrin levels. In the short term postoperatively the patient's disease has been controlled with oral cimetidine. Although controversy continues over the efficacy of cimetidine in the management of gastrinomas, medical treatment should be considered as an alternative to total gastrectomy in children with malignant gastrinomas because they are often slow-growing, indolent and compatible with long survival.Publisher’s versio