Glenohumeral joint injection: a comparative study of ultrasound and fluoroscopically guided techniques before MR arthrography

To assess the variability in accuracy of contrast media introduction, leakage, required time and patient discomfort in four different centres, each using a different image-guided glenohumeral injection technique. Each centre included 25 consecutive patients. The ultrasound-guided anterior (USa) and posterior approach (USp), fluoroscopic-guided anterior (FLa) and posterior (FLp) approach were used. Number of injection attempts, effect of contrast leakage on diagnostic quality, and total room, radiologist and procedure times were measured. Pain was documented with a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. Access to the joint was achieved in all patients. A successful first attempt significantly occurred more often with US (94%) than with fluoroscopic guidance (72%). Leakage of contrast medium did not cause interpretative difficulties. With US guidance mean room, procedure and radiologist times were significantly shorter (p < 0.001). The USa approach was rated with the lowest pre- and post-injection VAS scores. The four image-guided injection techniques are successful in injection of contrast material into the glenohumeral joint. US-guided injections and especially the anterior approach are significantly less time consuming, more successful on the first attempt, cause less patient discomfort and obviate the need for radiation and iodine contrast

Habitus, reflexividade e realismo

Many scholars continue to ascribe a fundamental role to routine action in social theory and defend the continuing relevance of Bourdieu's concept of habitus. Meanwhile, the majority recognize the importance of reflexivity. In this article, Archer examines three versions of efforts to render these concepts mutually compatible: "empirical combination", "hybridization", and "theoretical and ontological reconciliation". In analytical terms, none of these versions is fully successful. The empirical argument is that the relevance of habitus began to decline in the late 20th century, in light of major structural changes in advanced capitalist democracies. In these circumstances, habitual forms have proven incapable of providing guidelines for people's lives, thus making reflexivity necessary. The article concludes with the argument that even the reproduction of one's birth history now constitutes a reflexive activity, and that the most favorable mode of its production, which the author refers to as "communicative reflexivity", is becoming increasingly difficult to sustain

Trans-Actions in Music

While efforts to grapple with questions about the nature of music-listener relations have seen some welcome developments since the turn of the millennium—especially, in music sociology, through DeNora’s work on everyday consumption and Hennion’s analyses of taste—even in the most interactionist and pragmatist of these accounts, there remain enduring traces of a certain substantialism in respect of both ‘the music’ and its ‘listeners’. In setting Dewey and Bentley’s trans-actional approach, along with further elements of Dewey’s intellectual edifice (specifically his concepts of ‘inquiry’, ‘habit’ and ‘imagination’), into dialogue with current debates in music sociology, this chapter considers the potential value of thinking in terms of ‘musical trans-action’. As will be seen, although such an approach may be seen to diminish the grounds for proposing regularities, patterns or generalizations on the part of scholars and analysts, the more modest and realistic approach encouraged by thinking in terms of trans-action nonetheless offers a pathway beyond some of the limitations inscribed in residually substantialist inter-actional approaches, encouraging the transcendence of some established orthodoxies and opening the field out onto new sets of concerns