Cost Benefit Analysis Of The Structures Designed For Alternative Seismic Hazard Levels

In this study, multiple performance objectives under the various earthquake hazard levels are investigated. In case of well defined earthquake hazard, as an alternative of classical earthquake resistant design principles, it is possible to design structures at different performances depending on structure's initial cost and economic life. In this study, costs of the structure with different performance levels are discussed.Current study is carried out on the reinforced concrete structures that are designed and analyzed for various seismic hazard levels. The aim is to determine, if the risk is released, whether the economic losses can be acceptable or not. In the study, cost of reinforced concrete ductile frames and dual systems that are designed for various seismic performances, are also compared for the economical aspects.To that end, in the first step 3, 5 and 8 storey frames and dual systems of several structures at Life Safety and Immediate Occupancy performance levels was designed for the earthquake hazards of 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The study reveals that if both direct and indirect effects of earthquake such as retrofitting costs, cost of temporary moving, temporary accommodation costs, cost of demolition and reconstructing the building, cost of damage to household goods and business disruption, social disturbance, are be taken into consideration, initial design performance level can be accepted as Immediate Occupancy performance level rather than Life Safety performance which is proposed current earthquake codes. The cost due to injuries and cost due to loss of lives are not included

A Case Study in IVHS Implementation AN IMAGE PROCESSING APPLICATION FOR I-15 HOV LANES

In this study 1 we present our findings on image processing applications to the continuous and automatic monitoring and verification of the status of control devices and vehicle speed estimation on the Interstate-15 Reversible High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes as examples of "IVHS at Work." The overall goal of this study has been to supply additional enhanced monitoring capabilities for the current HOV operations. These capabilities have been intended to assist, rather than to eliminate the human operators from the loop. In the next few paragraphs we will describe this unique undertaking together with the issues related to the systems architecture, hardware and software components, the integration, image processing tools, and preliminary field test results. 1. INTRODUCTION Continued growth in travel is severely straining the surface transportation systems throughout the world. The annual cost of congestion to U.S.A. in lost productivity alone is about $100 billion, exclusive of th..

A novel method for wavelet quantization of noisy speech

This paper proposes an architecture for low bit rate coding of noisy speech. The input noisy speech is decomposed into multiresolution signal components using the wavelet transform. An iterative Wiener filtering is used at each level of wavelet analysis to enhance speech. The system model that evolves during enhancement is processed further to get optimal parameters for the quantization. A multistage vector quantizer is used for compression of the decomposed speech. The enhanced speech is reconstructed at the receiving end by a VQ decoder and the necessary wavelet reconstruction network. The speech coding rate for the proposed architecture is estimated to be about 2.37 kbps

Simulation of Thermal Effects in Semiconductor Materials and Devices

114 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009.This dissertation deals with the thermal properties of semiconductors, the interaction between thermal and electrical transport, and the numerical methods for their simulation. The approach is based on the Boltzmann transport equation which is used to describe the behavior of both electrons and phonons and their interaction with each other, as well as their interaction with external potentials by coupling the transport equations with the Poisson equation. Several methods of solving the transport equations and simulating charge and thermal transport are developed and utilized. For one-dimensional systems like carbon nanotubes, the equations for transport and potentials are discretized in space, momentum, and time, and solved by an explicit upwind method. For the simulation of devices like MOSFETs, the full-band Monte Carlo method is extended to include the full phonon dispersion relationship and the transport of phonons, while the interactions between phonon modes are based on perturbation theory. Coupling between electrons and optical phonons, and their subsequent decay toward equilibrium, are found to play a large role in determining the temperature distributions in silicon devices. High electric fields cause strong emission of g-process longitudinal optical phonons. Their low velocity and the time taken to decay into intermediate longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonon pairs cause a peak in the temperature distribution in the drain region of MOSFETs. Anharmonic three-phonon decay and the use of the full dispersion relationship allow a detailed simulation of heat transfer and determination of temperature maps in silicon devices. Methods presented herein are applicable to a wide range of semiconductor materials including compound semiconductors, as well as many geometries such as bulk and nanowires.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

How do mothers’ pre-pandemic emotion regulation skills and pandemic-related anxiety predict their children’s sadness regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Emotion regulation is one of the important skills helping children and parents to deal with stressful conditions within the family context during the pandemic. We aimed to investigate whether mothers’ emotion regulation strategies before COVID-19 and their COVID-19-related anxiety would predict children’s sadness regulation during the pandemic with a longitudinal design. A total of 310 children, aged 7–17, and their mothers from Türkiye participated in the current study. Maternal reappraisal and suppression did not predict children’s sadness regulation skills. Maternal COVID-19-related anxiety positively predicted children’s inhibition during the pandemic over and above maternal emotion regulation skills and children’s pre-pandemic sadness regulation skills. Age also predicted children’s inhibition levels, such that as children got older, their inhibition levels increased. Findings highlight the importance of the emotional climate of the family environment during the pandemic for emotional development in the Turkish context. © 2023 Taylor ; Francis Group, LLC