Análisis de instrumentos en costilla de alce, mandíbulas de castor y caparazón de tortuga de Zamostje 2 (Rusia)

10 páginas, 13 figuras.-- Comunicación presentada en el 1er Congreso de Análisis Funcional de España y Portugal celebrado en Barcelona a finales de Noviembre 2001.The Zamostje 2 site is situated on the left bank of Dubna River, one of the numerous sources of the Volga River. The site is located in wet boggy conditions, which are favourable for pit formation. This environment is also favourable for good preservation of prehistoric bone, wooden and other organic remains. This fact explains the richness of the organic material collections, and their good preservation. The site is situated 110 km to the north of Moscow and 50 km to the north of Sergiev Possad. We had to use a large experimental collection from the laboratory of use-wear analysis of the Institute of Material Culture History (St.-Petersburg, director G.F. Korobkova) with the aim of correlating the traces, which had formed on the surface of bone implements. So at our disposal we had experimental tools made from bone, which were linked with processing different materials: skins (needles, awls, scrapers, planes/spatula), wood (planes, burins, chisels), plants (sickles), pottery (planes and tools for decoration) and antlers (borers and perforators). Besides this we completed the experimental collection with tools made from cow ribs, which were used for fish scale processing and fish preparation. In this paper we describe the use-wear traces, found on the experimental tools and also two types of tools made from elk ribs, which were defined in the archaeological material. We analysed implements made from elk ribs found in the second Mesolithic layer (7400-7300 BP). Traditionally and accordingly to ethnographic materials these tools were known as “knives for fish processing”. Our investigation aimed to check on this functional statement made without any use-wear analysis. Also we analysed tool made from turtle shell (Emys orbicularis), which had been found in lower Mesolithic layer (7900-7800 BP), and a series of tools made from beaver mandible, which had been transformed in order to use the sharp points as burins.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Local Therapy in Complex Treatment of Bacterial Tonsillopharyngitis in Children.

The article deals with the data of clinical and laboratory examination of 42 children with signs of acute bacterial tonsillopharyngitis. WE have carried out the assessment of the dynamics of clinical symptoms of the disease and microbiological picture of the oropharynx depending on treatment regimen. High clinical efficacy of benzydamine hydrochloride in the complex treatment of acute bacterial tonsillopharyngitis in children has proved

All the same, all different! Mesolithic and Neolithic "45º beveled bone tools" from Zamostje 2 (Moscow, Russia)

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Aperos para pesca e instrumentos para el procesado de pescado en Zamostje 2 (Rusia): una experimentación para reconocer los rastros de uso

[EN] Experimentation was carried out with bone tools and equipment connected with fishing and processing fish. Experiments with four fish species showed that the specific characteristics of their teeth leave different marks on the fishing hooks. The marks identified on harpoons and knives made from elk ribs and used to scale and gut fish are also described.[ES] En este trabajo presentamos la experimentación llevada a cabo con aperos e instrumentos óseos relacionados con la pesca y el procesado de pescado. La experimentación con cuatro especies de pescado nos ha mostrado que las características específicas de los dientes dejan huellas distintas en los anzuelos. Por otro lado, también se describen las huellas observadas en arpones y cuchillos elaborados en costilla de alce utilizados para descamar y eviscerar pescado.Peer reviewe

Analyse fonctionnelle des outils biseautés à 45° de Zamostje 2

[EN] Zamostje 2 is a river bank site located in the region of Serguev Possad (Russia). This site is constituted by occupations from the late Mesolithic to the middle Neolithic. If no habitat was discovered, structures and many artefacts dealing with ishing practices have been found there. Our attention was drawn by a particular typological set of bone artefacts from Zamostje: narrow transverso-lateral bevel ended tools of which sides compose invariably an angle of 45°. he functional study of around forty pieces had allowed to match them with wood working (Лозов- ская, 1997). However, the variability in the breaks and in the distribution of use-wear patterns makes that kinematics could not be apparently cleared. From these irst results and with the help of target experiments, we carried out the use wear analysis of all the collection that counts more than one hundred of “45° bevelled bone tools”. We expected to specify their function and their connexions with structures dealing with ishing at Zamostje.[RU] Стоянка Замостье 2 расположена на берегу реки Дубны в Сергиево-Посадском р-не Московской области (Россия). Стоянка содержит несколько культурных слоев, датируе- мых в интервале от позднего мезолита до среднего неоли- та. В ходе исследований памятника были найдены рыболо- вецкие конструкции и большое количество артефактов, связанных с рыболовством. В данном случае мы обратили внимание на особую типологическую группу костяных изделий стоянки Замостье 2 — скошенные орудия с рабо- чей кромкой, заостренной под углом 45°. Функциональный анализ сорока орудий позволил соотнести их с обработ- кой дерева (Лозовская, 1997). Тем не менее, вариабельность сломов и характер распространения зон со следами износа не позволяли отчетливо прояснить вопрос о кинематике работы этим орудием. Беря за основу первые результаты и применив целенаправленные эксперименты, мы провели трасологический анализ всей коллекции изделий, которая сейчас насчитывает более сотни орудий с рабочей кромкой под углом 45°. Мы надеемся прояснить их функцию в связи с рыболовными структурами, найденными на стоянке За- мостье 2.Peer reviewe

трасология костяных рыболовных крючков стоянки замостье 2 (мезолит и неолит центральной части русской равнины)асти Русской равнины)

[EN] Fishing played a fundamental role in the subsistence economy of the Mesolithic and Neolithic inhabitants of Zamostje 2, a site located on the Russian plain (Sergiev Possad, Moscow). Te abundant ichtiofaunal remains and the tools found at the site (harpoons, needle nets, fishhooks and scaling knives) corroborate this importance. In this article, we focus on the consumption of fishhooks through an analysis of the usewear observed on their surfaces. We compare the usewear observed on the archaeological fishhooks with that seen on experimental fishhooks used to capture fish species. We show how some attributes (disposition, quantity and hardness of the fish teeth) influence the nature of the usewear, especially the striations, formed on the surfaces of the fishhooks.[RU] Рыболовство играло важную роль в экономике древних оби-тателей стоянки Замостье 2 в период мезолита и нео лита. Многочисленные остатки рыб и орудия, найденные на сто- янке (гарпуны, иглы для плетения сетей, крючки и ножи для чистки рыбы) — все это свидетельствует в пользу такого предположения. В данной работе основной целью нашего ис-следования является анализ группы рыболовных крючков с точки зрения изучения сохранившихся на поверхности следов использования. Сравниваются следы на эксперимен-тальных крючках с теми, которые наблюдаются на по-верхности археологических предметов. Мы показываем, как определенные характеристики влияют на природу воз-никновения следов использования, в особенности линейных следов, которые образуются на поверхности рыболовных крючков.Peer reviewe

Fishing in the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic of the Russian Plain: the case of site Zamostje 2

Fishing in the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic of the Russian Plain: the case of site Zamostje

Direct and indirect evidence of fishing at Zamostje 2: investigations 2009–2015

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рыболовство эпохи позднего мезолита и раннего неолита по материалам исследований стоянки замостье 2

[EN] The paper is devoted to the analysis of fishery as one of the most important parts of the economy in the late Mesolithic - early Neolithic periods in Central Russia. The used materials come from the excavation of the multilayer peat-bog site Zamostje 2 (Moscow region, Russia). Different kinds of evidence of fishing were analyzed: fish remains, bone tools (harpoon heads, barbed, fish hooks, knives from elk ribs), wooden artifacts (floats, paddles), finds of wooden constructions - fish traps and fish fence and, finally, coprolites. Due to this approach it is possible to distinguish differences in fishery strategies in the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic and ways of consuming fish.[RU] Данная работа посвящена анализу рыболовства как важ-нейшего вида экономической деятельности в период позд-него мезолита — раннего неолита центральной России. Исследование базируется на материалах изучения много-слойной торфяниковой стоянки Замостье 2 (Сергиево-Посадский р-н, Московская обл.). В работе используются разные виды источников: остатки рыб, орудия из кости (наконечники гарпунов и острий, рыболовные крючки, ножи из ребер лося и др.), изделия из дерева (поплавки, вес- ла), остатки рыболовных сооружений в виде верш и зако- ла, и наконец, копролиты. В результате удалось выявить разные подходы к рыболовству в период позднего мезолита и раннего неолита.This study was supported by research project (I+D) HAR2008–04461/HIST by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain “Forgotten resources in prehistory: the case of fishing among the meso-neolithic communities in the Russian plain” and by RFBR (Russia), research project №11–06–00090а, №11–06–100030к, №12–06–00013к, № 13–06–10007к, 13–06–12057 ofi_м. Authors also would like to thank Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) for kindly permission to use unpublished materials.Peer reviewe