When can statistical theories be causally closed?

The notion of common cause closedness of a classical, Kolmogorovian probability space with respect to a causal independence relation between the random events is defined, and propositions are presented that characterize common cause closedness for specific probability spaces. It is proved in particular that no probability space with a finite number of random events can contain common causes of all the correlations it predicts; however, it is demonstrated that probability spaces even with a finite number of random events can be common cause closed with respect to a causal independence relation that is stronger than logical independence. Furthermore it is shown that infinite, atomless probability spaces are always common cause closed in the strongest possible sense. Open problems concerning common cause closedness are formulated and the results are interpreted from the perspective of Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle (RCCP)

Chromatic number of the product of graphs, graph homomorphisms, Antichains and cofinal subsets of posets without AC

We have observations concerning the set theoretic strength of the following combinatorial statements without the axiom of choice. 1. If in a partially ordered set, all chains are finite and all antichains are countable, then the set is countable. 2. If in a partially ordered set, all chains are finite and all antichains have size $\aleph_{\alpha}$, then the set has size $\aleph_{\alpha}$ for any regular $\aleph_{\alpha}$. 3. CS (Every partially ordered set without a maximal element has two disjoint cofinal subsets). 4. CWF (Every partially ordered set has a cofinal well-founded subset). 5. DT (Dilworth's decomposition theorem for infinite p.o.sets of finite width). 6. If the chromatic number of a graph $G_{1}$ is finite (say $k<\omega$), and the chromatic number of another graph $G_{2}$ is infinite, then the chromatic number of $G_{1}\times G_{2}$ is $k$. 7. For an infinite graph $G=(V_{G}, E_{G})$ and a finite graph $H=(V_{H}, E_{H})$, if every finite subgraph of $G$ has a homomorphism into $H$, then so has $G$. Further we study a few statements restricted to linearly-ordered structures without the axiom of choice.Comment: Revised versio

Application of Motionless Mixer in Gas Purification – A case study

The lecture gives a review on the application of motionless mixers in gas purification, where wet dust separation is carried out by water circulation trough vertical tubes filled with FixMix(TM) motionless mixer elements. Dusty gas and water are flowing downwards, co-currently. Solids phase is filtered continuously from the slurry

Drying of Heat Sensitive Materials of High Moisture Content in Mechanically Spouted Bed of Inert Particles

In drying operation the material characteristics such as heat sensitivity, moisture content and particle size are of great importance, which should be taken into account in selection of proper design and conditions for the process. Rigorous quality requirements, i.e. gentle drying of heat sensitive materials, stable, well-controlled and economic operation can be fulfilled by using Mechanically Spouted Bed (MSB) dryer with inert particles developed to eliminate some drawbacks of the conventional spouted bed dryers. In this paper the construction and the main features of MSB-dryer are presented. Different tasks with special quality demands, namely drying of bovine serum albumin and moisture removal from tomato pulp of thermoplastic behaviour, and a method to accomplish these requirements are shown

Maxwell and the normal distribution: A colored story of probability, independence, and tendency toward equilibrium

In the first part of the paper we investigate Maxwell’s attempt to justify the mathematical assumptions behind his 1860 Proposition IV according to which the velocity components of colliding particles follow the normal distribution. Contrary to the com- monly held view we find that his molecular collision model plays a crucial role in reaching this conclusion, and that his model assumptions also permit inference to a non-reversible equalization of mean kinetic energies, which is what he intended to prove in his widely discredited Proposition VI. If we take a charitable reading of his own proof or Proposition VI then it was Maxwell, and not Boltzmann, who gave the first proof of a tendency towards equilibrium. In the second half of the paper we add a further, not yet investigated, piece to the historical and intellectual puzzle surrounding his derivation. We argue that Maxwell’s prior and contemporaneous work on color vision provided him familiarity with and sensitivity to application of statistical reasoning in physics. This includes an encounter with distributions outside the context of error theory. We also call attention to a notion of independence of variables employed in his works on color vision that might have impacted the mistake he made in his proof of Proposition IV

Method for Particle Size Control During the Drying and Granulation in Fluidized Bed

The fluidized bed process presented in this paper is suitable for recovery of solids from solutions in the form of granules. The solution is sprayed into the bed and as solvent evaporates, solid material is deposited on the surface of fluidizing particles. During this process, particle growth takes place by surface layering and/or agglomeration. A special grinder is used in the fluidized bed to control particle growth by causing selective disintegration of large particles. For steady state operation, the most important task is to determine the existing particle size distribution in the fluidized bed. A special method was developed to measure torque and stress fluctuations* in the bed of particles. Using a correlation between torque and stress fluctuations and particle size, this method and device can be used for direct control of the rotation speed of the grinder to produce granules of given size in the fluidized bed. Results of torque and stress measurements and their correlation to particle size are presented

A short history and some results of the dermatoglyphic studies in Hungary

Dermatoglyphics began with dactyloscopy in Hungary in the early 1900s. Since then, the interest in several fields of dermatoglyphics has arisen, e. g. paleodermatoglyphics, heredity of the dermatoglyphic traits, dermatoglyphics in medical disorders, dermatoglyphics of different populations in Hungary, dermatoglyphics in questioned paternity as well as the study of the palmar and plantar creases. Due to the numerous studies published in these fields, it is impossible to list all of them, therefore this paper highlights only the results of some of them.Dermatoglyphics began with dactyloscopy in Hungary in the early 1900s. Since then, the interest in several fields of dermatoglyphics has arisen, e. g. paleodermatoglyphics, heredity of the dermatoglyphic traits, dermatoglyphics in medical disorders, dermatoglyphics of different populations in Hungary, dermatoglyphics in questioned paternity as well as the study of the palmar and plantar creases. Due to the numerous studies published in these fields, it is impossible to list all of them, therefore this paper highlights only the results of some of them

Particle Size Control by Torque Measurements in Fluidized Beds during Drying and Granulation from Solutions

The fluidized bed process presented in this paper is suitable to recover solids from solution in form of granules. Solution is sprayed into the bed and, as the solvent evaporates, solid material is deposited on the surface of fluidizing particles. During this process, particle growth takes place by surface layering and/or agglomeration. A special grinder is used in the fluidized bed to control particle growth by causing selective disintegration of large particles. For steady state operation, the most important task is to determine the existing particle size distribution in the fluidized bed. A special method was developed to measure torque and stress fluctuations in the bed of particles. Using a correlation between torque and particle size, this method and device can be used for direct control of the rotation speed of the grinder to produce granules of given size in the fluidized bed. In this paper, the results of torque measurements and their correlation with particle size are presented

New findings - new problems in classification of hominids

The criteri a for the inclusion of species within the genus Homo have changed over the years. There has been a stepwise relaxation of these criteria, therefore the classification and the evolutionary place of hominid fossils have never been free of controversy. It is the main reason that the discoveries of new hominid fossils have not helped in solving the generally accepted classification of hominids

Determinizmus és interpretáció

We argue that the truth of determinism is not an interpretation-free fact and we systematically overview relevant interpretational choices that are less known in the philosophical literature. After bypassing the well known interpretational problem that arises in quantum mechanics we identify three further questions about the representational role of the mathematical structures employed by physical theories. Finally we point out that even if we settle all representational issues the received view of physical possibility may also allow the truth of determinism to depend on prior philosophical convictions, notably on one's philosophical account of the nature of laws