52 research outputs found

    Éditorial

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    Le recours au droit pénal et au systÚme pénal pour régler les problÚmes sociaux

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    Cette recherche avait comme objectif d’étudier l’ampleur, la pertinence et les limites du droit pĂ©nal pour rĂ©gler trois problĂšmes sociaux spĂ©cifiques: la violence conjugale, l’agression sexuelle et la toxicomanie. Trois dĂ©marches mĂ©thodologiques ont Ă©tĂ© privilĂ©giĂ©es: l’analyse des banques de donnĂ©es (depuis les sondages de victimisation jusqu’aux statistiques carcĂ©rales), des questionnaires auxquels ont rĂ©pondu 850 acteurs pĂ©naux (policiers, procureurs, agent de probation, agents correctionnels) et des entretiens semi-structurĂ©s en profondeur avec 35 de ces acteurs. L’analyse des questionnaires et des entretiens fait ressortir que les divers acteurs ont dans l’ensemble des positions modĂ©rĂ©es et nuancĂ©es sur la criminalitĂ©, la peine et l’emprisonnement. Ils font Ă©galement preuve d’ouverture face Ă  la dĂ©judiciarisation et aux mesures novatrices. Ils demeurent cependant fortement attachĂ©s Ă  la prĂ©dominance du droit et ne conçoivent l’intervention sociale qu’à l’intĂ©rieur d’un cadre juridique. Une analyse plus poussĂ©e rĂ©vĂšle une importante segmentation professionnelle et un consensus beaucoup plus fragile qu’il n’y paraĂźt Ă  premiĂšre vue. Au niveau des problĂšmes spĂ©cifiques, l’analyse met en Ă©vidence, en ce qui concerne la toxicomanie, une nette distinction entre la consommation et le trafic. Autant l’ouverture est prĂ©sente dans le premier cas, autant les soucis de pĂ©nalisation, d’exemplaritĂ© et de neutralisation sont prĂ©sentes dans le second. Quand il est question d’agression sexuelle, la judiciarisation est conçue en complĂ©mentaritĂ© avec des programmes de traitement spĂ©cialisĂ©s. Dans le cas de la violence conjugale, le traitement pĂ©nal est complĂ©tĂ© par une intervention sociale pertinente. Il y a donc ouverture sur un partenariat pour les divers problĂšmes Ă©tudiĂ©s, sauf en ce qui concerne le trafic de stupĂ©fiants. Rappelons en terminant que ces donnĂ©es doivent ĂȘtre reprises Ă  la lumiĂšre d’une donnĂ©e plus globale: la judiciarisation des problĂšmes sociaux ne s’applique que dans une minoritĂ© de cas.Conseil quĂ©bĂ©cois de la recherche sociale; MinistĂšre de la SĂ©curitĂ© publiqu

    Risk Score, Causes, and Clinical Impact of Failure of Transradial Approach for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

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    ObjectivesTo study the causes of and to develop a risk score for failure of transradial approach (TRA) for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundTRA-PCI failure has been reported in 5% to 10% of cases.MethodsTRA-PCI failure was categorized as primary (clinical reasons) or crossover failure. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of TRA-PCI failure, and an integer risk score was developed.ResultsFrom January to June 2010, TRA-PCI was attempted in 1,609 (97.3%) consecutive patients, whereas 45 (2.7%) had primary TRA-PCI failure. Crossover TRA-PCI failure occurred in 30 (1.8%) patients. Causes of primary TRA-PCI failure included chronic radial artery occlusion (11%), previous coronary artery bypass graft (27%), and cardiogenic shock (20%). Causes for crossover TRA-PCI failure included: inadequate puncture in 17 patients (57%); radial artery spasm in 5 (17%); radial loop in 4 (13%); subclavian tortuosity in 2 (7%); and inadequate guide catheter support in 2 (7%) patients. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95 to 5.26, p < 0.0001), previous coronary artery bypass graft (OR: 6.1; 95% CI: 3.63 to 10.05, p < 0.0001), and cardiogenic shock (OR: 11.2; 95% CI: 2.78 to 41.2, p = 0.0011) were independent predictors of TRA-PCI failure. Risk score values from 0 to 7 predicted a TRA-PCI failure rate from 2% to 80%.ConclusionsIn a high-volume radial center, 2.7% of patients undergoing PCI are excluded from initial TRA on clinical grounds, whereas crossover to femoral approach is required in only 1.8% of the cases. A new simple clinical risk score is developed to predict TRA-PCI failure

    Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

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    Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≄ II, EF ≀35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

    ÉlĂ©ments mĂ©thodologiques pour la construction d'un indice de prix de l'enseignement supĂ©rieur au Canada /

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    Rapport présenté à la Division de l'éducation, des sciences et de la culture, Statistique Canad

    Le stock de ressources humaines hautement qualfiées du Québec et la production des universités québécoises /

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    Titre de la couv.Bibliogr.: v. 1, p. 239-241Vol. 1. La structuration de la main-d'oeuvre québécoise hautement qualifiée : formation, emploi et langueVol. 2. La production des universités québécoises et la population de formation universitaire au Québec : 197

    An Auto-Associative Neural Network for Information Retrieval

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    Abstract – Neural network is an important paradigm that has received little attention from the community of researchers in information retrieval, especially the auto-associative neural networks. These networks are capable of discovering patterns of terms among documents. We propose an auto-associative neural network to model the classification and to perform the matching task. The unique layer network is trained with the documents of the collection and then used to recall the most relevant documents to specific queries. Our model has been tested on a TREC sub-collection. The results are compared against the vector space model [1]. The experiment shows higher level of global precision and recall. The recall-precision curves show an important improvement on the precisions for the low levels of recall, which indicates a faster retrieval of the first relevant documents. This strength of the auto-associative neural network makes it an attractive model in information retrieval for general collections. I
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