Rimski steber z rdeče barvanim ometom iz Emone

The excavation conducted in 1999 in Ljubljana (Slovenia), in Insula XXVII of the Roman colonia Iulia Emona, un- earthed the remains of a column shaft with an organic core set onto a stone block. The contribution presents this find, its context and likely parallels, the mineralogical-petrographic composition of the stucco, type of the pigments used, as well as the rock of the plinth and its provenance. Of the shaft, only the stucco survives, applied in four mortar layers and painted in red ochre, while its interior surface shows the impressions of reeds. The plinth is a rectangular block made of locally available Lower Jurassic oolitic limestone, presumably from Podpeč. The column may have formed part of a porticus or peristyle, possibly associated with a pool or a bath complex in this part of Late Roman Emona.Arheološka izkopavanja, ki so leta 1999 potekala v Ljubljani, v inzuli XXVII Emone, so odkrila ostanek trupa stebra z organskim jedrom, postavljenega na kamnito plinto. V prispevku predstavljamo najdbo, njen arheološki kontekst in morebitne analogije, mineraloško-petrografsko sestavo ometa, tip pigmenta ter analizo naravnega kamna, uporabljenega za plinto. Od trupa stebra je ostal le zunanji del iz ometa, nanesenega v štirih plasteh in barvanega z rdečo okro, v notranjosti pa se je ohranil odtis trstičja. Plinta je pravokotni blok, narejen iz lokalnega spodnjejurskega oolitskega apnenca, verjetno z območja Podpeči. Oblika stebra kaže, da bi bil lahko del portika ali peristila, arheološki kontekst pa nakazuje povezavo z bazenom oz. kopališčnim kompleksom v tem delu poznorimske Emone

Heritage Stone 7. Pohorje Granodiorite – One of the Most Significant Slovenian Natural Stones

Granodiorite from the Pohorje Mountains (northeastern Slovenia) is considered the highest quality natural stone in Slovenia. Pohorje granodiorite is a grey, calc-alkaline igneous rock of Miocene age (18.7 Ma) that is distinguished by thick white aplite−pegmatite veins. It mainly consists of plagioclase, quartz, and K-feldspar, subsidiary biotite and a small amount of hornblende. It is characterized by high density, low water absorption, and low porosity, so that it exhibits high frost and salt resistance, as well as a high compressive strength and a very high flexural strength. It is widely recognized throughout the country for its durability and decorative white veins, and is the most frequently used natural stone in Slovenia today. It is mainly used as paving and cladding material for residential buildings, churches, and other structures, as well as in public areas, where it adds special character to many of the larger towns and cities. Several important buildings, some of which have been declared cultural monuments of national importance, are also decorated with this stone, including the Slovenian Parliament, the Republic Square business complex, and the Faculty of Law of the University of Ljubljana, all of which are located in Ljubljana. Since 1940, Pohorje granodiorite has also been widely used by sculptors in various monuments and fountains. RÉSUMÉLe granodiorite des montagnes de Pohorje (nord de la Slovénie) est considéré comme la meilleure pierre naturelle de Slovénie. Le granodiorite de Pohorje est une roche ignée grise, calco-alcaline du Miocène (18,7 Ma) qui se distingue par la présence d’épais filons de pegmatites d’aplite blanche. Il se compose principalement de plagioclase, de quartz et de feldspath potassique, de biotite accessoire et d’une petite quantité d'amphibole. Elle est caractérisée par une densité élevée, un faible coefficient d’imbibition, et une porosité faible, de sorte qu'elle présente une haute résistance au gel et au sel, ainsi qu’une résistance élevée à la compression et une résistance très élevée à la flexion. Elle est très connue dans tout le pays pour sa durabilité et ses filons décoratifs blancs, et c’est la pierre naturelle la plus fréquemment utilisée en Slovénie de nos jours. Elle est principalement utilisée comme matériau de pavage et de revêtement pour les bâtiments résidentiels, les églises et autres constructions, ainsi que dans les espaces publics, où elle donne un caractère distinctif aux grands villages et aux villes. Plusieurs bâtiments importants, dont certains ont été déclarés monuments culturels d'importance nationale, sont également décorées avec cette pierre, y compris le Parlement slovène, le complexe d'affaires Place de la République, et la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Ljubljana, lesquels sont tous situés à Ljubljana. Depuis 1940, le granodiorite de Pohorje a aussi été beaucoup utilisé par les sculpteurs dans divers monuments et fontaines.Traduit par le Traducteu

Mapping dreams in a computational space

This article demonstrates that an automated system of linguistic analysis can be developed – the Oneirograph – to analyze large collections of dreams and computationally map their contents in terms of typical situations involving an interplay of characters, activities, and settings. Focusing the analysis first on the twin situations of fighting and fleeing, the results provide densely detailed empirical evidence of the underlying semantic structures of typical dreams. The results also indicate that the Oneirograph analytic system can be applied to other typical dream situations as well (e.g., flying, falling), each of which can be computationally mapped in terms of a distinctive constellation of characters, activities, and settings

Ramanmicrospectroscopic analysis of pigments of the Gothic wall painting from the Dominican Monastery in Ptuj (Slovenia)

Trabajo presentado al: "7th International Congress on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology" celebrado en Ljubljana (Slovenia) del 2 al 6 de septiembre de 2013.-- et al.The study dealswith the characterization of pigments fromthe newly discoveredwall painting at the Dominican Monastery in Ptuj (Slovenia) in order to acquire detailed information about the technology used, as well as to identify the deterioration products. The uncovered wall painting, depicting a vivid procession of riders, is dated to the late 14th century. Painting techniques and pigments were analysed by optical microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. The optical microscope revealed that the wall painting was executed in a lime technique characteristic of the Central-European artistic expression. Several natural and synthetic inorganic pigments, such as azurite, red and yellow ochres, cinnabar, red lead, lead white, lime white, lead-tin yellow type I and carbon black were identified. Surprising identification of the type I of lead-tin yellow used already in the 14th century is of high importance, since, until now, it was considered that it appeared on the market only in the first half of the 15th century. Plattnerite was observed as a result of degradation of lead pigments. The use of expensive azurite and cinnabar could indicate a wealthy client. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This research has been financially supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia, under contract number 3211-05-000545, in the frame of the Conservation-Restoration Project ‘The Ptuj Dominican Monastery’ and Slovenian Research Agency Programme Group P2-0273.Peer Reviewe

Rimski steber z rdeče barvanim ometom iz Emone

The excavation conducted in 1999 in Ljubljana (Slovenia), in Insula XXVII of the Roman colonia Iulia Emona, un-earthed the remains of a column shaft with an organic core set onto a stone block. The contribution presents this find, its context and likely parallels, the mineralogical-petrographic composition of the stucco, type of the pigments used, as well as the rock of the plinth and its provenance. Of the shaft, only the stucco survives, applied in four mortar layers and painted in red ochre, while its interior surface shows the impressions of reeds. The plinth is a rectangular block made of locally available Lower Jurassic oolitic limestone, presumably from Podpeč. The column may have formed part of a porticus or peristyle, possibly associated with a pool or a bath complex in this part of Late Roman Emona.Arheološka izkopavanja, ki so leta 1999 potekala v Ljubljani, v inzuli XXVII Emone, so odkrila ostanek trupa stebra z organskim jedrom, postavljenega na kamnito plinto. V prispevku predstavljamo najdbo, njen arheološki kontekst in morebitne analogije, mineraloško-petrografsko sestavo ometa, tip pigmenta ter analizo naravnega kamna, uporabljenega za plinto. Od trupa stebra je ostal le zunanji del iz ometa, nanesenega v štirih plasteh in barvanega z rdečo okro, v notranjosti pa se je ohranil odtis trstičja. Plinta je pravokotni blok, narejen iz lokalnega spodnjejurskega oolitskega apnenca, verjetno z območja Podpeči. Oblika stebra kaže, da bi bil lahko del portika ali peristila, arheološki kontekst pa nakazuje povezavo z bazenom oz. kopališčnim kompleksom v tem delu poznorimske Emone

Dreams and Archetypes

Estimating the structure in dreams with dream reports and NL