LA OLA EXPANSIVA DE LA DESTRUCCIÓN NEOLIBERAL

En el presente ensayo se hace un análisis de la crisis económica mundial actual a partir de definirla en términos de una "economía ficción", así como se especifica cuál es la responsabilidad del modelo neoliberal en su gestación, a partir de analizar los casos del fraude Maddox, la crisis de las hipotecas en Estados Unidos, y la crisis alimentaria

Spiral structure in the outer galactic disk, I: the third galactic quadrant

We combine optical and radio observations to trace the spiral structure in the third quadrant of the Milky Way. The optical observations consist of a large sample of young open clusters and associations, whereas the radio observations consist of a survey of nearby and distant clouds observed in CO. Both the optical and radio samples are the largest ones thus far presented in the literature. We use this unique material to analyze the behavior of interstellar extinction and to trace the detailed structure of the third Galactic quadrant (TGQ).We find that the outer (Cygnus) grand design spiral arm is traced by stellar and CO components, while the Perseus arm is traced solely by CO and is possibly being disrupted by the crossing of the Local (Orion) arm. The Local arm is traced by CO and young stars toward l ¼ 240 and extends for over 8 kpc along the line of sight reaching the outer arm. Finally, we characterize the Galactic warp and compare the geometries implied by the young stellar and CO components.Fil: Vazquez, Ruben Angel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: May, Jorge. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Carraro, Giovanni. European Southern Observatory; ChileFil: Bronfman, Leonardo. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Moitinho, Andre. Universidad de Lisboa; PortugalFil: Baume, Gustavo Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; Argentin

Myo-inositol in health and disease: its impact on semen parameters and male fertility

Myo‐inositol (cis‐1,2,3,5‐trans‐4,6‐cyclohexanehexol; MI) is the most prominent of nine inositol stereoisomers. MI, its phosphate derivatives, and associated lipids are widely found in vegetables and animal tissues and are known to participate in numerous biological processes. To perform a review analysis on MI presence, functions, and impact in male fertility.Fil: Vazquez, Monica Hebe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Verón, Gustavo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Reexamining The Determinants Of Fiscal Decentralization: What Is The Role Of Geography?

This paper contributes to the existing literature on the determinants of fiscal decentralization by motivating theoretically and exploring in depth the empirical relevance that geography has as determinant of fiscal decentralization. The relationship between decentralization and geography is based on the logic that more geographically diverse countries show greater heterogeneity among their citizens, including their preferences and needs for public goods and services provision. Communications and physical distance are also a very important issue and play a key role on the effect of geography over time. The theoretical model builds on the work by Arzaghi and Henderson (2002) and Panizza (1999). For the empirical estimation we use a panel data set for approximately 91 countries for the period 1960-2005. Physical geography is measured along several dimensions including elevation, land area, and climate. We construct a geographical fragmentation index and test its effect on fiscal decentralization. In addition, we interact the geographical fragmentation index with time variant infrastructure variables, in order to test the effect that infrastructure and communications have on the relationship between geography and fiscal decentralization. For robustness, we construct Gini coefficients for in-country elevation and climate. We find a positive and strong correlation between geographical factors and fiscal decentralization. We also find that while the development of infrastructure (in transportation, communications, etc.) tends to reduce the effect of geography on decentralization, this effect is rather small and mostly statistically insignificant, meaning that the impact of geography survives over time. The additional value added of this strategy is that geography and its interaction with infrastructure development may be used as an instrument for decentralization in future econometric estimations, where decentralization is used as an explanatory variable but it may be suspected to be endogenous to the economic process being studied (economic growth, political instability, macroeconomic stability, income distribution, etc.

Catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate using reusable silica-included Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid as catalyst

In this paper we report, for the first time, the direct incorporation of a heteropolyacid (HPA) with Wells-Dawson structure during the synthesis of silica by the sol?gel technique, in acidic media, using tetraethyl orthosilicate. Thecatalyst characterization was carried out by 31P MAS-NMR, FT-IR, XRD, N2 adsorption?desorption measurements, and the acidic properties were determined through potentiometric titration with n-butylamine. The synthesizedcatalysts were used in the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol, at 78 °C, to obtain ethyl levulinate. The synthesis of silica-included HPAs was satisfactory, and the samples kept their HPA structure intact after synthesis.The catalytic tests for the esterification reaction between levulinic acid and ethanol to produce ethyl levulinate have shown that the silica-included Wells-Dawson HPA is an active and selective catalyst for this reaction. Itmust be noted that silica-included HPAs also kept their structure and catalytic activity after three consecutive reaction cycles. These results indicated that these solid acids are promissory catalysts for the esterification reactionof levulinic acid and ethanol to ethyl levulinate.Fil: Pasquale, Gustavo Antonio. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Patricia Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Baronetti, Graciela Teresita. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Identifying and Disentangling the Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth

This paper revisits the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth by addressing the endogeneity issue stemming from reverse causality and unobserved factors that has plagued the extensive previous literature on this subject. In our approach, we use the Geographic Fragmentation Index (GFI) and country size as instrumental variables, which we argue are strong and consistent instruments for fiscal decentralization. Empirically, we find that indeed both instruments are strong and valid in the first stage of estimation and that on average, a 10-percent increase in subnational expenditure or revenue shares—the conventional measures of decentralization—will increase GDP per capita growth by approximately 0.4 percentage points; however, the results differ for developed versus developing countries

O INDIVÍDUO RURAL EM MARES E CAMPOS, DE VIRGÍLIO VÁRZEA

Virgílio Várzea, despite having written works of every sort, became synonymous with a marinist author, or, occasionally, a regionalist dealing with landscapes. We will seek to position him as a regionalist whose objectives and techniques go hand in hand with those of other authors of the time, such as Afonso Arinos, Valdomiro Silveira and Coelho Neto, having sought through his fiction an understanding of the human element present in the rural areas of his home island, Florianópolis. With the analysis of the tales and certain questions found in the work Mares e Campos, published in 1895, we will consider themes faced by Várzea in particular, and by regionalists of the time in general, in relation to the portrayal of rural people, including their struggles against nature, the socioeconomic problems present there, which could force migrations to urban centers, and also the position of women in that society. Using concepts from Antonio Candido and Ángel Rama, we will also seek to illuminate issues of the language with which these fictions were constructed, considering the speeches of the characters and narrators created by Várzea and, also, positioning the options taken by the author from Santa Catarina with those of other regionalists.Virgílio Várzea, natural da ilha de Florianópolis e ativo entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX, apesar de ter escrito obras das mais variadas, tornou-se sinônimo de autor marinista, ou, ocasionalmente, de um regionalista paisagístico. Buscaremos neste artigo posicioná-lo como um regionalista cujos objetivos e técnicas caminharam lado a lado com os de outros autores da época, como Afonso Arinos, Valdomiro Silveira e Coelho Neto, tendo buscado através de sua ficção uma compreensão do elemento humano presente no interior de sua ilha natal. Com a análise dos contos e de certas questões encontradas na obra Mares e campos, lançada em 1895, consideraremos temas enfrentados por Várzea em particular, e pelos regionalistas da época em geral, em relação à retratação do povo rural, incluindo seus embates contra a natureza dominante, os problemas socioeconômicos presentes, que podiam forçar migrações a centros urbanos, e também a posição da mulher nessa sociedade. Utilizando conceitos de Antonio Candido e de Ángel Rama, buscaremos iluminar questões da linguagem com a qual essas ficções foram construídas, considerando os discursos das personagens e dos narradores criados por Várzea e, também, posicionando as opções tomadas pelo autor catarinense em relação às de outros regionalistas

Lobato no sertão de Jecas e monjolos

Analisaremos o conto "A vingança da peroba", de Monteiro Lobato, publicado em revista em 1916 e no livro Urupês em 1918, posicionando-o na evolução literária percorrida pelo autor. Fazendo jus ao título anterior que Lobato queria dar ao livro – "Dez mortes trágicas" – temos um terrível acidente na casa de Nunes, um fidedigno Jeca Tatu: o monjolo construído por ele acaba por matar, de forma brutal, seu filho. Por trás de toda ambientação rural e do humor negro, há uma construção narrativa que indica a obsessão do homem pelos bens materiais que possui. Finalizaremos comparando a versão estabelecida do conto com seu texto original de 1916, o que lançará mais luzes sobre certas questões da obra

Cinética de liberación y propiedades fisicoquímicas de cápsulas de hidrogel conteniendo ácido clorogénico: efecto de la relación en peso alginato-almidón modificado

En este trabajo se determinó el efecto de la relación en peso de alginato de sodio (AS)/almidón de tapioca modificado (AT) sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y liberación de ácido clorogénico (ACG) de cápsulas de hidrogel. Soluciones de AS/AT en diferentes relaciones en peso (RAS/AT: 1/0, 0.75/0.25, 0.5/0.5 and 0.25/0.75), adicionadas con ACG (40 mg/100 mL), fueron incorporadas gota a gota en una solución de cloruro de calcio para obtener cápsulas de hidrogel de alginato de calcio rellenas con AT. El tamaño de las cápsulas, morfología, eficiencia de encapsulación, propiedades viscoelásticas y texturales, liberación de ACG bajo condiciones gastrointestinales simuladas y la interacción molecular entre los componentes de las cápsulas usando Calorimetría Diferencial de Barrido (CDB) y Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier (EITF) fueron evaluadas. La incorporación de AT tuvo un efecto sobre las CHAS/AT con mayor diámetro, pero menor esfericidad y contenido de humedad que aquellas formadas únicamente por AS. Mayor eficiencia de encapsulación de ACG fue presentada por CH0.5/0.5 (98.76%) y (96.71%). Los resultados de CDB mostraron que el ion Ca⁺² estabilizó la estructura del alginato de sodio a través de entrecruzamiento molecular y que el ACG no interaccionó con la matriz encapsulante. Por su parte los datos obtenidos a partir de EITF revelaron interacción entre el AT y el AS. La liberación de ACG a partir de las CHAS/AT bajo condiciones gastrointestinales simuladas, se relacionó con la porosidad y la tortuosidad de la matriz. El % de liberación de ACG más elevado (89.9 %) lo presentaron las CH0.75/0.25, las cuales mostraron los valores más bajos de Tan δ-% deformación, dureza y cohesividad. El modelo de difusión-relajación que involucró a estos dos mecanismos, fue el que mejor describió a los datos experimentales de liberación del CG. Por otro lado se eligió la formulación CH50/50, para ser incorporadas a licuados de yogurt comercial con cereales, sabores fresa y nuez, los cuales fueron evaluados sensorialmente por 79 consumidores. El licuado de yogurt sabor fresa fue calificado como "me gusta moderadamente" (53.16%) y "me gusta mucho" (26.58%); mientras que aquel sabor nuez fue calificado como "me gusta moderadamente" (32.91%) y "me gusta mucho" (45.57%). Los atributos de apariencia, textura y sabor de los licuados de yogurt fueron mayoritariamente calificados como "me gusta moderadamente" y "me gusta mucho". Las respuestas más frecuentes para la intención de compra fueron positivas