ЭЛЕКРОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВРОЖДЕННОЙ КОСОЛАПОСТИ

Purpose - a complex assessment of the neuromuscular apparatus in different age groups of children with congenital clubfoot before and after surgery. Material and methods. The study included 80 patients (23 girls and 57 boys) with moderate and severe congenital clubfoot between the ages of 0 to 18 years. In 46% of patients a bilateral lesion was noted, in 54% - unilateral. All patients who received surgical treatment tendon-muscle plasty by the Sturm-Zatsepin method, modified in the Turner Institute, were carried out. Long-term results of surgical treatment were investigated in terms of 1 to 5 years. Neurophysiological studies were carried out on a multi-channel computer complex "Neuro-MEP-4" (Russia). Contractive ability of the tibial, peroneal, and gastrocnemius muscles of lower leg was assessed by global electromyography (EMG) for the affected and healthy sides. In order to receive the normal age indexes of electrogenesis the identical study was conducted in 30 subjects in each age group without pathology of the lower extremities. Results. Significant abnormalities of the functional state of the neuro-muscular system in shin were revealed in patients with congenital clubfoot. The analysis of the EMG results in patients admitted for conservative treatment (group 1) showed that in unilateral disease there is a decrease of electrical activity of leg muscles on the affected side. If bilateral symmetrical lesions observed decreasing of muscle electrogenesis were noted compared with the age norm. There are quantitative and qualitative changes in electrogenesis, which are characterized by secondary changes in the muscles on the background of segmental abnormalities. After surgical intervention in patients 0-3 years the positive dynamics of the neuro-muscular functional state of the shin was achieved, which allows to recommend surgical treatment of congenital clubfoot in children in age till three years. Revealed violations of the conductivity on the peroneal nerve motor fibers in children with congenital clubfoot require constant neurological monitoring before and after surgery.Цель - комплексная оценка состояния нервно-мышечного аппарата у различных возрастных групп детей с врожденной косолапостью до и после оперативного лечения. Материал и методы. Обследованы 80 пациентов (23 девочки и 57 мальчиков) с врожденной косолапостью средней и тяжелой степеней в возрасте от рождения до 18 лет. В 46% наблюдений отмечалось двухстороннее поражение, в 54% - одностороннее. Всем пациентам, получавшим оперативное лечение, была проведена сухожильно-мышечная пластика по Штурму-Зацепину в модификации института им. Г.И. Турнера. Отдаленные результаты оперативного лечения исследованы в сроки от 1 до 5 лет. Нейрофизиологические исследования осуществлялись на многоканальном компьютерном комплексе «Нейро-МВП-4» (Россия). Сократительная способность большеберцовой, икроножной и малоберцовых мышц голеней оценивалась методом глобальной электромиографии (ЭМГ) на пораженной и здоровой сторонах. Для получения показателей возрастной нормы электрогенеза проведены идентичные исследования у 30 испытуемых в каждой возрастной группе без патологии нижних конечностей. Результаты. У пациентов с врожденной косолапостью имеются значительные нарушения функционального состояния нервно-мышечного аппарата голеней. Анализ результатов ЭМГ у пациентов, поступивших на консервативное лечение (1 группа), показал, что при односторонней патологии на стороне поражения отмечается снижение электрической активности мышц голени. При билатеральном поражении отмечается симметричное снижение электрогенеза исследованных мышц по сравнению с возрастной нормой. Имеются количественные и качественные изменения электрогенеза, которые характеризуются вторичными изменениями в мышцах на фоне сегментарных нарушений. После операционного вмешательства у больных от рождения до 3 лет прослеживается положительная динамика функционального состояния нервно- мышечного аппарата голеней, что позволяет рекомендовать оперативное лечение врожденной косолапости до трехлетнего возраста. Выявленные нарушения проведения по моторным волокнам малоберцового нерва у детей с врожденной косолапостью требуют постоянного неврологического наблюдения до и после хирургического вмешательства

ИММУНОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАННЕГО РЕВМАТОИДНОГО АРТРИТА

The study is aimed to investigate the distribution of alleles of HLA-DRB1 gene in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals in Russian population, and evaluate their significance as molecular genetic markers of rheumatoid arthritis predisposition and protection. The association between alleles of HLA-DRB1 genes, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides and IgM rheumatoid factor was also studied. Low and high resolution HLA-DRB1 genotyping were compared. In the cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, the alleles of HLA-DRB1 gene were found to be markers of rheumatoid arthritis protection/risk, especially in the homozygous state. They determined production of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides but were not associated with rheumatoid factor IgM levels. These findings support different autoimmune mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. Изучено распределение аллелей гена HLA-DRB1 у больных ранним ревматоидным артритом и здоровых лиц контрольной группы российской популяции и оценена их значимость в качестве молекулярно-генетических маркеров предрасположенности и протекции ревматоидного артрита. Определена сила ассоциативной связи аллелей гена HLA-DRB1 с продукцией антител к циклическим цитруллинированным пептидам и ревматоидному фактору класса М. В исследовании проведено сравнение методов высоко- и низкоразрешающего генотипирования аллелей HLA-DRB1. У больных ранним ревматоидным артритом обнаружены аллели гена HLA-DRB1, являющиеся маркерами риска и протекции ревматоидного артрита, детерминирующие продукцию антител к циклическим цитруллинированным пептидам, но не ассоциированные с антителами класса M к ревматоидному фактору. Полученные данные могут свидетельствовать о различных аутоиммунных механизмах патогенеза ревматоидного артрита. 

Observation Of Very High Energy Cosmic-ray Families In Emulsion Chambers At High Mountain Altitudes (i)

Characteristics of cosmic-ray hadronic interactions in the 1015 - 1017 eV range are studied by observing a total of 429 cosmic-ray families of visible energy greater than 100 TeV found in emulsion chamber experiments at high mountain altitudes, Chacaltaya (5200 m above sea level) and the Pamirs (4300 m above sea level). Extensive comparisons were made with simulated families based on models so far proposed, concentrating on the relation between the observed family flux and the behaviour of high-energy showers in the families, hadronic and electromagnetic components. It is concluded that there must be global change in characteristics of hadronic interactions at around 1016 eV deviating from thise known in the accelerator energy range, specially in the forwardmost angular region of the collision. A detailed study of a new shower phenomenon of small-pT particle emissions, pT being of the order of 10 MeV/c, is carried out and its relation to the origin of huge "halo" phenomena associated with extremely high energy families is discussed as one of the possibilities. General characteristics of such super-families are surveyed. © 1992.3702365431Borisov, (1981) Nucl. Phys., 191 BBaybrina, (1984) Trudy FIAN 154, p. 1. , [in Russian], Nauka, MoscowLattes, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 151Hasegawa, ICR-Report-151-87-5 (1987) presented at FNAL CDF Seminar, , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoCHACALTAYA Emulsion Chamber Experiment (1971) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 47, p. 1Yamashita, Ohsawa, Chinellato, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 30. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo(1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 1. , Tokyo, 1984Baradzei, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics, p. 136. , Tokyo, 1984Yamashita, (1985) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 54, p. 529Bolisov, (1984) Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. on Cosmic rays and Particle Physics, p. 248. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoTamada, Tomaszewski, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 324. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo, PolandHasegawa, (1989) ICR-Report-197-89-14, , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoCHACALTAYA Emulsion Chamber Experiment (1971) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 47, p. 1Okamoto, Shibata, (1987) Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 257 A, p. 155Zhdanov, (1980) FIAN preprint no. 45, , Lebedev Physical Institute, MoscowSemba, Gross Features of Nuclear Interactions around 1015eV through Observation of Gamma Ray Families (1983) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, 76, p. 111Nikolsky, (1975) Izv. Akad. Nauk. USSR Ser. Fis., 39, p. 1160Burner, Energy spectra of cosmic rays above 1 TeV per nucleon (1990) The Astrophysical Journal, 349, p. 25Takahashi, (1990) 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-ray Interactions, , Tarbes, FranceRen, (1988) Phys. Rev., 38 D, p. 1404Alner, The UA5 high energy simulation program (1987) Nuclear Physics B, 291 B, p. 445Bozzo, Measurement of the proton-antiproton total and elastic cross sections at the CERN SPS collider (1984) Physics Letters B, 147 B, p. 392Wrotniak, (1985) Proc. 19th Cosmic-Ray Conf. La Jolla, 1985, 6, p. 56. , NASA Conference Publication, Washington, D.CWrotniak, (1985) Proc. 19th Cosmic-Ray Conf. La Jolla, 1985, 6, p. 328. , NASA Conference Publication, Washington, D.CMukhamedshin, (1984) Trudy FIAN, 154, p. 142. , Nauka, Moscow, [in Russian]Dunaevsky, Pluta, Slavatinsky, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 143. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandKaidalov, Ter-Martirosyan, (1987) Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Moscow, 1987, 5, p. 141. , Nauka, MoscowShabelsky, (1985) preprints LNPI-1113Shabelsky, (1986) preprints LNPI-1224, , Leningrad [in Russian]Hillas, (1979) Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Kyoto, 6, p. 13. , Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoBorisov, (1987) Phys. Lett., 190 B, p. 226Hasegawa, Tamada, (1990) 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, , Tarbes, FranceSemba, Gross Features of Nuclear Interactions around 1015eV through Observation of Gamma Ray Families (1983) Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement, p. 111Ren, (1988) Phys. Rev., 38 D, p. 1404Dynaevsky, Zimin, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interaction, p. 93. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandDynaevsky, (1990) Proc. 6th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, , Tarbes, France(1989) FIAN preprint no. 208, , Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow(1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 8, p. 259. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaHasegawa, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9, , Inst. for Cosmic-Ray Research, Univ. of TokyoTamada, (1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, AustraliaTamada, (1990) ICR-Report-216-90-9(1981) Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Paris, 5, p. 291(1990) Proc. Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8, p. 267. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, Australia(1989) Inst. Nucl. Phys. 89-67/144, , preprint, Inst. Nucl. Phys., Moscow State UnivSmilnova, (1988) Proc. 5th Int. Sym. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 42. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, PolandGoulianos, (1986) Proc. Workshop of Particle Simulation at High Energies, , University of Wisconsin, Madison, USAIvanenko, (1983) Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Bangalore, 1983, 5, p. 274. , Tata Inst. Fundamental Research, Bombay, IndiaIvanenko, (1984) Proc. Int. Symp. on Cosmic-Rays and Particle Physics, p. 101. , Tokyo, 1984, Inst. for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo(1988) 5th Int. Symp. on Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions, p. 180. , Lodz, 1988, Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Lodz, Poland(1990) Proc. 21st Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Adelaide, 1990, 8, p. 251. , Dept. Physics and Mathematical Physics, Univ. of Adelaide, Australia(1991) Izv. AN USSR No. 4, , to be publishedNikolsky, Shaulov, Cherdyntseva, (1990) FIAN preprint no. 140, , Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, [in Russian](1987) Proc. 20th Int. Cosmic-Ray Conf., Moscow, 1987, 5, p. 326. , Nauka, Mosco

Observation Of A High-energy Cosmic-ray Family Caused By A Centauro-type Nuclear Interaction In The Joint Emulsion Chamber Experiment At The Pamirs

An exotic cosmic-ray family event is observed in the large emulsion chamber exposed by the joint at the Pamirs (4360 m above sea level). The family is composed of 120γ-ray-induced showers and 37 hadron-induced showers with individual visible energy exceeding 1 TeV. The decisive feature of the event is the hadron dominance: ΣEγ, ΣE(γ) h, 〈Eγ, 〈E(γ) h〉, 〈Eγ·Rγ〉 and 〈E(γ)·Rh〉 being 298 TeV, 476 TeV, 2.5 TeV, 12.9 TeV, 28.6 GeV m and 173 GeV m, respectively. Most probably the event is due to a Centauro interaction, which occured in the atmosphere at ∼700 m above the chamber. The event will constitute the second beautiful candidate for a Centauro observed at the Pamirs. © 1987.1901-2226233Bayburina, (1981) Nucl. Phys. B, 191, p. 1Lattes, Fujimoto, Hasegawa, Hadronic interactions of high energy cosmic-ray observed by emulsion chambers (1980) Physics Reports, 65, p. 151(1984) Trudy FIAN, 154, p. 1Borisov, (1984) Proc. Intern. Symp. on Cosmic rays and particle physics, p. 3. , TokyoRen, (1985) 19th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 317. , La JollaYamashita, (1985) 19th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 364. , La JollaTamada, (1977) Nuovo Cimento, 41 B, p. 245T. Shibata et al., to be publishedHillas, (1979) 16th Intern. Cosmic ray Conf., 6, p. 13. , KyotoBattiston, Measurement of the proton-antiproton elastic and total cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of 540 GeV (1982) Physics Letters B, 117, p. 126UA5 Collab., G.J. Alner et al., preprint CERN-EP/85-62Taylor, (1976) Phys. Rev. D, 14, p. 1217Burnett, (1984) Proc. Intern. Symp. on Cosmic rays and particle physics, p. 468. , Toky

Comparative analysis of sexual variability of morphometric parameters of the posterior cranial fossa, cerebellum and their ratios in adults

Background. The relevance of this study is to study the variability of the structures of the posterior cranial fossa, cerebellum and their ratios related to the magnitude of the basilar angle, which are taken into account in neurorentgenology as predictors for assessing the mutual influence of bone and brain structures on the development of lesions of the cerebellum and brainstem. The purpose of the stude is to conduct a comparative analysis of the sexual morphometric variability of the parameters of the posterior cranial fossa, cerebellum and their ratios in individuals with flexibasilar type of skull according to MRI data. Materials and methods. The material of the study was 50 magnetic resonance tomograms of the heads of persons with flexibasilar type of skull (22 men and 28 women) of the I and II middle-aged period (22 - 60 years) without pathology of the skull and brain. The linear parameters of the posterior cranial fossa, the slope of the occipital bone and the cerebellum were studied by computer craniometry using a PhilipsIngenia 1.5T superconducting tomograph with further calculation of the calculated average values. Results and conclusions. The results of the study showed in men a significant predominance of the width and depth of the posterior cranial fossa, the length of the slope of the occipital bone, as well as the width of the cerebellum at the level of its posterior poles and the width of the worm compared with women. A comparative analysis of the ratios of morphometric parameters showed that the hemispheres of the cerebellum at the level of the posterior poles almost completely fill the posterior cranial fossa: in men by 90 %, in women by 89%, and at the level of its anterior poles – twice as wide. The length of the worm occupies more than half the length of the cerebellar hemispheres (52.8 % in men, 55.3 % in women), the width corresponds to more than 40.0 % of the width of the cerebellar hemispheres at the level of the anterior poles and more than 15.0 % – at the level of the posterior poles of the hemispheres. In men, the combined length of the large hole and the length of the ramp almost completely correspond to the length of the posterior cranial fossa and leave 94.4 %, in women it is 12.0 % less, with this ratio of linear parameters in both sexes, the length of the slope of the occipital bone occupies more than 50.0 % of the length of the fossa. The obtained results can be taken into account when interpreting magnetic resonance images, used as an anatomical justification for choosing optimal operational approaches to the structures of the skull and brain, taking into account the type of skull base

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ИОНИЗИРУЮЩЕГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НА ТКАНИ МЕТОДОМ ЛАЗЕРНОЙ ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОЙ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ IN VIVO

Background: Laser fluorescence spectroscopy (LFS) is widely used in various medical areas, oncology being the most known of them. In general, the LFS is used for in vivo diagnostics of tumors. Recent studies have shown that this method could be used for diagnostics of local inflammation, induced by thermal or mechanical injury. It is of interest if LFS could be used for assessment of soft biological tissue injury caused by radiation exposure. Aim: To study fluorescence of an exogenous photosensitizer and its changes over time in the radiation injury area by LFS method in vivo. Materials and methods: The experiment was done in 12 outbred SHK mice whose right hind limbs were irradiated using a gamma-therapy device ROKUS-AM (source, 60Co, at dose of 15 Gy). Before irradiation, the photosensitizer Photosens was administered to all animals intraperitoneally at dose of 2.5 mg/kg. For 21 days fluorescence was assessed in vivo with a laser diagnostic system LAKK-M in the “fluorescence” operation mode, with an excitation wavelength of 635 nm. At days 7 and 21, tissue samples from the irradiated areas of the model animals were studied histologically and differential blood cell counts were assessed simultaneously. Results: The LFS method showed an increase in the accumulation of the photosensitizer in the affected area, compared to an intact contralateral area, with higher signal intensity from the irradiated limb. The changes in the fluorescence signal from the affected over time had two characteristic peaks at days 3 and 14, probably reflecting the stage of local radiation injury. Conclusion: The use of LFS with an exogenous photosensitizer has a potential for a personalized assessment of radiation reactions in radiology.Актуальность. Лазерная флуоресцентная спектроскопия (ЛФС) широко используется в  различных медицинских направлениях, наиболее известное из которых  – онкология. В  основном ЛФС применяют для in vivo диагностики опухолей. Последние исследования показали, что ЛФС можно использовать для диагностики локального воспаления, инициированного термическим или механическим воздействием. Представляет интерес, возможно ли оценить методом ЛФС поражение мягких биологических тканей, вызванное лучевым воздействием. Цель  – исследование динамики флуоресценции экзогенного фотосенсибилизатора в  области лучевого поражения методом ЛФС in vivo. Материал и методы. В исследовании участвовали мыши линии SHK (n=12), правая задняя конечность которых подвергалась облучению на гамма-терапевтическом аппарате РОКУС-АМ (источник 60Co, доза 15 Гр). Перед облучением всем животным внутрибрюшинно был введен фотосенсибилизатор Фотосенс из расчета 2,5  мг/кг. Измерения флуоресценции проводили на комплексе многофункциональной лазер- ной диагностики «ЛАКК-М» в  течение 21  суток, длина волны возбуждения флуоресценции  – 635 нм. Параллельно на 7- и  21-е сутки проводили гистологическое исследование области лучевого поражения и  исследование лейкоцитарной формулы крови экспериментальных животных. Результаты. Метод ЛФС выявил увеличение накопления фотосенсибилизатора в области поражения по сравнению с интактной симметричной областью, что приводило к  повышению интенсивности сигнала флуоресценции в облученной конечности. Динамика сигнала флуоресценции пораженной области имеет два характерных максимума – на 3-и и 14-е сутки, что, возможно, отражает динамику развития локального лучевого поражения. Заключение. Применение метода ЛФС с использованием экзогенного фотосенсибилизатора имеет потенциал для персонализированной оценки лучевых реакций в радиологии.

Complex treatment of recurrent cystitis with neurogenic bladder dysfunction in girls

[No abstract available

The Role of Weak Interactions in Strong Intermolecular M···Cl Complexes of Coinage Metal Pyrazolates: Spectroscopic and DFT Study

The nondestructive reversible complexation of the macrocyclic group 11 metal pyrazolates {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]M}3 (M = Cu(I), Ag(I)) to the halogen atom X = Cl, Br of η3-allyliron tricarbonyl halides (η3-2-R-C3H4)Fe(CO)3X is revealed by the variable-temperature spectroscopic (IR, NMR) study combined with density functional theory calculations. The composition of all complexes at room temperature is determined as 1:1. In the case of the [AgL]3 macrocycle, complexes 1:2 are observed at low temperature (<260 K). The complex's stability depends on the substituents in the allyl fragment and halide ligand as well as on the metal atom (Ag(I), Cu(I)) in the macrocycle. For bulky substituents (Me and Ph) the endo/exo equilibrium of the parent (η3-2-R-C3H4)Fe(CO)3X shifts upon the complex formation in favor of the exo isomer due to additional noncovalent interactions of the substituent with macrocycle. © 2016 American Chemical Society

The Role of Weak Interactions in Strong Intermolecular M···Cl Complexes of Coinage Metal Pyrazolates: Spectroscopic and DFT Study

The nondestructive reversible complexation of the macrocyclic group 11 metal pyrazolates {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]M}3 (M = Cu(I), Ag(I)) to the halogen atom X = Cl, Br of η3-allyliron tricarbonyl halides (η3-2-R-C3H4)Fe(CO)3X is revealed by the variable-temperature spectroscopic (IR, NMR) study combined with density functional theory calculations. The composition of all complexes at room temperature is determined as 1:1. In the case of the [AgL]3 macrocycle, complexes 1:2 are observed at low temperature (<260 K). The complex's stability depends on the substituents in the allyl fragment and halide ligand as well as on the metal atom (Ag(I), Cu(I)) in the macrocycle. For bulky substituents (Me and Ph) the endo/exo equilibrium of the parent (η3-2-R-C3H4)Fe(CO)3X shifts upon the complex formation in favor of the exo isomer due to additional noncovalent interactions of the substituent with macrocycle. © 2016 American Chemical Society