40 research outputs found
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL CREAM OF CHLORPHENESIN
Objective: The main aim of our research was to develop an Antifungal cream formulation consisting of Chlorphenesin for the treatment of Fungal infections. Topical route is the most suitable route for skin infections.
Methods: The development of topical drug delivery systems designed to have systemic effects appears to be beneficial for a number of drugs on account of several advantages over conventional dosage forms(or) routes of drug administration. An Antifungal cream formulation consisting of Chlorphenesin was prepared.
Results: The formulation was subjected to in vitro diffusion studies. Microbiological studies were performed to find out the safety of materials used in the formulation.
Conclusion: The developed cream consisting of Cholrphnesin was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of fungal infection
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF SALBUTAMOL SULFATE FOR THE CHRONOTHERAPY OF ASTHMA
Objective: The main objective of the present study was to design and evaluate a time-controlled single unit oral pulsatile drug delivery system containing salbutamol sulfate for the prevention of nocturnal asthma attacks.Methods: Drug containing core tablets (C1-C10) with different composition of superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, and crospovidone were prepared by direct compression technique. The fast disintegrating core tablet formulation was selected, and press-coated tablets (P1-P11) were prepared with different compositions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers: Ethylcellulose-20 (EC-20), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M, and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC LH11). The coating polymers were selected and quantified based on in vitro lag time and drug release profile in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids.Results: Formulation C10 with 7.5% crospovidone showed least disintegrating time, i.e., 0.31 min and was selected as the best immediate release core tablet. The press-coated tablet formulation P11 having 360 mg barrier layer of EC-20 and L-HPC LH11 in ratio 14:1 over the core tablet C10 showed rapid and complete drug release nearly after 6 h lag time. Accelerated stability studies of the optimized formulation P11 indicated no significant difference in release profile after a period of 6 months.Conclusion: The in vitro dissolution study showed that lag time before drug release was highly affected by the coating level and nature of coating polymer used. Time-controlled pulsatile release tablets can be prepared using press-coating techniques
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Studies on the effects of feeding yellow pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Miranda) diets with and without supplementation to commercial broiler chickens
Five experiments were conducted with commercial broilers to study the effects of feeding yellow pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Miranda) diets with and without supplementation. Mean body weights and feed conversion for broilers fed 0, 25, 50 and 65% of soybean crude protein (CP) substituted with yellow pea (YP) protein were not significantly different among the dietary treatments at 4-weeks of age (WOA). At the end of 7 WOA broilers fed 50 and 65% YP diets had significantly lower mean male, female and combined sex body weights than broilers fed the 0 (C-S) and 25% YP diet. Feed conversion for broilers fed the 65% YP diets was significantly higher than for broilers fed the 0 (C-S), 25 and 50% YP diets (Experiment 1). Commercial broiler chicks grown in cages with raised wire floors from day-old to 4 WOA (Experiment 2) and from day-old to 7 WOA (Experiment 3) were fed YP diet without and with supplementation of either choline (.12%) or a dl-methionine (.4%) or a combination of the two. Autoclaved YP was also fed which represented 50% of the CP from soybean meal. Feeding diets containing 25 and 50% YP did not significantly depress either growth rate or improve feed utilization when compared to broilers fed the 0% YP diet. Supplementation of choline (.12%) or dl-methionine (.4%) or the combination of the two to 50% YP diet and feeding autoclaved 50% unsupplemented YP diet did not significantly improve performance. Broiler chicks were reared on litter floors (Experiment 4) and fed diets containing 0, 25 and 50% YP and 50% YP diets with supplemental 1-tryptophan (.045%) to 7 WOA. At 4 and 7 weeks, significant improvements in mean male body weights were observed with supplemental 1-tryptophan to the 50% YP diet then with the unsupplemented 50% YP diet. No significant difference was observed in combined body weights, mean female body weights and feed conversion at 4 and 7 WOA among broilers fed 50% YP with and without 1-tryptophan supplementation. Performance of broilers fed 0 and 25% YP diets were not significantly different at 4 and 7 WOA. Supplementations of either 1-tryptophan (.01%) or 1-threonine (.03%.) or 1-lysine (.1%) or combinations of two or three amino acids to 50% YP diets were carried out (Experiment 5). At 4 WOA, supplementation of tryptophan and threonine to 50% YP diet significantly improved body weight more than did the unsupplemented 50% YP diet. Supplementations of either tryptophan or threonine to 50% YP diets did not produce significant differences in mean body weights than the 25% YP diet. Lower body weight was observed with lysine supplementation than with other dietary treatments at 4 WOA. At 7 WOA, supplementation of threonine alone or combination of threonine and tryptophan to 50% YP diets produced comparable growth performance with that of broilers fed 0% and 25% YP diets. Lysine supplementation to the 50% YP diet produced lower body weights than the other dietary treatments. No significant differences in body weights were observed among the broilers fed the 50% YP diets supplemented with tryptophan alone or a combination of either lysine with tryptophan or threonine or all three amino acids when compared with 50% YP diet. Feed conversion was not significantly different among the dietary treatments at 4 and 7 WOA. Feeding of 25% YP diet was not detrimental to broiler growth and feed conversion. Supplementation of either tryptophan or threonine or the combination of the two to the 50% YP diet improved body weights. However, lysine, methionine and choline supplementations did not improve broiler performances
BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE FILMS
The buccal route of administration has many advantages, including gastrointestinal bypass surgery and first pass through the liver. The mucoadhesive membrane is a retention dosage form that can release the drug directly into the biological matrix. Cheek technology has proven to be an advanced alternative to other traditional devices. The type of drug delivery system. This is a mature technology for systemic administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients [API]. In addition, due to their small size and thinness, these films improve patient compliance. Over the past decade, because it is a promising delivery alternative for multiple therapeutic categories, including peptides, vaccines and nanoparticles. Mucosal adhesions are currently explained by six theories: electronics, adsorption, wettability, diffusion, degradation and mechanics. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are suggested. Study its mechanism. This study includes an overview of the mechanisms and theories of mucosal adhesion, and introduces the most commonly used methods. The "film casting method" involves casting an aqueous solution and/or organic solvent to produce a film suitable for the application route. The determination of key properties such as mucosal adhesion strength, uniformity of active ingredient content and permeability are important research areas in the field of buccal membrane design
Coexistence of para and ferromagnetic phases of Fe3+ in undoped CdZnTe (Zn r-v 4%) crystals
The signatures of the coexistence of para and ferromagnetic phases for the Fe3+ charge state of iron
have been identified in the low temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra in undoped CdZnTe (Zn ~ 4%) crystals and independently verified by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)and AC susceptibility measurements. In the paramagnetic phase the inverse of AC susceptibility follows the Curie-Weiss law. In the ferromagnetic phase the thermal evolution of magnetization follows the well-known Bloch T3/2 law. This is further supported by the appearance of hysteresis in the SQUID
measurements at 2 Kbelow Tc which is expected to lie in between 2 and 2.5 K
Cross reactive cellular immune responses in chickens previously exposed to low pathogenic avian influenza
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Avian influenza (AI) infection in poultry can result in high morbidity and mortality, and negatively affect international trade. Because most AI vaccines used for poultry are inactivated, our knowledge of immunity against AI is based largely on humoral immune responses. In fact, little is known about cellular immunity following a primary AI infection in poultry, especially regarding cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL’s).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In these studies, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-defined (B<sup>2</sup>/B<sup>2</sup>) chickens were infected with low pathogenic AI (LPAI) H9N2 and clinical signs of disease were monitored over a two weeks period. Splenic lymphocytes from infected and naïve birds were examined for cross reactivity against homologous and heterologous (H7N2) LPAI by ex vivo stimulation. Cellular immunity was determined by cytotoxic lysis of B<sup>2</sup>/B<sup>2</sup> infected lung target cells and proliferation of T cells following exposure to LPAI.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Infection with H9N2 resulted in statistically significant weight loss compared to sham-infected birds. Splenic lymphocytes derived from H9N2-infected birds displayed lysis of both homologous (H9N2) and heterologous (H7N2) infected target cells, whereas lymphocytes obtained from sham-infected birds did not. T cell proliferation was determined to be highest when exposed to the homologous virus.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Taken together these data extend the findings that cellular immunity, including CTL’s, is cross reactive against heterologous isolates of AI and contribute to protection following infection.</p
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dried Blood Spots Collected on HemaSpot HF Devices Compared to Venous Blood Specimens To Estimate Measles and Rubella Seroprevalence.
Fingerprick blood spotted onto filter paper offers an alternative to venous blood for use in population-based surveillance because it is comparatively inexpensive, acceptable, and easy to manage in the field. Prior studies have shown excellent agreement for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody detection from dried blood spots (DBS) and venous blood samples. However, much of this evidence is from high-income settings or laboratories where the samples were unlikely to be exposed to extreme temperatures and humidity, factors known to degrade DBS. We report the diagnostic accuracy of DBS collected using HemaSpot HF devices against venous sera in measuring measles- and rubella-specific IgG antibodies in a household serosurvey conducted in two districts in India. Paired serum and DBS samples collected by fingerprick were collected from women aged 15 to 50 years enrolled in a serosurvey in Palghar District of Maharashtra and Kanpur Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh in India. Specimen quality and volume were assessed in the laboratory. Samples were tested for antimeasles and antirubella IgG antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Euroimmun). Sensitivity of antibody detection by DBS was greater than 98%, and specificity was 90% and 98%, for measles and rubella IgG, respectively. Antibody concentrations were strongly correlated between paired specimens with adequate volume (measles R2 = 0.94; rubella R2 = 0.89). Although correlation was poor if DBS specimens had lower volumes, impact on qualitative results was minimal. This study showed DBS collected with HemaSpot HF devices can generate highly accurate results of measles- and rubella-specific IgG compared to sera in community-based surveys when protocols are optimized for DBS specimens. IMPORTANCE Dried blood spot (DBS) collection provides an easy, practical, and acceptable alternative to venous blood collection, especially for community-based studies, provided that results from DBS are accurate. We demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for measles- and rubella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) with DBS collected via HemaSpot HF devices compared to serum samples. This is one of the largest community-based diagnostic accuracy studies of measles and rubella antibody testing with DBS and the first application we are aware of using HemaSpot HF device for measles and rubella serology. Results support the use of DBS in community-based serosurveillance