Socio economic crisis and mortality. Epidemiological testimony of the financial collapse of Argentina

BACKGROUND: Natural disasters, war, and terrorist attacks, have been linked to cardiac mortality. We sought to investigate whether a major financial crisis may impact on the medical management and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes. METHODS: We analyzed the Argentine cohort of the international multicenter Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). The primary objective was to estimate if there was an association between the financial crisis period (April 1999 to December 2002) and in- hospital cardiovascular mortality, with the post-crisis period (January 2003 to September 2004) as the referent. Each period was defined according to the evolution of the Gross Domestic Product. We investigated the demographic characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3220 patients, 2246 (69.8%) patients in the crisis period and 974 (30.2%) in the post-crisis frame. The distribution of demographic and clinical baseline characteristics were not significantly different between both periods. During the crisis period the incidence of in-hospital myocardial infarction was higher (6.9% Vs 2.9%; p value < 0.0001), as well as congestive heart failure (16% Vs 11%; p value < 0.0001). Time to intervention with angioplasty was longer during the crisis, especially among public sites (median 190 min Vs 27 min). The incidence proportion of mortality during hospitalization was 6.2% Vs 5.1% after crisis. The crude OR for mortality was 1.2 (95% C.I. 0.87, 1.7). The odds for mortality were higher among private institutions {1.9 (95% C.I. 0.9, 3.8)} than for public centers {1.2 (95% C.I. 0.83, 1.79)}. We did not observe a significant interaction between type of hospital and crisis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the financial crisis may have had a negative impact on cardiovascular mortality during hospitalization, and higher incidence of medical complications

Socio economic crisis and mortality. Epidemiological testimony of the financial collapse of Argentina

BACKGROUND: Natural disasters, war, and terrorist attacks, have been linked to cardiac mortality. We sought to investigate whether a major financial crisis may impact on the medical management and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes. METHODS: We analyzed the Argentine cohort of the international multicenter Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). The primary objective was to estimate if there was an association between the financial crisis period (April 1999 to December 2002) and in- hospital cardiovascular mortality, with the post-crisis period (January 2003 to September 2004) as the referent. Each period was defined according to the evolution of the Gross Domestic Product. We investigated the demographic characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3220 patients, 2246 (69.8%) patients in the crisis period and 974 (30.2%) in the post-crisis frame. The distribution of demographic and clinical baseline characteristics were not significantly different between both periods. During the crisis period the incidence of in-hospital myocardial infarction was higher (6.9% Vs 2.9%; p value \u3c 0.0001), as well as congestive heart failure (16% Vs 11%; p value \u3c 0.0001). Time to intervention with angioplasty was longer during the crisis, especially among public sites (median 190 min Vs 27 min). The incidence proportion of mortality during hospitalization was 6.2% Vs 5.1% after crisis. The crude OR for mortality was 1.2 (95% C.I. 0.87, 1.7). The odds for mortality were higher among private institutions {1.9 (95% C.I. 0.9, 3.8)} than for public centers {1.2 (95% C.I. 0.83, 1.79)}. We did not observe a significant interaction between type of hospital and crisis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the financial crisis may have had a negative impact on cardiovascular mortality during hospitalization, and higher incidence of medical complications

Presencia de angiogénesis en placas vulnerables ateroscleróticas en corazones humanos aparentemente sanos

Background Angiogenesis or neovascularization involves the formation of new blood vessels adjacent to preexisting vessels. This vascular proliferation is prevalent in various clinical conditions, such as atherosclerosis. Microvessels in coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques may contribute to plaque instability. Objectives The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques with the criteria of plaque vulnerability used by the American Heart Association (AHA). Methods One hundred and twenty one hearts from non-diabetic and apparently healthy transplant donors older than 40 years were selected. The coronary arteries were examined and all areas of cross-sectional luminal narrowing underwent histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. A semi-quantitative score (scale 0-3) was used to identify of angiogenesis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify angiogenesis-related risk factors. Results On hundred and forty three high-risk lesions (AHA type IV, V and VI) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (46.3%), the circumflex coronary artery (28.9%) and the right coronary artery (43%) were identified. Angiogenesis had a statistically significant association with the severity of vascular occlusion, inflammatory cell infiltration, presence of a lipid core, fibrosis and periarteritis. A history of hypertension (HT) was associated with angiogenesis only in lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). According to the AHA classification angiogenesis was detected in 1 Type II, 5 Type III, 21 Type IV, 22 Type V, and 7 Type VI plaques. Conclusions Angiogenesis in vulnerable plaques was associated with the severity of vascular occlusion, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis and presence of a lipid core, and with a history of HT in LAD lesions. There was no association between angiogenesis and plaque hemorrhage or calcification, suggesting that angiogenesis may anticipate plaque rupture.Introducción La angiogénesis o neovascularización involucra la formación de nuevos conductos en las adyacencias de vasos preexistentes. Esta proliferación vascular es frecuente en varias circunstancias clínicas, como es el caso de la aterosclerosis. Los microvasos de las placas ateroscleróticas coronarias pueden estar vinculados a la inestabilidad de la lesión. Objetivo Correlacionar la presencia de angiogénesis en placas ateroscleróticas con los criterios de vulnerabilidad de la clasificación de la American Heart Association (AHA). Material y métodos En 121 corazones de donantes no diabéticos aparentemente sanos y mayores de 40 años destinados para homoinjertos se examinaron las arterias coronarias y todas las áreas de estrechamiento luminal se sometieron a estudios histológicos, inmunohistoquímicos y morfométricos. Para el análisis de la angiogénesis se empleó un puntaje semicuantitativo (escala 0-3). Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística univariado y multivariado para identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con la angiogénesis. Resultados Se hallaron 143 lesiones de riesgo alto (AHA tipos IV, V y VI) en las arterias descendente anterior (46,3%), circunfleja (28,9%) y coronaria derecha (43%). La angiogénesis se asoció en forma estadísticamente significativa con el grado de oclusión vascular, la infiltración de células inflamatorias, la presencia de centro lipídico, la fibrosis, la periarteritis y, sólo en la descendente anterior, con el antecedente de hipertensión arterial (p < 0,006). Se detectó angiogénesis en 1 placa tipo II, en 5 tipo III, en 21 tipo IV, en 22 tipo V y en 7 placas tipo VI (AHA). Conclusiones La angiogénesis de placas vulnerables se asoció con el grado de oclusión vascular, la infiltración de células inflamatorias, la fibrosis, la presencia de núcleo lipídico y, sólo en la descendente anterior, con el antecedente de hipertensión arterial. No se encontró asociación con la hemorragia intraplaca o la calcificación, lo cual sugiere que la angiogénesis puede anticipar la rotura de las placas