A study on body mass index and its correlation with type 2 diabetes

Obesity and increases in body weight are among the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Body mass index is also known as obesity index. Body mass index is a strong and independent risk factor for being diagnosed in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a high risk of type 2 diabetes in those who have a higher body mass index. The present study has been done with the objective of finding correlation between BMI and type 2 diabetes

Correlation between thyroxin hormone level, bilirubin and uric acid in diabetic subjects

Background: Levels of thyroxin hormone along with T3, TSH and other markers such as uric acid, bilirubin and glucose are important in diagnosis and medical management of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorder. Relationship between these parameters are important in both diabetes mellitus and Thyroid gland disease, as both disorders are increasing very fast in Indian population. Present study aimed to analyzed T3, T4, TSH, uric acid and bilirubin in Haroti Region of Jhalawar, Rajasthan in diabetic and non diabetic subjects.Methods: One hundred diabetes mellitus subjects and 100 healthy control subjects were analyzed for determination of thyroxin, T3, TSH, uric acid and bilirubin by commercial kit method.Results: One hundred subjects of diabetes mellitus between age 30-60 years male and female were analyzed. It was observed significantly T3 <0.001 T4 <0.001 TSH <0.001 bilirubin <0.01 in diabetic subjects and found to be significant when compared in both groups. However, uric acid level insignificant in both patients and control groups.Conclusions:This study demonstrated that thyroxin hormone with T3, TSH and bilirubin and uric acid, are important parameters and their values are significant when compared with healthy subjects in diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorder. 

Disaster relief operations: past, present and future

The aim of the preface is to introduce the scope of this special issue (SI). We explain our editorial approach and summarise our findings based on articles included in this SI. Finally, we outline future research questions which stemmed out of the discussions of this SI

Noninvasive high-frequency oscillation ventilation as post- extubation respiratory support in neonates: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

IntroductionNoninvasive High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (NHFOV) is increasingly being adopted to reduce the need for invasive ventilation after extubation.ObjectivesTo evaluate the benefits and harms of NHFOV as post-extubation respiratory support in newborns compared to other non-invasive respiratory support modes.Material & methodsWe included randomized controlled trials comparing NHFOV with other non-invasive modes post-extubation in newborns. Data sources were MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WHO international clinical trials registry platform and Clinical Trial Registry, forward and backward citation search. Methodological quality of studies was assessed by Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool 1.0.ResultsThis systematic review included 21 studies and 3294 participants, the majority of whom were preterm. NHFOV compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) reduced reintubation within seven days (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.53) after extubation. It also reduced extubation failure (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.51) and reintubation within 72 hrs (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.53), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.94) and pulmonary air leak (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.79) compared to NCPAP. The rate of reintubation within seven days (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.18 to 2.14) was similar whereas extubation failure (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) and reintubation (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.89) within 72 hrs were lower in NHFOV group compared to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. There was no effect on other outcomes. Overall quality of the evidence was low to very low in both comparisons.ConclusionsNHFOV may reduce the rate of reintubation and extubation failure post-extubation without increasing complications. Majority of the trials were exclusively done in preterm neonates. Further research with high methodological quality is warranted

Not Available

Not AvailableThe evaluation of soil quality is essential in monitoring the long term effects of rice cultivation. Present study investigated the effects of long term rice cultivation on soil properties and organic C pools and identified indicators for monitoring soil quality in Ghaggar-flood plains of hot arid India. Soil samples were collected from fields with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 years of rice cultivation. The study revealed that electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) increased after 30–40 years of rice cultivation. Available nutrients increased with increas- ing years of rice cultivation. The organic carbon pools namely, total organic carbon (TOC), Walkley Black carbon (WBC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were increased above 50% in 20 and above years of rice cultivation. The TOC and POC were increased by 40.6 to 132.4% and 31.7% to 104.8% in 10 to 40 years of rice cultivation. Cation exchange capacity, WBC, ESP and CaCO3 could serve as soil monitoring indicators of long term rice cultivation in arid region. The findings clearly indicated that long term rice cultivation could aggravate soil salinity and have negative impact on soil quality in arid environment.Not Availabl