Theoretical and experimental evidence of non-symmetric doubly localized rogue waves

We present determinant expressions for vector rogue wave solutions of the Manakov system, a two-component coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. As special case, we generate a family of exact and non-symmetric rogue wave solutions of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation up to third-order, localized in both space and time. The derived non-symmetric doubly-localized second-order solution is generated experimentally in a water wave flume for deep-water conditions. Experimental results, confirming the characteristic non-symmetric pattern of the solution, are in very good agreement with theory as well as with numerical simulations, based on the modified nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, known to model accurately the dynamics of weakly nonlinear wave packets in deep-water.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Proceedings of the Royal Society

The hierarchy of higher order solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation

In this paper, we provide a simple method to generate higher order position solutions and rogue wave solutions for the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. The formulae of these higher order solutions are given in terms of determinants. The dynamics and structures of solutions generated by this method are studied

The higher order Rogue Wave solutions of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation

We construct higher order rogue wave solutions for the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation explicitly in term of determinant expression. Dynamics of both soliton and non-soliton solutions is discussed. A family of solutions with distinct structures are presented, which are new to the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation

Asymptotic dynamics of higher-order lumps in the Davey-Stewartson II equation

A family of higher-order rational lumps on non-zero constant background of Davey–Stewartson (DS) II equation are investigated. These solutions have multiple peaks whose heights and trajectories are approximately given by asymptotical analysis. It is found that the heights are time-dependent and for large time they approach the same constant height value of the first-order fundamental lump. The resulting trajectories are considered and it is found that the scattering angle can assume arbitrary values in the interval of which is markedly distinct from the necessary orthogonal scattering for the higher-order lumps on zero background. Additionally, it is illustrated that the higher-order lumps containing multi-peaked n-lumps can be regarded as a nonlinear superposition of n first-order ones as

A New Species of the Genus Trimeresurus from Southwest China (Squamata: Viperidae)

Species from the Trimeresurus popeiorum complex (Subgenus: Popeia) is a very complex group. T. popeiorum is the only Popeia species known from China. During the past two years, five adult Popeia specimens (4 males, 1 female) were collected from Yingjiang County, Southern Yunnan, China. Molecular, morphological and ecological data show distinct differences from known species, herein we describe these specimens as a new species Trimeresurus yingjiangensis sp. nov Chen, Ding, Shi and Zhang, 2018. Morphologically, the new species distinct from other Popeia species by a combination of following characters: (1) dorsal body olive drab,without cross bands on the scales; (2) a conspicuous bicolor ventrolateral stripe present on each side of males, first row of dorsal scales firebrick with a white ellipse dot on posterior upper part in male, these strips absent in females; (3) eyes firebrick in both gender; (4) suboculars separated from 3rd upper labial by one scale on each side; (5) ventrals 164–168 (n = 5); (6) MSR 21

Tight junction CLDN2 gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor

The breakdown of the intestinal barrier is a common manifestation of many diseases. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D and its receptor VDR may regulate intestinal barrier function. Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein that mediates paracellular water transport in intestinal epithelia, rendering them "leaky". Using whole body VDR(-/-) mice, intestinal epithelial VDR conditional knockout (VDR(ΔIEC)) mice, and cultured human intestinal epithelial cells, we demonstrate here that the CLDN2 gene is a direct target of the transcription factor VDR. The Caudal-Related Homeobox (Cdx) protein family is a group of the transcription factor proteins which bind to DNA to regulate the expression of genes. Our data showed that VDR-enhances Claudin-2 promoter activity in a Cdx1 binding site-dependent manner. We further identify a functional vitamin D response element (VDRE) 5΄-AGATAACAAAGGTCA-3΄ in the Cdx1 site of the Claudin-2 promoter. It is a VDRE required for the regulation of Claudin-2 by vitamin D. Absence of VDR decreased Claudin-2 expression by abolishing VDR/promoter binding. In vivo, VDR deletion in intestinal epithelial cells led to significant decreased Claudin-2 in VDR(-/-) and VDR(ΔIEC) mice. The current study reveals an important and novel mechanism for VDR by regulation of epithelial barriers.status: publishe

An asymmetric upwind flow, Yellow Sea Warm Current : 1. New observations in the western Yellow Sea

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): C04026, doi:10.1029/2010JC006513.The winter water mass along the Yellow Sea Trough (YST), especially on the western side of the trough, is considerably warmer and saltier than the ambient shelf water mass. This observed tongue-shape hydrographic feature implies the existence of a winter along-trough and onshore current, often referred to as the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC). However, the YSWC has not been confirmed by direct current measurements and therefore skepticism remains regarding its existence. Some studies suggest that the presence of the warm water could be due to frontal instability, eddies, or synoptic scale wind bursts. It is noted that in situ observations used in most previous studies were from the central and eastern sides of the YST even though it is known that the warm water core is more pronounced along the western side. Data from the western side have been scarce. Here we present a set of newly available Chinese observations, including some from a coordinated effort involving three Chinese vessels in the western YST during the 2006–2007 winter. The data show unambiguously the existence of the warm current on the western side of YST. Both the current and hydrography observations indicate a dominant barotropic structure of YSWC. The westward deviation of YSWC axis is particularly obvious to the south of 35°N and is clearly associated with an onshore movement of warm water. To the north of 35°N, the YSWC flows along the bathymetry with slightly downslope movement. We conclude that the barotropic current is mainly responsible for the warm water intrusion, while the Ekman and baroclinic currents play an important but secondary role. These observations help fill an observational gap and establish a more complete view of the YSWC.The authors have been supported by China’s National Basic Research Priorities Programmer (2007CB411804 and 2005CB422303), the Ministry of Education’s 111 Project (B07036), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT‐07‐0781), and the China National Science Fundation (40976004, 40921004. and 40930844). J.Y. is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Coastal Ocean Institute