Removal of some organic acids from water using olive mill wastes as adsorbent

The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of olive mill waste-based granular activated carbon in the adsorption of some volatile organic acids. In comparison with commercial activated carbon, the different parameters interfering with carbonization, activation and BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) surface area were investigated

Carbonization and reuse possibilities of domestic and industrial sewage sludge

Sewage sludge disposing methods in Turkey are generally sanitary landfill, land farming and incineration. The increasing numbers of wastewater treatment plants depends on industrialization the increasing amounts of sewage sludge problems. On this occasion, working on reusing of sewage sludge becomes more popular in European Community [1] with limited usage on farming. Pyrolysis is one of the developing technologies applied to make an usable materials from sewage sludge. For this reason, potential of adsorbent production from raw material was investigated in this study

Investigation of using adsorbents obtained from sewage sludge with pyrolysis for removal of COD and dye from textile industry wastewater

In this study, COD and dye removal from wastewater of textile dying process was investigated. The adsorbents used in treatment experiments produced from domestic and industrials sewage sludge. After chemical activation with 0.5 - 3.0 M ZnCl(2) Solution, sludge was subjected to pyrolysis treatment at 500 degrees C in order to provide materials has great porosity and high surface area. Textile industry wastewater samples were supplied from dying and finishing process. The pyrolysis treatment test showed that highest specific surface area; 814.48 m(2)/g could be achieved with the treatment of industrial waste sludge at 2M ZnCl(2) solution, thereafter pyrolysis at 500 degrees C. Adsorbents produced at this condition were added into the adsorption and biological activated sludge treatment system to find out the effect of adsorbent addition on the COD and dye removal efficiency. In reactors of treating of textile dying wastewater, COD removal efficiency increased with increasing additive concentrations from 82% to 96%

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of vanadium by shale and coal waste

The use of adsorption using nanomaterials has become a very competitive method for removal of hazardous materials from wastewater. With increasing consumption of fossil fuels and development of energy storage systems, the levels of vanadium pollution are expected to increase. Utilizing natural shale and coal waste as adsorbents, batch adsorption, isotherms, and kinetics of vanadium was studied. The adsorption characteristics of shale and coal waste were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The effect of pH, the amount of adsorbent, vanadium concentration, temperature, and contact time between adsorbate and adsorbents were also studied to obtain optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of vanadium. The Fourier Transform Infrared results show little distortion in the vibration of bands, and hence the surface properties remain unchanged for both sorbents after adsorption. The adsorption kinetics are best described by pseudo-second order, while Langmuir model fits the adsorption isotherm for both adsorbents. Maximum sorption capacity is 67.57 mg/g for shale while that of coal is 59.88 mg/g at 298 K and pH 3. For both adsorbents, the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic, and chemisorption in nature. Both adsorbents can effectively be recycled twice

Investigation of the environmental distribution of endocrine disrupting materials in sewage sludge

Today, as a result of the fast-growing industrialization, a high number of wastewater treatment plants, and the exceptional quantities of sewage sludge, disposal methods make environment even a more important topic. In Turkey, 600millionm(3) of wastewater in a year is treated by municipalities and 500,000 tonnes of dry matter originate from sludge. However, the methods used for the disposal of sewage sludge are usually land spreading and incineration. Although the methods of agricultural use of land and laying the sludge are limited by the European Union, there are empty quarries being used to fill the land. 17-estradiol and estrone that are subject to the studyare known as endocrine disrupters and being significant amounts at municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent and they remain in sewage sludge without any degradation. Hormones that are accumulated in the sludge, transfer into the soil with the rain and join the food chain. Experimental studies in the laboratory were carried out by simulating normal land conditions through advanced biological treatment plant sludge and with natural rainwater. In this study, three different rainfall amounts were selected for Istanbul province in April, May and October. The experimental set-up was dimensioned at the depth of 3cm and 50cmx50cm square filtrate rained by spray method. In addition, the amount of sludge being assigned to treatment laid hormones, endocrine disrupters have been identified in groundwater and soil mixing rates. This study was conducted to detect the amount of the hormone that can be mixed up with underground water, and it was detected that in the rains of April, May and October, a total of 69.02, 36.2, and 111.7g/m(2) for 17-estradiol and 27.13, 10.1, and 45.8g/m(2) for estrone, respectively, dissolved from the sludge and transferred into underground water

Evaluation of estrogenic hormones in water reservoirs and municipality treatment plants in Istanbul

The increase in population and industrialization has led to increase wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Turkey's pharmaceutical sector has grown by over 30% in the last decade, therefore the levels of estrogenic hormones are also expected to increase in wastewater. When exposed from external sources, estrogenic hormones may cause endocrine disturbance. This paper assesses the levels of 17 beta-estradiol and estrone levels in treatment plants. A total 16 treatment plants and 4 water reservoirs were analysed for 17 beta-estradiol and estrone using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) test method. 17 beta-estradiol and estrone values were detected in the range of 37-382 ng/L and <1-187 ng/L, respectively. Pre-treatment plants had the highest levels estrogenic hormones, while reservoirs had the least levels

Changes occurring in consumption habits of people during COVID-19 pandemic and the water footprint

In this study, it has been aimed to determine the difference between water footprint values of individuals with different socio-economical levels, living in various cities, before and during COVID-19 pandemic period. For this purpose, a questionnaire study has been made and data obtained because of questionnaire have been processes in a water footprint calculation module. Data obtained from questionnaires have also been evaluated statistically in SPSS application. According to the findings obtained, while average water footprint before COVID-19 pandemic has been calculated as 4178.42 L/day, average water footprint during COVID-19 pandemic period has been calculated as 4606.18 L/day. It was determined that the percentage of participants whose water footprint increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period at all education levels was higher than other participants. When the water footprint values of the participants with an income level of 7000 TL and above were compared with the water footprint values of other income groups, it was observed that the water footprint values of the participants with an income of 7000 TL and above increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. When the water footprint values of individuals according to age groups are examined, it has been determined that the water footprint values of individuals tend to increase in all age groups (except for the 51-60 age range) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been seen that in the monthly clothing expenses and car washing numbers of participants, there was a tendency to decrease and that in their monthly kitchen expenditures there was a tendency to increase. Because of statistical evaluations, it was seen that there was a meaningful correlation between change in water footprint values and weekly shower numbers, weekly laundry washing numbers, and monthly kitchen expenses. Despite the increase in water consumption with many daily activities, it can be said that the average water footprint value did not increase much due to the decrease in clothing expenditures of the participants during the pandemic process, the change in car washing frequencies, and the fact that red meat consumption did not increase in general despite the increase in kitchen expenses.WOS:0006919237000012-s2.0-85114052617PubMed: 3448371

Comparative metal (Cu, Ni, Zn, total Cr, and Fe) removal from galvanic sludge by molasses hydrolysate

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical extraction efficiency of five metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, total Cr, and Fe) from galvanic sludge using molasses hydrolysate produced from molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry. The study was also aimed to compare the extraction efficiency of the molasses hydrolysate with those of nitric acid and EDTA