26 research outputs found
A nidovirus perspective on SARS-CoV-2
Two pandemics of respiratory distress diseases associated with zoonotic introductions of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus in the human population during 21st century raised unprecedented interest in coronavirus research and assigned it unseen urgency. The two viruses responsible for the outbreaks, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, are in the spotlight, and SARSCoV-2 is the focus of the current fast-paced research. Its foundation was laid down by studies of many coronaand related viruses that collectively form the vast order Nidovirales. Comparative genomics of nidoviruses played a key role in this advancement over more than 30 years. It facilitated the transfer of knowledge from characterized to newly identified viruses, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as contributed to the dissection of the nidovirus proteome and identification of patterns of variations between different taxonomic groups, from species to families. This review revisits selected cases of protein conservation and variation that define nidoviruses, illustrates the remarkable plasticity of the proteome during nidovirus adaptation, and asks questions at the interface of the proteome and processes that are vital for nidovirus reproduction and could inform the ongoing research of SARS-CoV-2.(c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Molecular basis of virus replication, viral pathogenesis and antiviral strategie
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Exosomes and microvesicles, collectively referred to as small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are vesicles with an average size of about 100-150 nm. Currently, the role of sEV in various aspects of signaling in the body is being actively investigated; in addition, sEV can often serve as markers of various pathologies. The active study of the sEV composition is continuing. In this study we have demonstrated that in sEV it is possible to determine cholesterol and triglycerides concentration by using commercial kits designed for serum. The technique was tested on sEV from the blood of patients diagnosed with depression and on healthy volunteers. No differences were found in the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in mEV from the blood serum of depressed patients and the control group. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the samples is several times higher than the sensitivity threshold of the methods set by the manufacturer of the kits.ΠΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ (ΠΌΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 100-150 Π½ΠΌ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΠ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΌΠΠ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΌΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΠ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΠ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size
Molecular basis of virus replication, viral pathogenesis and antiviral strategie
PCR assays for detection of human astroviruses: In silico evaluation and design, and in vitro application to samples collected from patients in the Netherlands
Molecular basis of virus replication, viral pathogenesis and antiviral strategie
A nidovirus perspective on SARS-CoV-2
Two pandemics of respiratory distress diseases associated with zoonotic introductions of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus in the human population during 21st century raised unprecedented interest in coronavirus research and assigned it unseen urgency. The two viruses responsible for the outbreaks, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, are in the spotlight, and SARS-CoV-2 is the focus of the current fast-paced research. Its foundation was laid down by studies of many corona- and related viruses that collectively form the vast order Nidovirales. Comparative genomics of nidoviruses played a key role in this advancement over more than 30 years. It facilitated the transfer of knowledge from characterized to newly identified viruses, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, as well as contributed to the dissection of the nidovirus proteome and identification of patterns of variations between different taxonomic groups, from species to families. This review revisits selected cases of protein conservation and variation that define nidoviruses, illustrates the remarkable plasticity of the proteome during nidovirus adaptation, and asks questions at the interface of the proteome and processes that are vital for nidovirus reproduction and could inform the ongoing research of SARS-CoV-2. Β© 2020 The Author
Winter resistance of sour cherry and sweet cherry flower buds in extreme winter 2009-2010 and 2020-2021
This article is devoted to the problem of field winter hardiness of sour cherry and sweet cherry flower buds as the main element of winter hardiness of fruit plants in the Oryol region. The issue is considered from the point of view of winter hardiness in extremely cold winters of 2009-2010. and 2020-2021, which allow you to more accurately determine the level of winter hardiness of each individual variety, which is rarely possible in mild comfortable winters. More than 30 varieties of sour cherries and sweet cherries from the gene pool of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding were taken as objects of study. In both cultures, a number of varieties with high winter hardiness of flower buds were identified β sour cherry varieties Griot Ostgeimsky, Volochaevka, Otrada, Shokoladnitsa, Otrada, Uifekhertoy Furtosh and sweet cherry varieties β Zarya Vostoka and Orlovskaya Yantarnaya
Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ
Blood exosomes and microvesicles, collectively known as small extracellular vesicles (sEV), are vesicles about 100-150 nm in size. Small
EV are involved in various aspects of signaling in the body; in addition, they can serve as markers of various pathologies. For biochemical studies,
vesicle solubilization is often required. We tested the ability of various detergents to dissolve membranes of the sEV. Small EV were isolated from
the blood serum of healthy volunteers by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B and tried to solubilize them using the anionic detergent DOC (sodium
deoxycholate), non-ionic detergent Brij 35 (polyoxyethyleneglycol dodecyl ether), zwitterionic detergent CHAPS (3 - [(3-chloramidopropyl)
dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonate), and cationic detergent CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide). The concentration of sEV in the
solution was determined by dynamic light scattering. We find DOC is the most effective for sEV solubilization.ΠΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ (ΠΌΠΠ), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 100-150 Π½ΠΌ. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅; ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΊΡΠ». ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΠ. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Sepharose CL-2B ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° DOC (Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ),
Π½Π΅ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Brij 35 (Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ), ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° CHAPS (3-[(3-Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»)
Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΎ]-1-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ), ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° CTAB (ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄). ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΠ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΠ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ DOC
ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°
The concentration of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was measured in lacrimal fluid (LF) using Human CNTF Quantikine ELISA kit (βR&D Systemsβ, USA) on a ChemWell 2910 automatic analyzer (βAwareness Technology Inc.β, USA). We initially attempted to use commercial kits, designed for serum and plasma CNTF detection, to quantify lacrimal CNTF. The results, however, were rarely above the minimum detection level of the kits, most likely due to matrix complexity and low concentrations of CNTF in diluted LF (LF had to be diluted because of the small volume of collected samples). The optimal sensitivity and the lowest background for the best minimum quantifiable value were determined empirically. Phosphate buffer solution containing 1% bovine serum albumin was selected as an optimal diluent for CNTF measurements in small fluid samples. A standard curve was produced using the calibrating solutions 0-250 pg/ml. Acid treatment of LF samples before the analysis allowed to increase the detectable concentration of the CNTF two-fold. The 1:3 dilution was selected based on the available volume of collected LF and a reasonable variation coefficient. The described protocol allowed to develop a sandwich ELISA optimized for lacrimal CNTF.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° β ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) Π² ΡΠ»ΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π‘Π) ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ CNTF Π² Π‘Π ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (ΠΠ€Π) Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Human CNTF Quantikine ELISA Kit (βR&D Systemsβ, Π‘Π¨Π) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ChemWell 2910 Combi (βAwareness Technology Inc.β, Π‘Π¨Π). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π‘Π ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»Π° Π²Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ CNTF. ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° (0.011) ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ 0 Π΄ΠΎ 250 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ CNTF Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΠ€Π (Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ) Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π‘Π Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ CNTF Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 10.4Β±0.4 ΠΏΠ³/ΠΌΠ» Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 4.2% ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 104%
LAMPA, LArge Multidomain Protein Annotator, and its application to RNA virus polyproteins
Motivation: To facilitate accurate estimation of statistical significance of sequence similarity in profile-profile searches, queries should ideally correspond to protein domains. For multidomain proteins, using domains as queries depends on delineation of domain borders, which may be unknown. Thus, proteins are commonly used as queries that complicate establishing homology for similarities close to cutoff levels of statistical significance.Results: In this article, we describe an iterative approach, called LAMPA, LArge Multidomain Protein Annotator, that resolves the above conundrum by gradual expansion of hit coverage of multidomain proteins through re-evaluating statistical significance of hit similarity using ever smaller queries defined at each iteration. LAMPA employs TMHMM and HHsearch for recognition of transmembrane regions and homology, respectively. We used Pfam database for annotating 2985 multidomain proteins (polyproteins) composed of >1000 amino acid residues, which dominate proteomes of RNA viruses. Under strict cutoffs, LAMPA outperformed HHsearch-mediated runs using intact polyproteins as queries by three measures: number of and coverage by identified homologous regions, and number of hit Pfam profiles. Compared to HHsearch, LAMPA identified 507 extra homologous regions in 14.4% of polyproteins. This Pfam-based annotation of RNA virus polyproteins by LAMPA was also superior to RefSeq expert annotation by two measures, region number and annotated length, for 69.3% of RNA virus polyprotein entries. We rationalized the obtained results based on dependencies of HHsearch hit statistical significance for local alignment similarity score from lengths and diversities of query-target pairs in computational experiments
The Missing Link: How Exosomes and miRNAs can Help in Bridging Psychiatry and Molecular Biology in the Context of Depression, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) only recently have been recognized as promising molecules for both fundamental and clinical neuroscience. We provide a literature review of miRNA biomarker studies in three most prominent psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia) with the particular focus on depression due to its social and healthcare importance. Our search resulted in 191 unique miRNAs across 35 human studies measuring miRNA levels in blood, serum or plasma. 30 miRNAs replicated in more than one study. Most miRNAs targeted neuroplasticity and neurodevelopment pathways. Various limitations do not allow us to make firm conclusions on clinical potential of studied miRNAs. Based on our results we discuss the rationale for future research investigations of exosomal mechanisms to overcome methodological caveats both in studying etiology and pathogenesis, and providing an objective back-up for clinical decisions. Β© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature