Meritocracia y desempeño laboral del personal en una unidad ejecutora del Ministerio Público – 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar qué relación existe entre la meritocracia y el desempeño laboral del personal en una Unidad Ejecutora del Ministerio Publico – 2021. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, permitiendo realizar la búsqueda de teorías referentes al estudio, de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental , nivel descriptivo y transversal, la unidad de análisis fue el personal de la Unidad Ejecutora del Ministerio Público 530, la muestra censal llegó a 223 trabajadores. Para conocer la confiabilidad se aplicó la prueba de Coeficiente de Alfa Cronbach, 0.852 para la variablemeritocracia, 0,953 de la variable desempeño laboral. La correlación de la variable meritocracia y desempeño laboral se aplicó la prueba Rho de Spearman. Se obtuvo p valor = .036, este resultado es inferior a .050 por tanto, es significativo, se aprueba la hipótesis de investigación, y el Rho = .141 ** significa queentrelas variablesexiste correlación de nivel positiva,muy baja al 99% de confianza y 1% de error. Las hipótesis específicas, las dimensiones responsabilidad ante las autoridades y dominio de tareas, independencia políticay motivación existe correlación de nivel positiva muy baja y de capacidad técnica y aprendizaje e improvisación existe correlación de nivel positiva baja

Aplicación del alcohol graso etoxilado como acelerador de tintura para optimizar la curva de teñido de la fibra de alpaca (Vicugna Pacos) usando colorantes complejo metálico

El presente trabajo de investigación “Aplicación del Alcohol Graso Etoxilado como acelerador de tintura para optimizar la curva de teñido de la fibra de alpaca (Vicugna Pacos) usando Colorantes Complejo Metálico” está orientado a la optimización de curvas de teñido de alpaca con colorantes ácidos, mediante el uso de alcohol graso etoxilado dentro del baño tintorero. Dicho trabajo se realizó dentro de un laboratorio textil, en el cual se realizó el teñido de las muestras a diferentes valores de las variables dependientes (temperatura, tiempo y concentración de alcohol graso) para luego hallar con la ayuda de la espectrofotometría el porcentaje de agotamiento como principal variable respuesta. Respaldamos la investigación con la ayuda de un espectrofotómetro textil y su software para obtener también lecturas de la solidez al frote. Al final de la investigación se determinó que los mejores valores para obtener un agotamiento óptimo son a 90 °C, con un tiempo de mantenimiento de 30 minutos y usando 1 % de alcohol graso etoxilado en el baño inicial de teñido, con lo cual pudimos elaborar una nueva curva de teñido

Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Navigating the Spanish Medical Residency Entrance Examination (MIR): Promising Horizons for AI in Clinical Medicine.

UNLABELLED: The rapid progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing has led to increasingly sophisticated large language models (LLMs) for use in healthcare. This study assesses the performance of two LLMs, the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models, in passing the MIR medical examination for access to medical specialist training in Spain. Our objectives included gauging the model\u27s overall performance, analyzing discrepancies across different medical specialties, discerning between theoretical and practical questions, estimating error proportions, and assessing the hypothetical severity of errors committed by a physician. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied the 2022 Spanish MIR examination results after excluding those questions requiring image evaluations or having acknowledged errors. The remaining 182 questions were presented to the LLM GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 in Spanish and English. Logistic regression models analyzed the relationships between question length, sequence, and performance. We also analyzed the 23 questions with images, using GPT-4\u27s new image analysis capability. RESULTS: GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5, scoring 86.81% in Spanish (p \u3c 0.001). English translations had a slightly enhanced performance. GPT-4 scored 26.1% of the questions with images in English. The results were worse when the questions were in Spanish, 13.0%, although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.250). Among medical specialties, GPT-4 achieved a 100% correct response rate in several areas, and the Pharmacology, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases specialties showed lower performance. The error analysis revealed that while a 13.2% error rate existed, the gravest categories, such as error requiring intervention to sustain life and error resulting in death , had a 0% rate. CONCLUSIONS: GPT-4 performs robustly on the Spanish MIR examination, with varying capabilities to discriminate knowledge across specialties. While the model\u27s high success rate is commendable, understanding the error severity is critical, especially when considering AI\u27s potential role in real-world medical practice and its implications for patient safety

Metabolically Obese Normal-Weight Phenotype as a Risk Factor for High Blood Pressure: A Five-Year Cohort

"Background: The metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype has been considered a risk factor for different chronic diseases, but its role in high blood pressure (HBP) is still unclear. The aim of the study is to determine if the MONW phenotype constitutes a risk factor for hypertension in Peruvian adults belonging to a 5-year cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. A secondary analysis from the database of the PERU MIGRANT study was carried out from the MONW and non-MONW cohorts; after a 5-year follow-up, the appearance of HBP was evaluated in the subjects of both cohorts. To assess the strength and magnitude of the association, a Poisson regression model (crude and adjusted) with robust variance was used. The measure of association was the relative risk (RR). Results: The incidence of HBP was 11.30%. In the multivariable analysis, subjects with the MONW phenotype had a 2.879-fold risk of presenting HBP in 5 years compared with those who were not MONW at the beginning of the study; this was adjusted for categorized age, sex, group, and state of smoker and alcohol drinker (RR: 2.055; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.118 - 3.777; P = 0.020). Conclusions: The presence of the MONW phenotype doubled the incidence of HBP, even after adjusting for other covariates. However, studies in this field should continue. If these findings are confirmed, it should be considered that presenting an adequate weight for height should not be interpreted as a condition free of metabolic alterations, so screening for hypertension should be carried out regardless of w

Infection and coinfection by human papillomavirus, Epstein–Barr virus and Merkel cell polyomavirus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a retrospective study

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as an important risk factor for laryngeal carcinogenesis. Although HPV-16 and 18 have been strongly implicated, the presence of other high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes or the coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPV) may increase the risk, but their etiological association has not been definitively established. Methods We characterized the genotype-specific HPV and the frequency of EBV and MCPV infections through the detection of their DNA in 195 laryngeal specimens of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histologically confirmed. Results HPV DNA was detected in 93 (47.7%) specimens. HPV-11 was the most frequent with 68 cases (73.1%), and HPV-52 was the most frequently HR-HPV found with 51 cases, which corresponds to 54.8% of all HPV-positive specimens. EBV DNA was detected in 54 (27.7%) tumor tissue specimens of which 25 (46.3%) were in coinfection with HPV. MCPV DNA was detected only in 11 (5.6%) cases of which 5 (45.4%) were in coinfection with an HR-HPV. No association between the presence of DNA of the three examined viruses and the patient smoking habits, alcohol consumption, age, the keratinization status, differentiation grade, or localization of the tumor in the larynx were found. Discussion HPV-52 was the most prevalent HR-HPV, which may suggest that this and other genotypes in addition to HPV-16 and 18 could be considered for prophylaxis. However, further studies including non-cancer larynx cases and the evaluation of other molecular markers and viral co-infection mechanisms are needed to determine the role of the different HR-HPV genotypes, EBV, and MCPV in the etiology of SCC of the larynx

Genetic landscape of 6089 inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain and their therapeutic and extended epidemiological implications

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425 and PI19/00321), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE), Fundación Ramón Areces, Fundación Conchita Rábago and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. Irene Perea-Romero is supported by a PhD fellowship from the predoctoral Program from ISCIII (FI17/00192). Ionut F. Iancu is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017-AI/BMD7256). Marta del Pozo-Valero is supported by a PhD grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago. Berta Almoguera is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020). Pablo Minguez is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CP16/00116). Marta Corton is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CPII17/00006). The funders played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation and/or publication decisions

Coping strategies and job performance in nurses in the emergency area of a public hospital in Lima

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y el desempeño laboral en enfermeras del área de emergencia de un hospital público, 2022. Materiales y métodos: enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La población estará conformada por los 58 profesionales de enfermería del área de emergencias de un hospital ubicado en Lima, la técnica fue la encuesta. El cuestionario de estrategias de afrontamiento fue el cuestionario COPE, dicho cuestionario consta de 30 ítems tipo escala de Likert, dividido en tres dimensiones y para evaluar el desempeño laboral, fue obtenido de la tesis titulada, “Motivación y desempeño laboral en enfermeras del servicio de emergencia, Hospital María Auxiliadora, 2021”, el cual consta de 28 ítems tipo escala de Likert, el cual consta de 3 dimensiones. Resultados: los resultadosserán presentados en tablas y gráficos estadísticos, utilizando las medidas de tendencia central para el análisis cuantitativo. Conclusiones: la investigación brindará datos que contribuirán a la mejora del proceso de atención enfermero, el que va a redundar en la calidad del cuidado que se brinda al paciente