Conception d'un langage de programmation pour applications distribuées

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Les déterminants de la santé et de la longévité aux États-Unis

L'espérance de vie augmente à un rythme d'environ 3 mois par année depuis près de 160 ans dans les pays développés. Cependant, les dépenses médicales ont augmenté beaucoup plus rapidement au cours des dernières années. Est-ce qu'une continuation de cette tendance est souhaitable? Est-ce que les gens vivent en aussi bonne santé même s'ils vivent plus vieux? Nous postulons un modèle économétrique avec des effets fixes et des variables instrumentales pour estimer l'impact des dépenses médicales sur une mesure de qualité de vie et de longévité aux États-Unis. Nous évaluons le coût engendré par cette augmentation de longévité et nous postulons également un modèle semi-paramétrique pour évaluer l'hypothèse selon laquelle les dépenses médicales sont régies par des rendements marginaux décroissants. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'une augmentation des dépenses médicales entraîne une augmentation de la qualité de vie des gens ainsi que de la longévité. Cette relation est encore plus forte pour les individus âgés de 45 ans et plus et le coût par année de vie sauvée pour ce même groupe est de 315 000 $. Ce résultat est de loin inférieur à ce que les économistes appellent la valeur statistique d'une vie humaine qui se situe autour de 7 millions de dollars par vie humaine. De plus, nous trouvons qu'il existe une relation non linéaire entre les dépenses médicales et les deux mesures de santé étudiées, ce qui vient appuyer l'hypothèse des rendements marginaux décroissants des dépenses médicales. Malgré l'augmentation plus rapide des dépenses de santé au cours des dernières années, les habitants des États-Unis vivent plus vieux et en meilleure santé qu'il y a 20 ans.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : dépenses médicales, taux de mortalité, qualité de vie, coûts et bénéfice

Designing for physically disabled users: benefits from human motion capture – a case study

International audiencePurpose: The present study aimed to improve the design of an interface that may help disabled children to play a musical instrument. The main point is to integrate human motion capture in the design process. Method: The participant performed 20 pointing movements toward four selected locations. A three one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed in order to determine the most efficient input location. For each button position, we compared (1) the reaction time (RT), (2) the movement time (MT), and (3) the spatial variability of the movements. Results: According to the results obtained for RT and MT, one position was the most efficient button location in order to produce efficient movements. Conclusions: As the case study showed, combining the 3D motion capture system and the statistical analysis led to help the designers their design methodology and crucial choices

A force model for superfinish turning of pure copper with rounded edge tools at low feed rate

International audienceThis paper presents a model for force prediction of superfinish turning operation on pure copper. The model is divided in two parts. The first part computes the forces acting on the rake face of the tool. The second part computes the forces on the clearance face that are much more important in superfinish machining than in conventional machining

From large-scale to micro machining: a review of force prediction models

International audienceIn this paper, a reviewof work performed in the area of force modelling in metal cutting processes is presented. Past and present trends are described and criticised to compare their relevance with current requirements. Several approaches are reviewed, such as empirical, mechanistic and analytical models. The models' ability to predict forces, from rough machining to finish machining, is analysed

Innovate contactor for CO2 recovery

Innovate contactor for CO2 recover

Process Mechanics and Surface Integrity Induced by Dry and Cryogenic Machining of AZ31B-O Magnesium Alloy

The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys depends mainly on its surface integrity. Previous experimental studies have shown that machining can induces small (nano-scale) grain size, compressive residual stresses and basal plane crystallographic texture, which significantly improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy. These studies have focused on the positive effects of cryogenic cooling and tool edge radius preparation. In this paper, the influence of a wide range of cutting process parameters (including cut-ting speed, feed, tool rake angle, tool edge radius and cooling conditions) acting on the cutting mechanics and surface integrity produced during machining of AZ31B-O magnesium alloy have been studied experimentally and numerically

The Green Computing Observatory: a data curation approach for green IT

International audienceThe first barrier to improved energy efficiency is the difficulty of collecting data on the energy consumption of individual components of data centers, and the lack of overall data collection. GCO collects monitoring data on energy consumption of a large computing center, and publish them through the Grid Observatory. These data include the detailed monitoring of the processors and motherboards, as well as the global site information, such as overall consumption and overall cooling. A second barrier is making the collected data usable. The difficulty is to make the data readily consistent and complete, as well as understandable for further exploitation. For this purpose, GCO opts for an ontological approach in order to rigorously define the semantics of the data (what is measured) and the context of their production (how are they acquired and/or calculated). The Green Computing Observatory (GCO) addresses the previous issues within the framework of a production infrastructure dedicated to e-science, providing a unique facility for the Computer Science and Engineering community. The overall goal is to create a full-fledged data curation process. This paper reports on the first achievements, specifically acquisition and ontology