Analysis of double-J/ψJ/\psi production in ZZ decay at next-to-leading-order QCD accuracy

In this article, we study in detail the double-$J/\psi$ yield through $Z$ decay at the next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy within the nonrelativistic QCD factorization. At the tree level, the pure QCD diagrams predict a branching ratio of $\mathcal{B}_{Z \to J/\psi+J/\psi} \sim 10^{-12}$; however, the inclusion of the QED diagrams would augment this prediction by approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude. After incorporating the QCD corrections, the QCD results exhibit a considerable increase, whereas the QED results undergo a substantial reduction. Combining the QCD and QED contributions at NLO in $\alpha_s$, it is observed that the prediction of $\mathcal{B}_{Z \to J/\psi+J/\psi}=(1.110^{+0.334+0.054}_{-0.241-0.001})\times 10^{-10}$, which displays a fairly steady dependence on the renormalization scale, is significantly lower than the upper limits released by CMS.Comment: v2: 15 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables. Matches with published version in JHE

Effect of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bunge extract on streptozocin-induced diabetic in rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. extract (AMBE) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: The aqueous extract of AMB was obtained by steeping the dried  Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. in water at 60 oC three times, each for 1 h, before first drying in an oven at 100 oC and then freeze-drying the last extract thus obtained. Diabete model rats was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of ten rats each: negative control group, normal control group, reference group (glibenclamide1 mg/kgbody weight) as well as AMB extract groups, namely, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg body weight. Antihyperglycemic effect was measured by blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Oxidative stress was evaluated in liver and kidney by antioxidant markers, viz, lipidperoxidation (LPO), superoxide  dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), while blood serum levels of creatinine and urea were also determined in both diabetic control and treated rats.Results: Compared with diabetic rats, oral administration of AMBE at a  concentration of 160 mg/kg daily for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (109.438 ± 3.52, p < 0.05) and increased insulin level (13.96 ± 0.74, p < 0.05). Furthermore, it significantly reduced biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, 0.86 ± 0.29, p < 0.05) and serum urea (45.14 ± 1.79, p < 0.05). The treatment also resulted in significant increase in GSH (49.21 ± 2.59, p < 0.05), GPx (11.96 ± 1.16, p < 0.05), SOD (14.13 ± 0.49, p < 0.05), CAT (83.25 ± 3.14, p < 0.05) level in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats.Conclusion: The results suggest that AMBE may effectively normalize impaired  antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner. AMBE has a protective effect against lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals and is thus capable of reducing the risk of diabetic complications.Keywords: Astragalus membranaceus, Diabetic, Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant Oxidative stress, Fasting blood glucos

Ethyl 4-anilino-3-nitrobenzoate

In the title compound, C15H14N2O4, the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 78.33 (3)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond results in a non-planar six-membered ring with a flattened-boat conformation. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules. π–π contacts between the phenyl rings and both the phenyl and benzene rings, [centroid–centroid distances = 3.841 (3) and 3.961 (3) Å] may further stabilize the structure

4-Chloro-3-nitro­benzonitrile

In the title compound, C7H3ClN2O2, the Cl, C and N atoms are coplanar with the aromatic ring. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules. The π–π contact between the benzene rings, [centroid–centroid distances = 3.912 (3) Å] may further stabilize the structure

FlowX: Towards Explainable Graph Neural Networks via Message Flows

We investigate the explainability of graph neural networks (GNNs) as a step toward elucidating their working mechanisms. While most current methods focus on explaining graph nodes, edges, or features, we argue that, as the inherent functional mechanism of GNNs, message flows are more natural for performing explainability. To this end, we propose a novel method here, known as FlowX, to explain GNNs by identifying important message flows. To quantify the importance of flows, we propose to follow the philosophy of Shapley values from cooperative game theory. To tackle the complexity of computing all coalitions' marginal contributions, we propose a flow sampling scheme to compute Shapley value approximations as initial assessments of further training. We then propose an information-controlled learning algorithm to train flow scores toward diverse explanation targets: necessary or sufficient explanations. Experimental studies on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed FlowX and its variants lead to improved explainability of GNNs. The code is available at https://github.com/divelab/DIG

Possible origin of Triticum petropavlovskyi based on cytological analyses of crosses between T. petropavlovskyi and tetraploid, hexaploid, and synthetic hexaploid (SHW-DPW) wheat accessions

Intraspecific hybridization between Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch., synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW-DPW), and tetraploid and hexaploid wheat, was performed to collect data on seed set, fertility of F1 hybrid, and meiotic pairing configuration, aiming to evaluate the possible origin of T. petropavlovskyi. Our data showed that (1) seed set of crosses T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring was significantly high; (2) fertility of hybrids T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense was higher than that of the other hybrids; (3) fertility of F1 hybrids SHW-DPW × T. dicoccoides and SHW-DPW×T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum was significantly high; and (4) c-value of T. petropavlovskyi × T. polonicum and T. petropavlovskyi × T. aestivum cv. Changning white wheat was also significantly high. The results indicate that the probable origin of T. petropavlovskyi is divergence from a natural cross between T. aestivum and T. polonicum, via either spontaneous introgression or breeding effort

Newton-Cartan Gravity and Torsion

We compare the gauging of the Bargmann algebra, for the case of arbitrary torsion, with the result that one obtains from a null-reduction of General Relativity. Whereas the two procedures lead to the same result for Newton-Cartan geometry with arbitrary torsion, the null-reduction of the Einstein equations necessarily leads to Newton-Cartan gravity with zero torsion. We show, for three space-time dimensions, how Newton-Cartan gravity with arbitrary torsion can be obtained by starting from a Schroedinger field theory with dynamical exponent z=2 for a complex compensating scalar and next coupling this field theory to a z=2 Schroedinger geometry with arbitrary torsion. The latter theory can be obtained from either a gauging of the Schroedinger algebra, for arbitrary torsion, or from a null-reduction of conformal gravity.Comment: 21 page